Investigation of the adsorption of Chromium (VI) on Fe₃O₄ is carried out using batch scale experiments according to statistical design using a software program minitab17 (Box-Behnken design). Experiments were carried out as per Box-Behnken design with four input parameters such as pH (2-8), initial concentration (50–150mg/L), adsorbent dosage (0.05–0.3 g) and time of adsorption (10–60min). The better conditions were showed at pH: 2; contact time: 60 min; chromium concentration: 50 mg/L and magnetite dosage: 0.3 g for maximum Chromium (VI) removal of (98.95%) with an error of 1.08%. The three models (Freundlich, Langmuir, and Temkin) were fitted to experimental data, Langmuir isotherm has bette

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This study investigated the feasibility of anaerobic co-digestion of giant reed (GR) inoculated with waste manure as a co-substrate for biogas production. The performance of co-digestion was evaluated in 4 anaerobic digesters operated in batch mode at different conditions. The effects of alkali pretreatment with NaOH (4% w/v) solution, inoculum type, and thermal condition were studied. The results demonstrated that the alkali-pretreatment of GR enhanced the biogas generation by about 15% at mesophilic conditions. Thermophilic conditions enhanced the biogas recovery from both alkali-free and alkali pretreated GR by 15% and 127%, respectively. The kinetic study of the co-digestion process of GR for biogas recovery suggeste

This study “discusses the benefit of “addition waste paper as a “new cellulose material “in mortar mixes. A partial addition of waste paper by cement weight was achieved to produce cement composite mortar.  Pulp and paper is the third major industrial dumper of air, soil and water. In recent year, paper and paperboard constitute a greater portion of many countries’ urban solid discarded generation. Beside, it increases characteristic “strength due to existence “of hydrogen links “in the microstructure of “paper. Furthermore, it consume “better thermal protection. The addition percentages “of waste paper used “in this work were (5%, 10%, 15% and 20%) by “mass of cement to measure and evaluat

In this work chemical vapor deposition method (CVD) for the production of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been improved by the addition of S. Steel mesh container (SSMC) inside which the catalyst (Fe/Al2O3) was placed. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigation method used to study nanotubes produced, showed that high yield of two types of (CNTs) obtained, single wall carbon nanotube (SWCNTs) with diameter and length of less than 50nm and several micrometers respectively and nanocoil tubes with a diameter and length of less than 100nm and several micrometers respectively. The chemical analysis of (CNTs) reveals that the main component is carbon (94%) and a little amount of Al (0.32%), Fe (2.22%) the reminder is oxygen. It was also fou

In this paper, the computational complexity will be reduced using a revised version of the selected mapping (SLM) algorithm. Where a partial SLM is achieved to reduce the mathematical operations around 50%. Although the peak to average power ratio (PAPR) reduction gain has been slightly degraded, the dramatic reduction in the computational complexity is an outshining achievement. Matlab simulation is used to evaluate the results, where the PAPR result shows the capability of the proposed method.  

This study uses load factor and loss factor to determine the power losses of the electrical feeders. An approach is presented to calculate the power losses in the distribution system. The feeder’s technical data and daily operation recorded data are used to calculate and analyze power losses.

This paper presents more realistic method for calculating the power losses based on load and loss factors instead of the traditional methods of calculating the power losses that uses the RMS value of the load current which not consider the load varying with respect to the time. Eight 11kV feeders are taken as a case study for our work to calculate load factor, loss factor and power losses. Four of them (F40, F42, F43 and F

