Due to the great evolution in digital commercial cameras, several studies have addressed the using of such cameras in different civil and close-range applications such as 3D models generation. However, previous studies have not discussed a precise relationship between a camera resolution and the accuracy of the models generated based on images of this camera. Therefore the current study aims to evaluate the accuracy of the derived 3D buildings models captured by different resolution cameras. The digital photogrammetric methods were devoted to derive 3D models using the data of various resolution cameras and analyze their accuracies. This investigation involves selecting three different resolution cameras (low, medium and

         This study involves the design of 24 mixtures of fiber reinforced magnetic reactive powder concrete containing nano silica. Tap water was used for 12 of these mixtures, while magnetic water was used for the others. The nano silica (NS) with ratios (1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3) % by weight of cement, were used for all the mixtures. The results have shown that the mixture containing 2.5% NS gives the highest compressive strength at age 7 days. Many different other tests were carried out, the results have shown that the carbon fiber reinforced magnetic reactive powder concrete containing 2.5% NS (CFRMRPCCNS) had higher compressive strength, modulus of rupture, splitting tension, str

This paper discusses an optimal path planning algorithm based on an Adaptive Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm (AMOPSO) for two case studies. First case, single robot wants to reach a goal in the static environment that contain two obstacles and two danger source. The second one, is improving the ability for five robots to reach the shortest way. The proposed algorithm solves the optimization problems for the first case by finding the minimum distance from initial to goal position and also ensuring that the generated path has a maximum distance from the danger zones. And for the second case, finding the shortest path for every robot and without any collision between them with the shortest time. In ord

إن انبعاثات الكاربون المصاحبة للبناء والكلفة الباهظة لمواد البناء الخام إضافة الى مخاطر ندرتها في المستقبل جميعها تهدد الاستدامة وتلحق الضرر بالبيئة. عليه، تسعى العديد من الدول برسم استراتيجيات حديثة للبيئة الخضراء من خلال اعتماد مواد معاد تدويرها وصديقة للبيئة في البناء بما في ذلك مخلفات الخشب أو نشارة الخشب. يقدم البحث الحالي مراجعة لأهم الدراسات المتميزة والطرق الواعدة المتعلقة بتوظيف نشارة الخشب في

Human activities such as mining, industrial operations and waste management can lead to soil pollution by heavy metals including chromium, cadmium, mercury, lead and arsenic. These contaminants cause harm both to humans and the ecosystems where they are found. Of all the previously used techniques, phytoremediation is the most promising one for cleaning up heavy metal-contaminated soils. Phytoremediation refers to a technique where plants use roots for absorbing, storing and immobilizing soil contaminants while also removing them. Bioleaching is a method which uses microorganisms to dissolve metals that have been shown to facilitate phytoextraction in increasing the availability of metals. It is anticipated that researc

Growth of cities made Urban Designers and Planners determine to the extent that need to
knew solutions appear to maintain and analyze data, especially regarding dealing with 3D
geometrical information and concepts integration on building them to enable analysis and ensure
3D rapid visualization as complication and mutual relations among various data types (3D spatial
and non -spatial) and users vary greatly that current information systems face difficulty in dealing
with, analyses and completing them, confusing the process of Urban Planning and conduct
nowadays rather than a decade ago; it was necessary to set an attempt to combine available
technology components and develop new concepts to conclude a system that mee

Weirs are hydraulic structures built across open channels to measure the flow and raise the water level. A sharp-crested weir is one type of weir of different configurations. Local scour at the downstream of hydraulic structures is a problem that affects their safety and stability. The credibility of the estimation of maximum scour depth is debated in many published studies. In this study, an experimental work was conducted to investigate the impact of flow rates on maximum scour depth downstream of a sharp-crested weir. The weir model was calibrated before it was used in the discharge measurement. The value of the weir coefficient of discharge was found to be 0.633. The experiments were conducted on a plexiglass model o

