Efficient operations and output of outstanding quality distinguish superior manufacturing sectors. The manufacturing process production of bending sheet metal is a form of fabrication in the industry of manufacture in which the plate is bent using punches and dies to the angle of the work design. Product quality is influenced by plate material selection, which includes thickness, type, dimensions, and material. Because no prior research has concentrated on this methodology, this research aims to determine V-bending capacity limits utilizing the press bending method. The inquiry employed finite element analysis (FEA), along with Solidworks was the tool of choice to develop drawings of design and simulations. The ASTM E290

This paper presents thermal characteristics analysis of a modified Closed Wet Cooling Tower (CWCT) based on heat and mass transfer principles to improve the performance of this tower in Iraq. A prototype of CWCT optimized by added packing was designed, manufactured and tested for cooling capacity of 9 kW. Experiments are conducted to explore the effects of various operational and conformational parameters on the thermal performance. In the test section, spray water temperature and both dry bulb temperature and relative humidity of the air measured at intermediate points of the heat exchanger and packing. Heat exchangers consist of four rows and eight columns for an inline tubes arrangement and six rows and five columns f

Theoretical trends have appeared Which posed the concept of biological structures in contemporary architecture concept, Spread through the emergence of architectural production that reflect and indicate the nature of the construction structures based on the ideas and principles of biological structures in biological science: Despite the emergence of many architectural proposals that tried to explain the concept in the field of architecture, but it is not dealt with in depth and not given a comprehensive definition: So there was need to search for the concept and its beginning in the biological field as a general framework down to the field of architecture for the purpose of reducing the limits of their search framework T

The water quality index is the most common mathematical way of monitoring water characteristics due to the reasons for the water parameters to identify the type of water and the validity of its use, whether for drinking, agricultural, or industrial purposes. The water arithmetic indicator method was used to evaluate the drinking water of the Al-Muthana project, where the design capacity was (40000) m3/day, and it consists of traditional units used to treat raw water. Based on the water parameters (Turb, TDS, TH, SO4, NO2, NO3, Cl, Mg, and Ca), the evaluation results were that the quality of drinking water is within the second category of the requirements of the WHO (86.658%) and the first category of the standard has not

An extensive program of laboratory testing was conducted on ring footing rested on gypseous soil brought from the north of Iraq (Salah El-Deen governorate) with a gypsum content of 59%. There are limited researches available, and even fewer have been done experimentally to understand how to ring footings behave; almost all the previous works only concern the behavior of ring footing under vertical loads, Moreover, relatively few studies have examined the impact of eccentric load and inclined load on such footing. In this study, a series of tests, including dry and wet tests, were carried out using a steel container (600×600×600) mm, metal ring footing (100 mm outer diameter and 40 mm inner diameter) was placed in the m

This study investigated the ability of using crushed glass solid wastes in water filtration by using a pilot plant, constructed in Al-Wathba water treatment plant in Baghdad. Different depths and different grain sizes of crushed glass were used as mono and dual media with sand and porcelaniate in the filtration process. The mathematical model by Tufenkji and Elimelech was used to evaluate the initial collection efficiency η of these filters. The results indicated that the collection efficiency varied inversely with the filtration rate. For the mono media filters the theoretical ηth values were more than the practical values ηprac calculated from
the experimental work. In the glass filter ηprac was obtained by multiplying ηth by a

This study looks into the many methods that are used in the risk assessment procedure that is used in the construction industry nowadays. As a result of the slow adoption of novel assessment methods, professionals frequently resort to strategies that have previously been validated as being successful. When it comes to risk assessment, having a precise analytical tool that uses the cost of risk as a measurement and draws on the knowledge of professionals could potentially assist bridge the gap between theory and practice. This step will examine relevant literature, sort articles according to their published year, and identify domains and qualities. Consequently, the most significant findings have been presented in a manne

In recent years, the Global Navigation Satellite Services (GNSS) technology has been frequently employed for monitoring the Earth crust deformation and movement. Such applications necessitate high positional accuracy that can be achieved through processing GPS/GNSS data with scientific software such as BERENSE, GAMIT, and GIPSY-OSIS. Nevertheless, these scientific softwares are sophisticated and have not been published as free open source software. Therefore, this study has been conducted to evaluate an alternative solution, GNSS online processing services, which may obtain this privilege freely. In this study, eight years of GNSS raw data for TEHN station, which located in Iran, have been downloaded from UNAVCO website