Tendon is important structure of the human body, since it can sustain tensile loading. The primary function of this tissue is to stabilize the joints they attached to it during daily activities. As well as, tendon has viscoelastic properties that can determine their response to loading and restrict the potential of injuries. One of the major points that this paper works with is the study of the biomechanical behaviour of tendon in response to tensile loading to describe their biological behaviour. Also, conclude the mathematical expression that may illustrate the tendon behaviour. All of the experiments were made in Physiology laboratories / Medical College/ Al- Nahrain University on ten rats "Rattus Norvegicus" of [108- 360] gm weight f

lar water heating systems with heat pipes of three diameter groups of 16, 22 and 28.5 mm. The first and third groups had evaporator lengths of 1150, 1300 and 1550 mm. The second group had an additional length of 1800 mm. all heat pipes were of fixed condenser length of 200 mm. Ethanol at 50% fill charge ratio of the evaporator volume was used as the heat pipes working fluid. Each heat pipe condenser section was inserted in a storage tank and the evaporator section inserted into an evacuated glass tube of the Owens- Illinois type. The combined heat pipe and evacuated glass tube form an active solar collector of a unique design.
The resulting ten solar water heating systems were tested outdoors under the meteorological conditions of Bag

In this experimental study, the use of stone powder as a stabilizer to the clayey soil studied. Tests of Atterberg limits, compaction, fall cone (FCT), Laboratory vane shear (LVT), and expansion index (EI) were carried out on soil-stone powder mixtures with fixed ratios of stone powder (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) by the dry weight. Results indicated that the undrained shear strength obtained from FCT and LVT increased at all the admixture ratios, and the expansion index reduced with the increase of the stone powder.

The aircraft landing phase, marking the finishing of a flight plane, is a critical yet dangerous aerial maneuver. Even though it might seem simple, predicting the complexities of performance during landing presents a big challenge due to the dynamic characteristics of the phase, interaction with piloting methods, as well as inherent uncertainties in aerodynamics. Landing is executed in close proximity to the ground at reduced airspeed, the landing phase entails an escalated safety risk. Notably, incidents and accidents, particularly overruns where aircraft fail to slow sufficiently on the runway before landing, underscore the imperative for advanced landing technologies. This paper presents a comprehensive review of rese

This paper aims to develop a framework for differentiating the selection of welding processes using specialized knowledge-based expert systems, which are particularly useful in dealing with issues that require complex decision-making. A program was created and programmed using the process information maps (PRIMAs) matrix in Visual Basic Access for selecting welding processes in a study. The program is in two stages. In the first stage, it excludes non-candidate operations according to several criteria, the most important of which is the type of metal and its thickness. The second stage is arranging operations using multi-criteria methods for decision-making through research to resolve complicated problems involving multi

The study area, which consists of carbonate, is located in the unstable Mesopotamian basin on the Arabian plate, which makes it a field with high heterogeneity. It has a discrepancy in its bubble point pressure, which raises concerns about the faults or reefs that caused it. The study's main objective is to determine how faults and reefs impact production performance and pressure behavior under a future development strategy. This goal will be achieved by completing the necessary seismic, static, and dynamic models. After re-evaluating the seismic survey data, the seismic analysis detected many irregular amplitudes of reflected events and abrupt discontinuities, indicating either a reef or a fault. The static model was bu

The main objective of this study is to examine the impact of moisture concrete of clayey soil on the concrete slabs placed directly over it. This experimental study presents the mechanical properties of the concrete slab when placed on different clayey soil moisture content ranging from 0% to the optimum moisture content of 35%. The tests were performed on soil concrete specimens of 25*30*50 mm exposed to sprayed water curing conditions for 28 days. Tests of compressive strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity, crack depth and crack width were investigated through this paper. An ejection relationship between compressive strength of concrete and water content in the soil was observed, with a 26% increase with water increasing from 0% to 35%. T

The removal of boron from aqueous solution was carried out by electrocoagulation (EC) using magnesium electrodes as anode and stainless steel electrodes as cathode. Several operating parameters on the removal efficiency of boron were investigated, such as initial pH, current density, initial boron ion concentration, NaCl concentration, spacing between electrodes, electrode material, and presence of carbonate concentration. The optimum removal efficiency of 91. 5 % was achieved at a current density of 3 mA/cm² and  pH = 7 using (Mg/St. St. ) electrodes, within 45 min of operating time. The concentration of NaCl was o. 1 g/l with a 0.5cm spacing between the electrodes. First and second order rate equation were applied to study adsorp