Most prime movers have vibrational problems due to the inherent unbalance in the engines. The unbalance may be due to faulty design or poor manufacture. Naturally, the structures designed to support heavy centrifugal machines, like motors, turbines and reciprocating pumps, are also subjected to vibration. In all these situations, the structure or machine component subject to vibration can fail because of material fatigue resulting from the cyclic variation of the induced stress. Furthermore, the vibration causes more rapid wear of machine parts such as bearings and gears and also creates excessive noise.This research is an example in the field of reducing as much as possible the vibration. To accomplish this, a digital instrument, based

In this paper ,a new idea to combine Adjusted Step Size Least Mean Square (ASSLMS) algorithm with standard LMS active tap detection technique is presented .Then the combined method is used for estimating unknown time-invariant (stationary) and time varying (non- stationary) Finite Impulse Response (FIR) channel for adaptive noise cancellation (ANC) application. The focus of this paper is to improve the convergence rate and low level of the error in the steady state for the popular LMS adaptive filter. The simulation results have shown improvement on the convergence rate using the combined technique over both the ASSLMS algorithm and standard LMS active tap detection technique if they are used alone.

Rotating fan shaft system was investigated experimentally and theoretically to study its dynamic performance. The type of oil used for the bearing was taken in consideration during the experimental program .Three types of oil were used, SAE 40, SAE 50 and degraded oil. During the experiments, the fan blades stagger angle was changed through angles (20˚, 30˚, 40˚, and 50˚). The shaft rotational speed also changed in the range of (0-3000 rpm). All these parameters have investigated for two cases (balanced and unbalanced fan). The performance parameters of the fan were found experimentally by measuring the fan, volume flow rate, Reynolds and Strouhal numbers, efficiency and pressure head. Analytical part was also represented to prepare

This study focuses for improving the increase the solubility of fiber cellulose in sodium hydroxide solution in concentrations ranging from (4- 12%), from one point of view and from other point of view in (sodium hydroxide and urea) solution concentration (6% NaOH + 4% urea), under  low temperature (- 15, - 20 C^o) , depending on the principle of  reducing the degree of polymerization for  fiber cellulose, which is represented in our tests cotton linter who its represent  (Whatman filter paper, Grade 1), some samples subjected to chemical pretreatment as simulation the method of decomposition of cellulosic materials by white or brown fungi that grow on trees, this method involves the use of

The most significant challenges wireless broadcasting systems face are channel effects and Inter Symbol Interference (ISI). Many different kinds of channel coding are employed to get around these issues. Digital Video Broadcasting for Satellite Telecommunication Second Generation (DVB-S2) uses a serial concatenation of Bose, Ray-Chaudhuri, and Hocquenghem (BCH) code and Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) code as a Forward Error Correction (FEC) for error detection purpose and correction. In this work, a MATLAB code (m-files) is constructed to simulate the standard DVB-S2 Bit-Interleaved Coded Modulation (BICM) system according to the ETSI Technical Report (EN 302 307 1). Then, the traditional design is redesigned with a Par

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The stresses and deflections in robot arm was analyzed using ANSYS software package. Industrial robot analyzed in this work consists of three arms that have 2-DOF. The analysis of each
arm had been made separately. The maximum stress and deflection have been analyzed for a static applied at one end of the arm while has the other end fixed. Links of various cross-sections having same masses, length, and material properties to make a choice of the shape that gives a high stiffness to weight ratio have been examined. After specifying the best section for the arms of the robot an optimization process began to determine the dimensions of the arms sections which give the least deformation this had been done by the aid of a program build u

