This study aims to assess the water quality index (WQI) according to the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment's Water Quality Index method (CCME WQI). Four locations (measurement stations) are selected along the Tigris River, in Iraq.  Two of them are located in the north near Mosul City, (Mosul Dam and Mosul city), and the other two are located in the south near Al-Amarah city, (Ali Garbi and Al-Amarah). The water data collected is for the period 2011 to 2013, including eleven water quality parameters. These are magnesium (Mg⁺²), calcium (Ca²⁺), potassium (K⁺), sodium (Na⁺), sulfate (SO₄^2-), chloride (Cl^-), nitrate (NO₃<

Biosorption of cadmium ions from simulated wastewater using rice husk was studied with initial concentration of 25 mg/l. Equilibrium isotherm was studied using Langmuir, Freundlich, BET and Timken models. The results show that the Freundlich isotherm is the best fit model to describe this process with high determination coefficient equals to 0.983. There was a good compliance between the experimental and theoretical results. Highest removal efficiency 97% was obtained at 2.5g of adsorbent, pH 6 and contact time 100 min.

Heat transfer around a flat plate fin integrated with piezoelectric actuator used as oscillated fin in laminar flow has been studied experimentally utilizing thermal image camera. This study is performed
for fixed and oscillated single and triple fins. Different substrate-fin models have been tested, using fins of (35mm and 50mm) height, two sets of triple fins of (3mm and 6mm) spacing and three frequencies
applied to piezoelectric actuator (5, 30 and 50HZ). All tests are carried out for (0.5 m/s and 3m/s) in subsonic open type wind tunnel to evaluate temperature distribution, local and average Nusselt number (Nu) along the fin. It is observed, that the heat transfer enhancement with oscillation is significant compared to without o

Traditional methods of dealing with finding the relationship between the inputs data of simulation models and the outputs data fail or takes a long time to find this relationship. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have the ability to learn complex relationships between inputs and outputs. Their use can greatly enhance simulation models and allow for more accurate representations of real life scenarios.This paper is concerned with the application of the mechanism of integrating simulation models with artificial neural network (ANN) model. This mechanism was tested by integrating simulation models of re-tubing heat exchangers line (RTHEL) with ANN model to schedule entering exchangers to inside retubing workshop. The result of applying thi

conventional FCM algorithm does not fully utilize the spatial information in the image. In this research, we use a FCM algorithm that incorporates spatial information into the membership function for clustering. The spatial function is the summation of the membership functions in the neighborhood of each pixel under consideration. The advantages of the method are that it is less
sensitive to noise than other techniques, and it yields regions more homogeneous than those of other methods. This technique is a powerful method for noisy image segmentation. 

The study presents the test results of stabilizing gypseous soil embankment obtained from
Al- Faluja university Campus at Al-Ramady province. The laboratory investigation was divided
into three phases, The physical and chemical properties, the optimum liquid asphalt (emulsion)
requirements (which are manufactured in Iraq) were determined by using one dimensional
unconfined compression strength test.in the first phase , The optimum fluid content was 11%
(6% of emulsion with 5% water content).. At phase two, the effect of Aeration technique was
investigated using both direct shear and permeability test. At phase three for the case of static
load , the pure soil embankment model under dry test condition was investigated

Experience with Bishop's method, using the shear strength parameters c and obtained fron triaxial compression tests seems to indicate that the values of the safety factor obtained in this way are relatively large. This is sometimes compensated by using shear strength parameters obtained from direct shear tests, simple shear tests, or classical cell tests, which usually lead to smaller values of c and . A solution for the difficulty mentioned above may be the notion that the simple Coulomb formula does not take into account that failure may occur on a plane perpendicular to the global slip surface, with an additional rotation to result in global slip parallel to the slip surface, i.e. double sliding failure model.The essential step in dev

A new concrete rheometer is introduced including its innovation, actual design, working rules,
calibration, and reliability. A modified design of Tattersall two-point device is created. Some of
components are purchased from local and foreign markets, while other components and the
manufacturing process are locally fabricated. The matching viscosity method of determining the mixer
viscometer constants is demonstrated and followed to relate torque and rotational speed to yield stress
and viscosity (Bingham parameters). The calibration procedures and its calculation are explained.
Water is used as a Newtonian fluid, while; cement paste (cement + water) with w/c ratio equal to
(0.442) is used as a non-Newtonian fluid. Th

