When industrial and  constructional renaissance started in the world, the great interest was going on towards the equipment’s,  which was the first mean for production. After industry was settled the interest was going on towards the men ship which manpower on which the production depends. It was approved that it represents the basic part in all of the processes and the protection of those individuals against dangers of these equipment’s, industry and its accidents was the basic things which was studied in many researches until it crystallized in general principles for all industries and other take care in each industry.

     The professional safety is concerned as restrict which

Fractal geometry is receiving increase attention as a quantitative and qualitative model for natural phenomena description, which can establish an active classification technique when applied on satellite images. In this paper, a satellite image is used which was taken by Quick Bird that contains different visible classes. After pre-processing, this image passes through two stages: segmentation and classification. The segmentation carried out by hybrid two methods used to produce effective results; the two methods are Quadtree method that operated inside Horizontal-Vertical method. The hybrid method is segmented the image into two rectangular blocks, either horizontally or vertically depending on spectral uniformity crit

The effect of using grinded rocks of (quartzite and porcelanite) as powder of (10 and 20) % replacement by weight of cement for self-compacting concrete slabs was investigated in this study. Five slabs with 15 concrete cubes were tested experimentally at 28 days to study the compressive strength, ultimate load, ultimate deflection, ductility, crack load and steel strain. The test results show that, the compressive strength improvement when replacement of local rock powder reached to (7.3, 4.22) % for (10 and 20) % quartzite powder and (11.3, 16.1) % for (10 and 20) % porcelanite powder, respectively compared to the reference specimen. The ultimate load percentage increase for slabs with (10 and 20) % rep

This research investigates solid waste management in Al-Kut City. It included the collection of medical and general solid waste generated in five hospitals different in their specialization and capacity through one week, starting from 03/02/2012. Samples were  collected and analyzed periodically to find their generation rate, composition, and physical properties. Analysis results indicated that generation rate ranged between (1102 – 212) kg / bed / day, moisture content and density were (19.0 % - 197 kg/ m3) respectively for medical waste and (41%-255 kg/ m3) respectively for general waste. Theoretically, medical solid waste generated in Al-Kut City (like any other city), affected by capacity, number of patients in a day, and hosp

The aim of this research is to study the effect of high concentrations of salts, pressure and temperature on the performance of the RO membrane with time. Four different (Na2CO3) concentrations (5000, 15000, 25000 and 35000) ppm and various pressures such as (1, 3 and 5) bars at different temperatures of the feed solution (i.e., 25, 35 and 45) ◦C were used in this work. It was found that, as the concentration of salt and feed temperatures increase, the rejection of the salt decrease. While the salt rejection of the membranes increases with increase of transmembrane pressure.

n the Last Recent Years, the Conservation of Natural Environment Resources be a Problem that to and fro to get a line between two elements, First of one is the Natural Environment Resources Balance, and the other is the Reduction of its Consumption and Limitation of Negative Results upon this Environment, Last Years seeks to but Modern Architecture Concept to Conservator Energy Resources and Natural Sources To Reach that Known Sustainable Buildings Which have the Lessees Effect on the Natural Environment and its Environmental Properties.

On the Concern that Materials is the Main Component of Architectural Configuration and appearance that Architect use it in Sustainable Construction to redecate the Environmental effect and to est

Tigris River water that comes from Turkey represents the main water resource of this river in Iraq. The expansion in water river implementations has formed a source of trouble for the workers in the water resources management field in Iraqi. Unfortunately, there is no agreement between Iraq and Turkey till now to share the water of this international river. Consequently, the optimal operation of water resources systems, particularly a multi-objective, multi-reservoir, is of the most necessity at the present time.

 In this research two approaches, were used the dynamic programming (DP) approach and simulation model to find the optimal monthly operation of Ilisu Dam (from an Iraqi point of view) through a comp

In this work, the behavior of reinforced concrete columns under biaxial bending is studied. This work aims at studying the strengthening of columns by using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP). The experimental work includes investigation of eight reinforced concrete columns (150*150*500mm) tested under several load conditions. Variables considered in the test program include; effect of eccentricity and effect of longitudinal reinforcement (Ø12mm or Ø6mm). Test results are discussed based on load – lateral deflection behavior, load –longitudinal deflection behavior, ultimate load and failure modes. The CFRP reinforcement permits
a complete change in the failure mode of the columns .The effect of longitudinal reinforcement in

Increasing the aerodynamic efficiency and enhancing the supermaneuverability for the selected supersonic aircraft (F-16A) is presented. Aerodynamic characteristics, surface pressure distribution and maximum lift are are estimated for the baseline configuration for different Mach number and angles of attack in subsonic and supersonic potential flow, using a low order three- dimensional panel method supported with semi-empirical formulas of Datcom.

