Iraqi Construction Industry faces large challenges especially now adays: these challenges
cause many problems in the quality, cost and duration of the projects. One of these challenges is the problems of choosing the appropriate offer, because the lowest one is chosen in spite of the fact that this offer is not the best one. The researcher made a field study for the case of incorrect pricing of contracts through direct interviews with many expertise's. Through the application of innovative approach & brainstorming techniques, a proposed criterion for choosing the suitable offer was suggested depending on many factors as a base for evaluation and tendering of offers. This criterion also evaluated by many senior engineers and assu

This paper presents a study of the geometrically non-linear vibrations of clamped circular plates with variable thickness by taking the effect of large amplitude motion. The maximum thickness is considered to be at the plate center and it is taken to be twice the value of thickness at the edge. The problem is solved by the numerical iteration procedure to obtain the results of vibration amplitudes up to twice the maximum plate thickness. The results are presented for the first two modes of vibration. The obtained results indicate
that increasing the ratio of thickness has the effect of increasing the nonlinear frequency and modify the corresponding mode shape.

Research aims to develop a novel technique for segmental beam fabrication using plain concrete blocks and externally bonded Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers Laminates (CFRP) as a main flexural reinforcement. Six beams designed an experimentally tested under two-point loadings. Several parameters included in the fabrication of segmental beam studied such as; bonding length of carbon fiber reinforced polymers, the surface-to-surface condition of concrete segments, interface condition of the bonding surface, and thickness of epoxy resin layers. Test results of the segmental beams specimens compared with that gained from testing reinforced concrete beam have similar dimensions for validations. The results show the effectiven

This paper proposes improving the structure of the neural controller based on the identification model for nonlinear systems. The goal of this work is to employ the structure of the Modified Elman Neural Network (MENN) model into the NARMA-L2 structure instead of Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) model in order to construct a new hybrid neural structure that can be used as an identifier model and a nonlinear controller for the SISO linear or nonlinear systems. Two learning algorithms are used to adjust the parameters weight of the hybrid neural structure with its serial-parallel configuration; the first one is supervised learning algorithm based Back Propagation Algorithm (BPA) and the second one is an intelligent algorithm n

The conversion of nC5-nC7 over 0.32wt%Pt/HY-Zeolite catalyst was studied with temperature range 240-270ºC, liquid hourly space velocity range 1-3h-1, hydrogen to n-alkane mole ratio 8-24 and atmospheric total pressure. The effect of the PH2, PnC5, PnC6, and PnC7 orders on the overall reaction rate was studied. For nC7, the reaction order with respect to hydrogen varied between -0.998 and -0.948 while with respect to nC7 varied between 0.154 and 0.156. For nC6, the reaction order varied between -0.811 and -0.808 while with respect to nC6 varied between 0.332 and 0.337. For nC5, the reaction order with respect to hydrogen varied between -0.652 and -0.620 while the reaction order with respect to nC5 was varied between 0.336 and 0.339. The

In this paper an investigation has been made into the effect of residual stresses on the vibration characteristics of a thin rectangular stainless steel plate with multi-line spot welded stiffeners. A new general frequency equation with and without the effect of residual stresses due to multi-line spot welding along the length and width of the plate for different boundary conditions were obtained. The results give that the free ends tries to increase the natural frequencies while the clamped edges try to decrease the natural frequencies; also the central position weld line has the great influence on the natural frequencies.

Water plays a strategic role in the development of many facilities in our country. Still, the biggest construction projects in the world take place in Iraq with the creation of the most ambitious architectural centers. Great water production plants and distribution networks are constructed and management of available water resources is an important issue. This paper includes the identification of the hazards and introduction of control points that serve to minimize these potential hazards that providing more effect control for drinking water quality. We can conclude that end-product testing is a reactive rather than preventive way to demonstrate confidence in good and safe drinking water. This justifies the need for the formulation of a

In this work, a developed modified one sampling ahead preview (OSAP) controller with repetitive control action for single – phase voltage source PWM inverters used in (UPS) systems is proposed. The proposed technique minimizes largely the plant modeling errors resulted from simplification made to obtain a linear discrete - time plant model. In addition, due to the repetitive control action, this digital control scheme can minimize the steady-state error and periodic distortions caused by nonlinear cyclic loads. Hence, the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) will be reduced. This technique utilizes a switching frequency greater than the sampling frequency, yielding additional minimization in the plant modeling errors. As the sampling freque