Ion exchange material used in this study is synthetic inorganic resin. It is Iraqi synthetic zeolite type Na-A, which was prepared from Iraqi kaolinite. The prepared zeolite pellets were solidified by heat treatment at 600oC for 3 hours. Nine radiochemical experiments were carried out on real (radioactive) samples. Five of these experiments were to study the uptake rate (sorption rate) of cobalt-60. The measured value for equilibrium time was one hour. The other experiments were carried out to obtain sorption isotherm using batch test. The product cobalt concentration was fitted to Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms as followed respectively:
x/m= 1.25 Ce / (1+6*10⁴ Ce)
x/m= 8*10-4 Ce ^0.4
Gamma spectrom

Corrosion has gained special attention due to its significance, when predicting corrosion rates. However, the complexity and variability makes it hard to model its effects. This study evaluates the usefulness of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) to predict the corrosion rate as a function of several factors which have been related in previous studies to the protectiveness of low carbon steel in sea water, i.e. Temperature, Flow rate, pH, and time. Results showed that neural networks are a powerful tool and that the validity of the results is closely linked to the amount of data available and the experience and knowledge that accompany the analysis. Statistical analysis showed that the proposed correlation has an Average Absolute Relative

Impressed current cathodic protection controlled by computer gives the ideal solution to the changes in environmental factors and long term coating degradation. The protection potential distribution achieved and the current demand on the anode can be regulated to protection criteria, to achieve the effective protection for the system.

In this paper, cathodic protection problem of above ground steel storage tank was investigated by an impressed current of cathodic protection with controlled potential of electrical system to manage the variation in soil resistivity. Corrosion controller has been implemented for above ground tank in LabView where tank's bottom potential to soil was manipulated to the desired set poi

An experimental investigation has been carried out for zinc-nickel (Zn-Ni) electro-deposition using the constant applied current technique. Weight difference approach method was used to determine the cathode current efficiency and deposit thickness. Also, the influence effect of current density on the deposition process, solderability, and porosity of the plating layer in microelectronic applications were examined. The bath temperature effect on nickel composition and the form of the contract was studied using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Moreover, elemental nature of the deposition was analyzed by Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX).     

It has been found that the best bath temperature

Biodiesel production process was attracted more attention recently due to the surplus quantity of glycerol (G) as a byproduct from the process. Glycerol Utilization must take in to consideration to fix this issue also, to ensure biodiesel industry sustainability. Highly amount of Glycerol converted to more benefit material Glycerol carbonate (GC) was one of the most allurement compound derived from glycerol by transesterification of glycerol with dimethyl carbonate (DMC). Various parameters have highly impact on transesterification was investigated like catalyst loading (1-5) %wt., molar ratio of DMC: glycerol (5:1 – 1:1), reaction time (30 - 150) min and temperature (40 – 80) ᴼC. The Optimum glycerol carbonate yie

The aerodynamic characteristics of general three-dimensional rectangular wings are considered using non-linear interaction between two-dimensional viscous-inviscid panel method and vortex ring method. The potential flow of a two-dimensional airfoil by the pioneering Hess & Smith method was used with viscous laminar, transition and turbulent boundary layer to solve flow about complex configuration of airfoils including stalling effect. Viterna method was used to extend the aerodynamic characteristics of the specified airfoil to high angles of attacks. A modified vortex ring method was used to find the circulation values along span wise direction of the wing and then interacted with sectional circulation obtained by Kutta-Joukowsky the

The estimation of recharge to ground water is the important basics to improve the use of ground water with other available resources, and to save ground water resource from depletion, especially when using large quantity of ground water during a long time such as for agricultural purposes. Al-Wand River Basin in Iraq suffers from water shortage of its requirement of Blajo–Al-Wand Project, and to cover this shortage, the ground water plays a good role to overcome this problem. In this study, three methods were used to estimate the recharge and ground water storage for Al-Wand Basin, these methods are: Water Table Fluctuation (WTF), Water Balance of Climatic for Basin, and Water Table Balance for Basin. The results showe

Atmospheric residue fluid catalytic cracking was selected as a probe reaction to test the catalytic performance of modified NaY zeolites and prepared NaY zeolites. Modified NaY zeolites have been synthesized by simple ion exchange methods. Three samples of modified zeolite Y have been obtained by replacing the sodium ions in the original sample with lanthanum and the weight percent added are 0.28, 0.53, and 1.02 respectively. The effects of addition of lanthanum to zeolite Y in different weight percent on the cracking catalysts were investigated using an experimental laboratory plant scale of fluidized bed reactor.