       The effects of the permeation cement grout with fly ash on the sandy soil skeleton were studied in the present work in two phase; first phase the shear strength parameters, and the second phase effect of these grouted materials on volume grouted zone by injection (51) cm³ of slurry in sandy soil placed in steel cylinder model with dimension 15 cm in diameter and 30 cm in height. The soil sample was obtained from Karbala city and it is classified as poorly graded sand (SP) according to USCS. The soil samples were improved by cement grout with three percentages weight of water cement ratio (w:c); (0.1w:0.9c, 0.8w:0.2c, and 0.7w:0.3c), while the soil samples were dehydrated for one day

This paper provides the result of an investigation to use of crushed clay brick as
aggregates in producing concrete. Eight different crushed clay brick aggregate concretes were
used in this investigation. Compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and pulse velocity of
crushed clay brick aggregates concrete were determined and compare to natural aggregate
concrete. The compressive strength of crushed clay brick aggregates concretes were always
lower than the compressive strength of natural aggregates concrete regardless the age of
concrete, but the crushed clay brick aggregates concrete showed better performance as the age of
concrete increases and average reduction in compressive strength were 33.5% at the age

Simplifying formulas that are used for calculations and design are the aim of researchers. For present work, the approach to distinguish the flow under sluice gate was conducted in a laboratory. The extensive experimental program was done to collect fifty-four data points for both free and submerged flow conditions. The data included different discharges, gate openings, flow depths at upstream as well as the flow depths represent a tail water and at a contracted section for downstream. The collected data are analyzed according to a problematic that may encounter in the field, to present a more straightforward (but with acceptable accurate) practical features equations and charts. Based on the proposed formulas, five meth

This research is carried out to investigate the externally post-tensioning technique for strengthening RC beams. In this research, four T-section  RC beams having the same dimensions and material properties were casted and tested up to failure by applying two mid-third concentrated loads. Three of these beams are strengthened by using external tendons, while the remaining beam is kept without strengthening as a control beam. Two external strands of 12 mm diameter were fixed at each side of the web of the strengthened beams and located at depth of 200 mm from top fiber of the section (d_ps). So that the depth of strands to overall depth of the section ratio (d_ps

A fuzzy recognition model for some handwritten Arabic alphabet is designed. This fuzzy model could be envisaged as an algorithm which is structured over two concepts. First; the handwritten character variation is modeled by the fuzziness of the feature vector's elements. Second; the notion of entropy is fuzzily modified to extract the amount of information in the elements within the feature vector so as to speed up the recognition process. Consequently, a fuzzy recognition graph of the optimum paths decision tree is designed for the handwritten Arabic alphabet character's recognition.

Root-finding is an oldest classical problem, which is still an important research topic, due to its impact on computational algebra and geometry. In communications systems, when the impulse response of the channel is minimum phase the state of equalization algorithm is reduced and the spectral efficiency will improved. To make the channel impulse response minimum phase the prefilter which is called minimum phase filter is used, the adaptation of the minimum phase filter need root finding algorithm. In this paper, the VHDL implementation of the root finding algorithm introduced by Clark and Hau is introduced.
VHDL program is used in the work, to find the roots of two channels and make them minimum phase, the obtained output results are

The possibility of using zero-valent iron as permeable reactive barrier in removing lead from a contaminated groundwater was investigated. In the batch tests, the effects of many parameters such as contact time between adsorbate and adsorbent (0-240 min), initial pH of the solution (4-8), sorbent dosage (1-12 g/100 mL), initial metal concentration (50-250 mg/L), and agitation speed
(0-250 rpm) were studied. The results proved that the best values of these parameters achieve the maximum removal efficiency of Pb+2 (=97%) were 2 hr, 5, 5 g/100 mL, 50 mg/L and 200 rpm respectively. The sorption data of Pb+2 ions on the zero-valent iron have been performed well by Langmuir isotherm model in compared with Freundlich model under the studied