Hydrogenation of D-glucose in the presence of Raney nickel as a catalyst was employed for the preparation of D-mannitol. The effects of the reaction time (15-115 min), reaction temperature (15-65 oC), and catalyst to D-glucose ratio (3-11 %) on the yield of D-mannitol were studied. The experimental design of Box-Wilson method was adopted to find a useful relationship between the effecting variables and the D-mannitol yield. The experimental data collected by this design was successively fitted to a second order polynomial mathematical model. The analysis of variance shows that the reaction time had the greatest effect on the yield of D-mannitol among other variables. An optimum operating conditions of 115 min reaction time, 50 ˚C reacti

The solar photocatalytic degradation of diuron, which is one of the herbicides, has been studied by a solar pilot plant in heterogeneous solar photocatalysis with titanium dioxide. The pilot plant was made up of compound parabolic collectors specially designed for solar photocatalytic applications. The influence of different variables such as, H2O2 initial concentration, TiO2 initial concentration, and diuron initial concentration with their relationship to the degradation efficiency were studied. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) found to increase the rate of diuron degradation. The best removal efficiency of heterogeneous solar photocatalytic TiO2 system was found to be 46.65 % and for heterogeneous solar photocatalytic TiO2/ H2O2 system was fo

lar water heating systems with heat pipes of three diameter groups of 16, 22 and 28.5 mm. The first and third groups had evaporator lengths of 1150, 1300 and 1550 mm. The second group had an additional length of 1800 mm. all heat pipes were of fixed condenser length of 200 mm. Ethanol at 50% fill charge ratio of the evaporator volume was used as the heat pipes working fluid. Each heat pipe condenser section was inserted in a storage tank and the evaporator section inserted into an evacuated glass tube of the Owens- Illinois type. The combined heat pipe and evacuated glass tube form an active solar collector of a unique design.
The resulting ten solar water heating systems were tested outdoors under the meteorological conditions of Bag

This paper brings together random field generation and finite element technique to model steady
state seepage through two dimensional soil domain in which the hydraulic conductivity is randomly
distributed in space. The analysis treats the hydraulic conductivity as a spatially random property with
specified mean, variance and spatial correlation length. The results of the combined model used in an
optimization procedure to obtain the optimum dimension of the hydraulic structure seepage control
techniques.

Myoelectrie signals are the electrical manifestation associated with the movements exerted by the muscuiar system in the mamal beings (including the human). Examination of these signals should reveal the status of the muscles as well as the driving nervous system, This is important in diagnosis as well as prosthesis for the health of mankind and aids for handicaped. This would not be possible unless powerful digital processing techniques are available. In this paper, several techniques are investigated so as to extract the features of the ME signals both in time and frequency domains. The extracted features are subsequently employed in an automatic diagnostie classification system to decide whether or not they correspond to a normal musc

Laboratory investigation and many comparisons between laboratory and commercial samples of
Yemeni kerosene distillates were carried out .The physico-chemical properties of the kerosene
distillates were determined . The possibility of their utilization as an aviation turbine fuel with high
quality specification " assisting the increase of flight height and velocity " was confirmed . At the
first look to obtained results , it is shown that the physicochemical properties for all samples are in
the international permissible limits. The carbon content is distributed as the following: 15% normal
paraffin ; 50% branched paraffin ; 2% mono-cycloalkanes ; 16% bicycloalkanes ; 16% branched
mono-cycloaromat with branches prevai

Colorization is a computer assisted process of adding color to a monochrome (grayscale) image or
movie. The early published methods to perform the image colorizing rely on heuristic techniques
for choosing RGB colors from a global palette and applying them to regions of the target grayscaled
image. The main improvement of the proposed technique is the adoption in a fully automatic
way the genetic algorithm as an efficient search method to find best match for each pixel in the
target image. The proposed genetic algorithm evolves a population of randomly selected individuals (that represents a possible color setting for target image using a reference colored source image toward solution that could resemble natural or real co