In this research an experimental study has done for testing the thermal performance of selective surfaces used in solar collectors for substrate of iron, galvanized iron and aluminum which are commercially available. The coating process for the samples has done in two ways, the electroplating and the chemical spray pyrolysis. The results of the thermal performance test of these samples are comparing with the thermal performance of a sample without paint and other paint with black paint without shines commercially available. For the electroplated samples, the performance study has done for different immersion time in plating bath, the
distance between electrical poles, the current density, and area ratio of the sample plated area to

Myoelectrie signals are the electrical manifestation associated with the movements exerted by the muscuiar system in the mamal beings (including the human). Examination of these signals should reveal the status of the muscles as well as the driving nervous system, This is important in diagnosis as well as prosthesis for the health of mankind and aids for handicaped. This would not be possible unless powerful digital processing techniques are available. In this paper, several techniques are investigated so as to extract the features of the ME signals both in time and frequency domains. The extracted features are subsequently employed in an automatic diagnostie classification system to decide whether or not they correspond to a normal musc

Laboratory investigation and many comparisons between laboratory and commercial samples of
Yemeni kerosene distillates were carried out .The physico-chemical properties of the kerosene
distillates were determined . The possibility of their utilization as an aviation turbine fuel with high
quality specification " assisting the increase of flight height and velocity " was confirmed . At the
first look to obtained results , it is shown that the physicochemical properties for all samples are in
the international permissible limits. The carbon content is distributed as the following: 15% normal
paraffin ; 50% branched paraffin ; 2% mono-cycloalkanes ; 16% bicycloalkanes ; 16% branched
mono-cycloaromat with branches prevai

This paper brings together random field generation and finite element technique to model steady
state seepage through two dimensional soil domain in which the hydraulic conductivity is randomly
distributed in space. The analysis treats the hydraulic conductivity as a spatially random property with
specified mean, variance and spatial correlation length. The results of the combined model used in an
optimization procedure to obtain the optimum dimension of the hydraulic structure seepage control
techniques.

Colorization is a computer assisted process of adding color to a monochrome (grayscale) image or
movie. The early published methods to perform the image colorizing rely on heuristic techniques
for choosing RGB colors from a global palette and applying them to regions of the target grayscaled
image. The main improvement of the proposed technique is the adoption in a fully automatic
way the genetic algorithm as an efficient search method to find best match for each pixel in the
target image. The proposed genetic algorithm evolves a population of randomly selected individuals (that represents a possible color setting for target image using a reference colored source image toward solution that could resemble natural or real co

In civil engineering, there are many problems related to the transmission of pressure waves through the soil due to dynamic loads. In industrial applications, these vibrations remain often caused by the impact of weights on the foundation machine. Typically, these basics transmit effective vertical stresses to the surface layers. Accordingly, the dynamic performance of natural clay soils under the influence of individual active loads was careful in this work. Energy A deflection scale system dropped different loads from several elevations. The application of this research was to study the surface soil responses only. These responses include the vertical displacements, velocities, and accelerations implied by impacts on t

This study aims to study and evaluate the surface water use of Al-Shuwaija marsh by estimating the maximum value of water flow and the volume of water revenues through the hydrological analysis of the characteristics of these marsh basins in addition to the physical analysis of the characteristics of the selected design storm. The hydrological model was created for the watersheds of the Al-Shuwaija marsh. Sixty simulations were conducted to model the Shuwaija marsh for different return periods and rainstorms, where the model was calibrated and then validated to predict the flow and volume of water using the (WMS) program. The SCS method was used to calculate the value of the total curve number (CN) based on the land use

The adsorption of copper ions onto produced activated carbon from banana peels (with particle size 250 µm) in a single component system with applying magnetic field has been studied using fixed bed adsorber. The fixed bed breakthrough curves for the copper ions were investigated. The adsorption capacity for Cu (II) was investigated. It was found that 1) the exposure distance (E.D) and strength of magnetic field (B), affected the degree of adsorption; and 2) experiments showed that removal of Cu ions and accumulative adsorption capacity of adsorbent increase as the exposure distance and strength of magnetic field increase.
 