This investigation is concerned with the linear alkylbenzene production reaction by the alkylation of benzene with long chain olefins C10-C13 over various prepared solid acid catalysts. The alkylation process was studied at different reaction temperature, Weight hourly space velocities and with constant pressure and benzene/olefin ratio. The liquid-phase of alkylation of benzene with olefins carried out over prepared
tungstophosphoric acid supported on SiO2 with 5, 10, 20 and 30 wt. % loading catalysts in a fixed bed reactor. Prepared tungstophosphoric acid supported over silica catalyst with 30 % loading gave the highest conversion of olefin to linear alkylbenzene (94% conversion) at 398K and 5h-1. The study of the kinetics of benzen

the concept of limit equilibrium and enab e only the calculation of the critical height or the minimum factor of safety of a slope. These methods are not usually concerned with the stress distribution within a slope either above or below assumed surfaces of failure. This task can be done through the finite element method. In this paper, this method is used for the analysis of embankments. It was found that a good agreement could be obtained between the simple non-linear elastic-plastic finite element analysis, adopted in this paper, and sophisticated analyses which deal with plastic behavior of soils. This can be done when choosing the appropriate material parameters.

A novel method in induction heating is presented. The winding of the excitation coil is helical and of three –
phase type while the charge is cylindrical. This heating system is compared with the classical induction heating
system of the circular coil type with cylindrical charge and single – phase excitation. The study shows the merits
of the proposed new system over the conventional one. The multi – layer theory approach is adopted for the
analysis of helical winding induction heating system which is an analytical method.

      The service system has become a necessity of life in modern cities to be the most basic necessities of modern humans, they constitute a major base, which is based on the sustainability of life in the city and a standard measured through the degree of well-being and progress of civilized peoples and their interaction with the surrounding environment, making the services sector as a need not be an option, whenever the cities widened in population and space whenever provision of services and upgrading the quality and quantity more pressing, which made the subject of the services takes the biggest area of the trends and thinking of urban planners and those who in charge of drawing the cities policies. Consideri

Buildings such as malls, offices, airports and hospitals nowadays have become very complicated which increases the need for a solution that helps people to find their locations in these buildings. GPS or cell signals are commonly used for positioning in an outdoor environment and are not accurate in indoor environment. Smartphones are becoming a common presence in our daily life, also the existing infrastructure, the Wi-Fi access points, which is commonly available in most buildings, has motivated this work to build hybrid mechanism that combines the APs fingerprint together with smartphone barometer sensor readings, to accurately determine the user position inside building floor relative to well-known lan

This study focuses on the simulation of the bed change and total sediment concentration in the Al-Musayyab Canal, which is a vital irrigation system located in the central region of Iraq, using HEC-RAS V 6.3 software. The 49.5 km canal, with 13 branches, faces challenges from sediment influx originating from the Euphrates River. The primary objective is to analyze sedimentation, erosion patterns, and sediment discharge variations to support effective canal management. Field sampling collected suspended and bed load samples for laboratory tests, providing input data for the sediment transport model. Simulation results show steady flow water surface elevations ranging from 26.32 to 33.16 m.a.s.l, with velocities from 0.24

This paper presents a method to organize memory chips when they are used to build memory systems that have word size wider than 8-bit. Most memory chips have 8-bit word size. When the memory system has to be built from several memory chips of various sizes, this method gives all possible organizations of these chips in the memory system. This paper also suggests a precise definition of the term “memory bank” that is usually used in memory systems. Finally, an illustrative design problem was taken to illustrate the presented method practically

Thermohydraulic computer codes such as COBRA3C are now becoming in practical use as part of power plant licensing process. One of the areas of interest to reactor designer is the effect due to longterm operations and the changes that might occur either due to irradiation (burnup) effects or thermal stresses in the reactor. The present study is an attempt to predict coolant channel temperature profiles at the core End Of Life. In addition deeper insight is given to the individual single partial contribution to the changes in Begin Of Life and End Of Life profiles. The effects due to fuel swelling, rod bowing, and changes in physical properties are studied in details using COBRA3C code. The codes COBRA3C and the kinetic code AIREKMOD toget

Baghdad Metro is a vital project to fulfill the rapidly increased traffic volume requirements. The proposed metro will connect both sides of Baghdad City, passing under the Tigris River. This study is employed finite elements software (PLAXIS 3D) to evaluate the seepage force developed around the sub-river segment during different construction stages and for other water levels of Tigris. The study found that when the water level changes from maximum to minimum, the developed seepage force decreases by (8 to 13%) and (22 to 27%) respectively. The seepage forces were found to be maximum during the excavation stage. The concrete lining process led to a noticeable reduction in seepage forces at all locations. The study also