In this work, a flat-plate solar air heater (FSAH) and a tubular solar air heater (TSAH) were designed and tested numerically. The work investigates the effect of increasing the contact area between the flowing air and the absorber surface of each heater and predicts the expected results before the fabrication of the experimental rig. Three-dimensional two models were designed and simulated by the ANSYS-FLUENT 16 Program. The solar irradiation and ambient air temperature were measured experimentally on December 1^st 2022, at the weather conditions of Baghdad City- Iraq, at three air mass flow rates, 0.012 kg/s, 0.032 kg/s, and 0.052 kg/s. The numerical results showed the advantage in the thermal performance of

This research is devoted to investigate the behavior and performance of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with externally bonded Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) laminates under the effect of torsion. In this study a theoretical analysis has been conducted using finite element code ANSYS. Six previously tested beams are used to investigate reinforced concrete beams behavior
under torsion, two of them are solid and the rest are box-section beams. Also, two beams are without CFRP reinforcement, which are used as control beams for the strengthened one, and the other four beams are strengthened with CFRP laminates with different number of layers and spacing. Numerical investigation is conducted on these beams, and comparisons b

Different methods of encryption that are widely used in smart card have been presented. Because of the usefulness and widespread application of Food Ration Card throughout our country, three models of designing and simulations are developed. A comparison between the different models is done. The first model is the Food Ration Card without using any security method. The second model is the Food Ration Card with using an AES algorithm as a security method. The third model is the Food Ration Card with using RSA method. All models are implemented and simulated using  BasicCard Development kit Environment. For the first model, a Compact BasicCard version ZC1.1 is used. While for the second and third models, a Professional BasicCard versi

Solar energy usage in Iraq is facing many issues; one of those is the accumulation “of the dust on the surface of the solar module which” would highly lower its efficiency. The present work study the effect of dust accumulation” on installing fixed solar modules with different inclined angles 15^o, 33^o, 45^o, 60^o. Evaluation of the solar modules performance under different circumstance conditions such as rain, wind and humidity are considered in study of dust effect on solar module performance. The results show that the lowest output average efficiencies of solar modules occurs at 15^o horizontally inclined angle are 7.4% , 6.7% , 8.0% , 8.1%, and 8.4% for the cor

Data centric techniques, like data aggregation via modified algorithm based on fuzzy clustering algorithm with voronoi diagram which is called modified Voronoi Fuzzy Clustering Algorithm (VFCA) is presented in this paper. In the modified algorithm, the sensed area divided into number of voronoi cells by applying voronoi diagram, these cells are clustered by a fuzzy C-means method (FCM) to reduce the transmission distance. Then an appropriate cluster head (CH) for each cluster is elected. Three parameters are used for this election process, the energy, distance between CH and its neighbor sensors and packet loss values. Furthermore, data aggregation is employed in each CH to reduce the amount of data transmission which le

This research study changes in the requirements space for diagnostic and therapeutic departments (radiology, laboratory and physical therapy), which aims to adopt the current technological developments and work to create a flexible environment that helps to absorb modern technology in the future ,  And reach to the ideas of a new architectural flexibility to deal with those departments ,  And that  had a major impact on the workflow in the hospital and its spaces. Through the study of modern design requirements of those departments and the study estimates for all future expansions .

مثل الأطفال شريحة مهمة في المجتمع بوصفهم أهم مقومات بنائه، ومن ثم فإن مسؤولية توفير أفضل خدمات الرعاية الصحية لهم على وفق الطريقة الملائمة لاعمارهم تقع على عاتق المجتمع بكافة مؤسساته، لذا إنصب احتمام المخططين والمهندسين المعماريين وعلماء النفس والاجتماع على حد سواء في طرح الاعتبارات الرئيسة عند تصميم البيئة الداخلية المرافق للرعاية الصحية للأطفال، لتحقيق بيئة علاجية تسهم في التخفيف من حدة الألم والخوف و