في السنوات الأخيرة، أدى التقدم التكنولوجي في إنترنت الأشياء (IoT) وأجهزة الاستشعار الذكية إلى فتح اتجاهات جديدة وإعطاء حلول عملية في مختلف قطاعات الحياة. يتم التعرف على إنترنت الأشياء كتنولوجيا حديثة تربط بين مختلف انواع الشبكات. تم تحسين أنواع مختلفة من قطاعات الرعاية الصحية في المجال الطبي بناءً على هذه التكنولوجيا. أحد هذه القطاعات الهامة هو نظام مراقبة الصحة (HMS). تعتبر مراقبة المريض عن بعد لاسلكيًا وبتكل

The present paper deals with experimental investigation of the performance of air cooled split air conditioner, with evaporative water mist pre cooling to increase the cooling capacity and reduce the consumption power under hot and dry climate. This investigation considers how the performance can be enhanced by using water mist to pre-cool ambient air entering the condensers by adiabatic cooling process which depends on the ambient air wet bulb temperature; as well the condensing temperature and condensing pressure will be decreased accordingly. So the cooling capacity would be increased and consumption power would be decreased, consequently the energy ratio, EER would be improved. The performance of air cooled air conditioner with water

Permanent deformations (rutting) of asphalt pavements which appear in many roads in Iraq.
have caused a major impact on pavement performance by reducing the useful service life of
pavement and creating services hazards for highway users. Therefore, it is important to analyze and
investigate this type of distress.
The objectives of the present paper include; the analysis of the main contributory factors
influencing rutting, and development of statistical model for the prediction of permanent
deformation in paving materials. To achieved these objectives for the requirements of data collection. five types of gradation. (40-50) asphalt cement and different types of filler are used to prepare three hundred sixty asphalt conc

The present work investigates the effect of some of the variables in spot tungsten inert gas shielded
welding (TIG Spot) for (Aluminum-Magnesium) alloy type(5052-O) which is non–heat treatable
alloy for its wide industrial uses and applications in field of welding technology.
TIG Spot welding was performed by using tungsten electrode (EWTh2)of diameter (3.2mm) and
DC current with direct polarity (DCSP) at constant shielded gas flow rate (15litre/min).
The welded specimens were tested by using the Instron machine to determine the maximum shear
force (shear strength ) of spot welded and to define the optimum conditions of spot welding
variables in relation to the weld current, weld time and arc length of welding to

A new mathematical model for three-dimensional thin-walled curved beam element of closed
section with seven degree-of-freedom per node is derived using the finite element procedure. The
seventh degree-of-freedom is to account for warning restraint effects in thin-walled closed sections.
These effects may become significant and should be fully considered in such sections for which
warping deformations are relatively large. This model considers the coupled action due to the
curved geometry of the element using its exact static behavior in the derivation of the displacement
field. Also, the modei considers the non-uniform torsional behavior of closed thin-walled sections
in cases where additional axial direct stresses a

     In the present work effect of recycled heating and cooling on the values of concrete compressive strength due to high temperature of 400⁰C was studied.

    The tests show that the percent of reduction in compressive strength of the samples which exposed to a temperature of 400⁰C for one cycle was 32.5%, while the reduction was 52.7% for the samples which were exposed to recycled heating and cooling of ten times .      

   Moreover a study of the effect of specimen sizes on the percentages of compressive strength reduction due to high temperature

Due to the dramatic environmental impact of sulfur emissions associated with the exhaust of diesel engines, last environmental regulations for ultra-low-sulfur diesel require a very deep desulfurization (up to 15 ppm), which cannot be met by the conventional hydrodesulfurization units alone. The proposed method involves a batch ultrasound-assisted oxidative desulfurization (UAODS) of a previously hydrotreated diesel (containing 480 ppm sulfur) so as to convert the residual sulfur-bearing compounds into their corresponding highly polar oxides, which can be eliminated easily by extraction with a certain highly polar solvent. The oxidizing system utilized was H₂O₂ as an oxidant, CH₃COOH as a