Experiments were carried out to study the local and average heat transfer by natural convection in
a vertical concentric cylindrical annulus. The experimental setup consists of an annulus has a radius ratio of 0.555 and inner cylinder with a heated length 1.2m subjected to the constant heat flux while the outer cylinder is subjected to the ambient temperature. The investigation covers heat flux range from 58.2 W/m2 to 274.31 W/m2. Results show an increase in the natural convection as heat flux increases leads to an improve in the heat transfer process. An empirical equation of average Nusselt number as a function of Raylieh number was deduced

The main source of water supply in Iraq is the surface water, especially Tigris and Euphrates Rivers and their tributaries. In the recent years there was a great drop in the water levels of Tigris River within Baghdad City which had affected the operation of twelve water supply projects located on the banks of Tigris River in Baghdad City, due to significant climate changes, and the expansion of hydraulic construction (dams) and implementation of new irrigation projects in Turkey, these factors have greatly reduced the water flowrates of river by about 46%. In the present study the flow characteristics of Tigris River within Baghdad City was studied, the reach involved was about 49km in which it represents the urban zone

The performance analyses of 15 kWp (kW peak) Grid -Tied solar PV system (that considered first of its type) implemented at the Training and Energy Research Center Subsidiary of Iraqi Ministry of Electricity in Baghdad city has been achieved. The system consists of 72 modules arranged in 6 strings were each string contains 12 modules connected in series to increase the voltage output while these strings connected in parallel to increase the current output. According to the observed duration, the reference daily yields, array daily yields and final daily yields of this system were (5.9, 4.56, 4.4) kWh/kWp/day respectively. The energy yield was 1585 kWh/kWp/year while the annual total solar irradiation received by solar array system was 198

Process capability provides a quantitative measure for gasoline production conformance to specifications.It was measured throughout four consecutive months of the last quarter of 2011. Results revealed high percentages (up to 44%) of non conforming gasoline blends to Iraqi marketing specifications for petroleum products (2000) by inspecting 122 different samples of Iraqi regular gasoline (RON 85).
Quality cost analysis as an important financial control tool was carried out to evaluate Cost of Quality (COQ) which was large due to non conforming gasoline reached up to (722.8 M.ID) in October. In this research COQ was investigated in order to identify the opportunities of gasoline quality improvements through production process. Also cus

Experimental programs based test results has been used as a means to find out the response of individual elements of structure. In the present study involves investigated behavior of five reinforced concrete deep beams of dimension (length 1200 x height 300 x width150mm) under two points concentrated load with shear span to depth ratio of (1.52), four of these beams with hallow core and
retrofit with carbon fiber reinforced polymer CFRP (with single or double or sides Strips). Two shapes of hallow are investigated (circle and square section) to evaluated the response of beams in case experimental behavior. Test on simply supported beam was performed in the laboratory & loaddeflection, strain of concrete data and crack pattern of

Modern methods to improve soil must deal with sustainable and green building purposes, and precipitated calcite is the most modern bio-cementation method to improve soil sustainably. Enzyme-induced calcite precipitation and microbially-induced calcite precipitation are precipitated calcite's best branches in bio-cemented soil improvement. EICP and MICP contain calcium chloride, urea, water, urease enzyme and other chemical materials (for MICP As nutrients for bacteria) that are mixed together to precipitate calcium carbonate in the soil. The precipitated calcium carbonate was worked as a binder between soil particles, filling the void and improving the soil's properties. By utilizing this technique in the field, several

This research is concerned with defining specific analytical terms that could be used in observing the architectural product from a technological view point. This was achieved by founding an inclusive analytical structure for architectural technology based on the 
view of technology philosopher Carl Mitcham, who states that technology, at a given time and place, could be observed through its four manifestations: Objects, Process, Knowledge and Volition. The research has showed that these manifestations  define architectural technology as the actual context within which relations between components of these manifestations emerge, get organized and change. Five analytical terms have been induced: materials and their processing

This paper presents a proposed method for speed estimation of asynchronous motor in Direct Torque Control (DTC) system, based on a new architecture of multi-basis wavenet model. Such multi-basis model utilizes multi-set daughter wavelets. Firstly, the structure and training algorithm of the proposed method is discussed. The descent gradient method is used to fulfill both system structure and parameters initialization. Secondly, the proposed speed estimator and the DTC asynchronous motor are combined based on stator current signal and the motor speed is then estimated online with the operation of the system. Finally, the effectiveness of this method is proved by simulation carried out using Matlab/Simulink library and compared with the ac