The variation in the seepage under hydraulic structures significantly impacts their stability and effective water management, especially considering recent water scarcity challenges. This paper aims to calculate seepage and investigate the hydraulic performance of the Al-Hilla canal regulator's foundation. The methodology involves constructing a model (SEEP/W) and comparing its results with one-site piezometer readings. Using a mixed-methods approach, this study integrates software modelling and statistical analysis techniques. This study integrates software modelling and statistical analysis techniques. The Geo-studio program facilities modelling of seepage flow, while JASP software is used for statistical analysis and

Enhancing the properties of reactive powder concrete (RPC) by developing the internal structure or making replacements or additions to the aggregates is becoming a prevalent method to obtain RPC with desired properties, which it can be used in numerous applications in the construction industry. Pozzolanic active constituents are used in large quantities to reach the desired properties, but on the other hand, these methods are still not sustainable and could be expensive. This study explores methods of curing RPC that affect compressive strength and other mechanical properties. This study briefly describes how RPC's internal structure and mechanical properties are enhanced. The core objective of this study is to review th

Talking about the construction industry, they frequently characterized by risk, where most of the construction projects involved in the property being fraught with risks and uncertainty, and this is due to the complexity of the industry and the length of the project, and the large number of parties that have a relationship with them. The risks in the projects is a reality that can not be neglected or ignored or canceled, but must be managed properly and so transferred, distributed or transferred, and in any case be required to avoid the impact (if possible) or reduce the losses caused them to a minimum.
It is noted that the bulk of the claims between the contracting parties arising from those risks where those claims either extension

An experimental and theoretical investigation of the effect of flow separation on the performance
of a cascade NACA 65_(12)10 axial compressor blade has been carried out. The experimental work
includes the fabrication of three blades from wood, each having a chord (100mm) but one of these blades having a span of (90mm) for smoke tunnel testing and the other two blades having a span of (380mm) for wind tunnel testing.The two blades were connected by suitable mechanism in order to be fixed in the wind tunnel protractor and rotated in the required stagger angle. The cascade was tested in an open type low-speed subsonic (Mach number=0.117) wind tunnel, for Reynolds number (Re=239605) based on maximum velocity (35 m/s) and airfoil c

The aim of this research is to develop mechanical properties of a new aluminium-lithium-copper alloy. This alloy prepared under control atmosphere by casting in a permanent metal mould. The microstructure was examined and mechanical properties were tested before and after heat treatment to study the influence of heat treatment on its mechanical properties including; modulus of elasticity, tensile strength, impact, and fatigue. The results showed that the modulus of elasticity of the prepared alloy is higher than standard alloy about 2%. While the alloy that heat treated for 6 h and cooled in water, then showed a higher ultimate tensile stress comparing with as-cast alloy. The homogenous heat treatment gives best fatigue

The regression analysis process is used to study and predicate the surface response by using the design of experiment (DOE) as well as roughness calculation through developing a mathematical model. In this study; response surface methodology and the particular solution technique are used. Design of experiment used a series of the structured statistical analytic approach to investigate the relationship between some parameters and their responses. Surface roughness is one of the important parameters which play an important role. Also, its found that the cutting speed can result in small effects on surface roughness. This work is focusing on all considerations to make interaction between the parameters (position of influenc

This research is carried out to investigate the behavior of self-compacting concrete (SCC) two-way slabs with central square opening under uniformly distributed loads. The experimental part of this research is based on casting and testing six SCC simply supported square slabs having the same dimentions and reinforcement. One of these slabs was cast without opening as a control slab. While, the other five slabs having opening ratios (O_R) of 2.78%, 6.25%, 11.11%, 17.36% and 25.00%. From the experimental results it is found that the maximum percentage decrease in cracking and ultimate uniform loads were 31.82% and 12.17% compared to control slab for opening ratios (O_R