The experiments have been performed with weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) range of 6 to 24 h

Heat transfer rates of a single horizontal finned tube immersed in water –filled enclosure tilted at
30 degrees are measured .The results serve as a baseline case for a solar water heating system with a heat exchanger immersed in integral collector storage. Tests were made with both adiabatic and uniform heat flux boundary conditions. Natural convection flow in enclosure is interpreted from measured water temperature distributions. Formation of an appropriate temperature difference that drives natural convection is determined .Correlations for the overall heat transfer coefficient in terms of the Nusselt and Rayleigh numbers are reduced to the form Nu=0.716 Ra ^0.247 Based on the diameter of the immersed tube .Comparis

The applications of mobile robots in rescue scenarios, surviving to search, and exploration for outdoor navigation have received increasing attention due to their promising prospects. In this paper, a simulation of a differential wheeled mobile robot was presented, implementing a Global Positioning System (GPS) data points to specified starting points, final destination, and total error.

In this work, a simple kinematic controller for polar coordinate trajectory tracking is developed. The tracking between two points, pose to pose, was specified by using the GPS data points. After that, the geodesy (GEO) formulation was used to convert the geodesy coordinate to Euclidean or polar coordinate. The Haversine equation

This research is devoted to investigating the thermal buckling analysis behaviour of laminated composite plates subjected to uniform and non-uniform temperature fields by applying an analytical model based on a refined plate theory (RPT) with five unknown independent variables. The theory accounts for the parabolic distribution of the transverse shear strains through the plate thickness and satisfies the zero-traction boundary condition on the surface without using shear correction factors; hence a shear correction factor is not required. The governing differential equations and associated boundary conditions are derived by using the virtual work principle and solved via Navier-type analytical procedure to obtain critica

Casting defects are ones of the important problems occurring in the casting process .The large number of the defects make the diagnosis of them difficult and depend on the inspector experience and his information of the defects property. This diagnostic perhaps being wrong and not accurate. Therefore in this research an inclusive program through information system was designed to diagnose the defects and its causes then put the suggested remedy, this program contains four methods to recognize the defects in castings .The methods are 1.Use selection of the listed property of the defects 2.Benefit from the pictures of defects to diagnose the defect. 3. The questions and answers method .4.Combo box that contains all the defects name .The la

Face Identification is an important research topic in the field of computer vision and pattern recognition and has become a very active research area in recent decades. Recently multiwavelet-based neural networks (multiwavenets) have been used for function approximation and recognition, but to our best knowledge it has not been used for face Identification. This paper presents a novel approach for the Identification of human faces using Back-Propagation Adaptive Multiwavenet. The proposed multiwavenet has a structure similar to a multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network with three layers, but the activation function of hidden layer is replaced with multiscaling functions. In experiments performed on the ORL face database it achieved a

The present study examines the extraction of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and nickel (Ni) from   a contaminated soil by washing process. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (Na₂EDTA) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution were used as extractants.  Soil washing is one of the most suitable in-situ/ ex-situ remediation method in removing heavy metals. Soil was artificially contaminated with 500 mg/kg (Pb , Cd and Ni ).  A set of batch experiments were carried out at different conditions of  extractant concentration , contact time, pH and agitation speed. The results  showed  that the  maximum removal efficiencies  of (Cd, Pb  and Ni ) were (97, 88 and 24 )&nbs

A numerical investigation of the non-cavitating and cavitating performance of a three-blade pump inducer under nominal and off-design operating conditions is presented. Three different simulated hydrofoils; a flat plate, “NACA0004", and "Clark-Y-6%" has been selected to represent the profile of the inducer blade. A 2D, steady, incompressible, turbulent, and isothermal flow field between the inducer blades is simulated using the FVM. The "Interface Tracking" model is selected to predict the cavity profile of the attached cavitation and the cavitating performance drop. For each blade profile, the influence of solidity in the range of (1.8 to 3.0) and blade angle in the range of (20° to 35°) on the inducer performance is studied. Compar