The separation of lead ions from wastewater was carried out in an electrocoagulation cell which has a set of electrodes, aluminum anode and stainless steel cathode. The effect of several working parameters such as pH, current density, initial lead concentration, electrodes surface area, gap between electrodes and sodium chloride concentration on the performance of electrocoagulation cell were examined. From the experiments found that the higher removal efficiency achieved at pH 9, with increasing current density and decreasing gap between electrodes the removal efficiency enhanced and the treatment time decreased. Using a flowrate of 0.025 l/min after (7min) electrolysis, the Pb(II) concentration decay from (250mg/l) to only (2.5mg/

This study investigates fresh and hardened self-compacting concrete properties. LECA will be used in place of coarse aggregate in (0, 20, 40, and 60) % proportions in a partial replacement. First, four SCC mixes were made based on LECA volume fraction and then the second group was made by adding 1% glass fiber by volume to group one's mixes. Hardened concrete after 7, 28, and 56 days was tested for density, water absorption, and (compressive, splitting tensile, and flexural) strengths. Results suggest that LECA increases workability. Rising LECA percentage decreases compressive strength; for 60% LECA, the decrease was (51.90, 45.34, and 41.26) % for 7, 28, and 56 days, respectively. With 60% LECA replacement, flexural

The present study deals with the removal of oil from wastewater by organoclay. The organoclay was prepared by combination of Iraqi bentonite with quaternary amine (hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium chloride). The wastewater samples were obtained from the washing unit of fuel oil in the "South Baghdad Gas Power Plant. The operating conditions of batch process for removal of oil from wastewater by using the prepared organoclays were studied in details (quantity of organoclay, mixer speed and time of adsorption). Initial concentration of wastewater used in this study was within a maximum range of 230-1512 mg/L. XRD and FTIR diagram of the prepared organoclay showed a considerable differences from those for natural bentonite which indicates the ex

During the last 5 decades, it is evident that there is a drastic need for close cooperation between the Iraqi architect and other engineers, technicians working with him, towards solving particular problems related to materials, system building technology in Iraq.The architect need to become a leader of the building team instead of becoming"a Hero". The research develop a light weight modular block (25x25x12.5cm), equivalent in volume to 3 bricks (25x12.5x7.5 cm). The proposed modular block use broken or crushed bricks as an aggregate instead of stone. The block can be handled easily, it can be produced mechanically 1.e. via compressors or manually. The research cover the use of recycled "broken or crushed" bricks by making samples, reco

The regeneration of spent transformer oil taken from Al-Dora power station was studied. The regeneration process includes settling, filtration, thermo vacuum evaporation, and clay treatment. The settling was done by gravity to remove the mechanical particles. The filtration was done by filter paper [whatman quality! and 18.5 cm diameter). Thermo vacuum evaporation at 175°C and 241 mm Hg was used for removing the dissolved water and light petroleum impurities. The clay treatment was used for final improvement of transformer oil properties. Iraqi clay. Algerian clay and zeolite (A) were used and the results were compared. It was studied the effect of clay to oil ratio and the mixing time on the water content, break down voltage and the ac

As cooling air using water injection was limited by a range of humidity ratio so indirect humidification for air consider, this research take the study of heat transfer through a perpendicular plate heat exchanger to discover the influence optimum conditions on dehumidification efficiency and the amount of heat transfer energy across the plates of heat exchanger so calculating dehumidification efficiency and the amount of heat transfer energy across the plates of heat exchanger depending on the change of primary and secondary air flow rate using an experimental apparatus with an instruments for measuring air flow rate dry bulb temperature and wet bulb temperature on air entry and exit sections, experimental procedure by fixing primary ai

A low speed open circuit wind tunnel has been designed, manufactured and constructed at the
Mechanical Engineering Department at Baghdad University - College of Engineering. The work is one of
the pioneer projects adapted by the R & D Office at the Iraqi MOHESR. The present paper describes the
first part of the work; that is the design calculations, simulation and construction. It will be followed by a
second part that describes testing and calibration of the tunnel. The proposed wind tunnel has a test
section with cross sectional area of (0.7 x 0.7 m2) and length of (1.5 m). The maximum speed is about (70
m/s) with empty test section. The contraction ratio is (8.16). Three screens are used to minimize flow
distu