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of magnetized water on accumulated infiltration depth. A test rig was designed and constructed for this purpose was installed at the water tests laboratory of the Department of Water Resources Engineering at the University of  aghdad. The investigation was carried out by using two types of soil, different flow velocities throughout magnetizing device and different configuration of magnets over and under the water passage of the magnetizing device. The soils that were used in the experiments are clayey and sandy soils.  Six different flow velocities throughout magnetizing device ranged between 0.29 to 1.19 cm/s and ten configurations of arranging the magnets over and under th

This study is concerned with the derivation of differential equation of motion for the free coupled vertical – torsional and lateral vibration of opened thin-walled curved beams. The curved beam to be considered in this study is of isotropic opened thin – walled (I) section with equal top and bottom flanges. The derivation depends on Hamilton's principle which required finding the potential and kinetic energy of the curved beam section due to internal stresses and all types of movements (Vertical,Torsional and Lateral) .The effect of restrained warping displacement is also considered in this study. Three differential equations are derived for vertical, torsional and lateral movement .and approximate solutions are developed by using t

In the construction of modern buildings, a network of pipes and ducts is necessary to accommodate essential services like water supply, sewage, air-conditioning, electricity, telephone, and computer network. Passing these services vertically required creating openings in slab (Flanges of T-Beams) after or before construction.
New researches show that the concrete flanges provide a certain level of shear resistance above a certain width. Therefore, due to existing of these openings or cold joints in slab (Flange) and abrupt changes in the sectional configuration, opening corners are subject to high stress concentration that may lead to reduction in stiffness of the T-Beam and produced cracking and excessive deflection.
In the presen

Various speech enhancement Algorithms (SEA) have been developed in the last few decades. Each algorithm has its advantages and disadvantages because the speech signal is affected by environmental situations. Distortion of speech results in the loss of important features that make this signal challenging to understand. SEA aims to improve the intelligibility and quality of speech that different types of noise have degraded. In most applications, quality improvement is highly desirable as it can reduce listener fatigue, especially when the listener is exposed to high noise levels for extended periods (e.g., manufacturing). SEA reduces or suppresses the background noise to some degree, sometimes called noise suppression alg

This paper presents the non-linear finite element method to study the behavior of four reinforced rectangular concrete MD beams with web circular openings tested under two-point load. The numerical finite elements methods have been used in a much more practical way to achieve approximate solutions for more complex problems.  The ABAQUS /CAE is chosen to explore the behavior of MD beams. This paper also studies, the effect of both size and shape of the circular apertures of MD beams. The strengthening technique that used in this paper is externally strengthening using CFRP around the opening in the MD beams. The numerical results were compared to the experimental results in terms of ultimate load failure and displace

This work examines the ability of a special type of smart antenna array known as Switched Active Switched Parasitic Antenna (SASPA) to produce a directive and electronically steerable radiation pattern. The SASPA array consists of antenna elements that are switchable between active and parasitic states by using P-Intrinsic-N (PIN) diodes. The active element is the element that is supplied by the radio frequency while short-circuiting the terminals of an element in the array results in a parasitic element. Due to the strong mutual coupling between the elements, a directional radiation pattern with high gain and a small beamwidth can be produced with only one active element operating at a time. By changing the parasitic state to the active

Some of the newly constructed highway pavements in Iraq have shown premature failures with consequential negative impacts on both roadway safety and economy. Major types of these failures are permanent deformation (rutting) and cracking. Fillers were suspected to be a major contributor to these failures. The objective of this study is to evaluate the influence of new different fillers extracted from different local sources on the performance of asphalt mixtures. The effect of filler type and content on the failures potential of asphalt concrete as well as other mixes properties was investigated. A detailed laboratory study is carried out by preparing asphalt mixtures specimens using aggregate from Al-Taji quarry, (40-50) grade asphalt fr

An investigation has been made into the effect of residual stresses on the vibration, characteristics of thin rectangular plates clastically restrained against rotation along three edges and free on the fourth edge .General frequency equation with and without including the effect of residual stresses has been obtained. Exact frequency expressions including the eflect of residual stresses for the cascs: S-S-S-F,S-S-C-F.C-C-S-F.C-S-S-F. C-S-C-F.C-C-C-F were also obtained. The eflect of the position of welding along the width of the plate for all cases was also included. Actual plate models were testea and the results were compared with the theoretical predictions giving good agreement