A numerical investigation was conducted to study the effect of simulated ice accreted on airfoil
aerodynamics performance. The simulated ice shapes were tested on NACA 0012 airfoil wing at
different Mach numbers. The study includes the one of the famous types of ice accreted on the
airfoils called the rime ice.
The calculation of ice droplet trajectories was performed by solving the trajectories governing equations of the droplet using FVM. A numerical model based on staggered FVM is built up to solve the governing equations of a body fitted grid, trajectories equation, continuity equation and momentum equation using FORTRAN 97. The turbulence model of (k-ε) has been adopted in the programming to evaluate the turbulence effe

يتناول البحث موضوع إيجاد أبنية كفوءة مناخياً تتميز أغلفتها البنائية بديناميكية عالية تمكنها من التفاعل والتكامل بتغير المواسم في منطقتنا الحارة - الجافة، إذ أن إستيراد الأفكار المعمارية وظهور التقنيات الجديدة أفرز توجهاً فكرياً وعمرانياً يتعارض وأدنى خصائص هذه المنطقة بيئياً وعمرانياً، ومن ثم نشوء عمارة غير منتمية للواقع البيئي المحيط بها فوقفت على مفترق طرق بين عدم مراعاة البيئة ومجاراة الفكر الغربي و

Dental records recently used in forensic medicine to help in human identification, based mainly on radiograph images. The aim of our study is to automate this process, using image analysis and pattern recognition techniques. Postmortem radiographs, including dental radiographs, with a database of ante mortem radiographs searching, in order to get the closest match with respect to some distinct features. Contours of teeth are used as the feature for matching, since they remain more invariant over time compared to some other features of the body. The work ineludes two stages: radiograph segmentation, with pixel classification, and contour matching Probability model is used to describe the distribution of object pixels in the image. Results

The performance of thermal storage porous wall with vents (gravel material) is analyzed for
passive solar heating system under Baghdad climatic conditions by comparing it with conventional
wall (Concrete wall) for a variety of control strategies. The variation has been calculated during a
period of heating season for three months from December (1999) to February (2000) by using
computer simulation with MATLAB language (Ver.6.5). A mathematical model containing the
governing differential equations of heat transfer through the wall and glazing under unsteady heat flow
was performed by using “control volume” technique to obtain the temperature distribution within the
wall. The study was carried out for a south facin

This work includes a numerical investigation of steady two dimensional laminar natural
convection heat transfer in glazed rectangular enclosure at different tilt angles ranged from (0o
to 90o) for Rayleigh number (103-106), aspect ratios(4,5, and 8),and Prandtl number (0.7). The
study considers the effect of different boundary conditions on the heat transfer within the
enclosure. The continuity equation, Navier-Stokes equations and the energy equation are
solved by developing a numerical model based on finite volume method using SIMPLE
algorithm with hybrid scheme to compute the velocity vectors, temperature, pressure, and
Nusselt No. (local and average). Results show an increase in heat transfer rate with increasing

In this paper existing group technology techniques are reviewed and an alternative method using probabilistic approach to machine-components grouping in cellular manufacturing systems is introduced where it is based on production flow analysis, which uses routing information. A common feature of this approach is that it sequentially rearranges row and columns of the machine part incidence matrix according to predefined index and block diagonal is generated. The steps of this method are to assign the 1's in each row and column a probability weight, which alternately rearranged in descending order until a block diagonal matrix is created. It does not need to decide in advance, the number of required cells. It also overcomes the limitation

Friction stir spot welding (FSSW) is a promising solid state joining process and is widely being
considered for automotive industry. In this work mechanical properties of friction stir spot welded joints were investigated for ISO(426/1CuZn10) copper alloy. The effect of main welding parameters were studied including, welding tool rotational speed, preheat time (15, 30)s , plunging time (10,30)s , dwell time 10 s ,plunging depth (0.7,0.8) mm. Group of matrices of welding parameters were used to study the effect of each parameter on properties of welded joints. Series of (FSSW) experiments were conducted using manual drilling machine. Effect of welding parameters on mechanical properties of welded joints were investigated using tensile