Estimation of the total nose-up and nose-down pitching moments about the center of gravity of the completed aircraft in subsonic region depending on the flight conditions and aircraft performance limitations. A modern program was implemented by suggesting a two dimensional thrust vectori

In this paper possible improvements in the performance of adaptive Linear Equalizer (LE) and Decision Feed Back Equalizer (DFE) are reported. A modified Least Mean Square (LMS) algorithm incorporating a recursively adjusted adaptation step size based on rough estimate of the performance surface gradient square is proposed. The first
proposed algorithm was called Adjusted Step Size LMS (ASSLMS) which used single adjusted step size for all weight coefficients. The second proposed algorithm was called Distributed Step Size LMS algorithm (DSSLMS). This algorithm (i.e. DSSLMS) will distribute the resultant variable step size in an exponential form among all weights of the
adaptive filter such that each weight coefficient has its own

In this paper an attempt to provide a single degree of freedom lumped model for fluid structure interaction (FSI) dynamical analysis will be presented. The model can be used to clarify some important concept in the FSI dynamics such as the added mass, added stiffness, added damping, wave coupling ,influence mass coefficient and critical fluid depth . The numerical results of the model show that the natural frequency decrease with the increasing of many parameters related to the structure and the fluid .It is found that the interaction phenomena can become weak or strong depending on the depth of the containing fluid .The damped and un damped free response are plotted in time domain and phase plane for different model parameters It is fou

The present work deals with an experimental investigation of the effect of surfacing parameters on the final quality of large gear surfacing. This gear forms a vital part of the drive train of cement furnace at the Iraqi Cement Company. The gear is made of DIN CK 45 steel with an analyzed carbon content of 0.429% and core hardness 185 HV. The gear is considered large, with dimensions of 490 mm in diameter, 250-mm width and 27 mm module, its weight is 350 Kg. The aim of the present work is to study the possibility of repairing this type of gear using SMAW process. The gear surface is cleaned by sand blasting, followed by dye penetrate testing for crack detections. DIN E1-UM350 hardfacing electrode is selected to hardface the gear. This el

The effect of considering the third dimension in mass concrete members on its cracking
behavior is investigated in this study. The investigation includes thermal and structural analyses of mass concrete structures. From thermal analysis, the actual temperature distribution throughout the mass concrete body was obtained due to the generation of heat as a result of cement hydration in addition to the ambient circumstances. This was performed via solving the differential equations of heat conduction and convection using the finite element method.
The finite element method was also implemented in the structural analysis adopting the
concept of initial strain problem. Drying shrinkage volume changes were calculated using the

This paper is concerned with the investigation of the optimum period of time between maintenance by the aid of Monte Carlo simulation technique of an old water tube boiler, double identical drums; its capacity is 70 ton/ hour of super heated steam. There are a multitude of failures that are caused by boiler operator's errors, boiler inspector, boiler maintainer and faults of boiler auxiliary equipments which lead to operation parameter deviations and boiler shut down. Changing maintenance plan to be based on optimum period of time between scheduled maintenance and inspection will achieve maximum boiler availability.

Non uniform channelization is a crucial task in cognitive radio receivers for obtaining separate channels from the digitized wideband input signal at different intervals of time. The two main requirements in the channelizer are reconfigurability and low complexity. In this paper, a reconfigurable architecture based on a combination of Improved Coefficient Decimation Method (ICDM) and Coefficient Interpolation Method (CIM) is proposed. The proposed Hybrid Coefficient Decimation-Interpolation Method (HCDIM) based filter bank (FB) is able to realize the same number of channels realized using (ICDM) but with a maximum decimation factor divided by the interpolation factor (L), which leads to less deterioration in stop band at

An experimental study has been carried out to investigate the possible reduction of formation damage that is result from drilling muds. This was accomplished through making a bridging system with different barite additions 70, 140, 200, 280 lb/bbl to fresh water mud. This bridging system creates an effective sealing of impermeable filter cake, thereby inhibiting continual losses of small solids and mud filtrate into the formation.The study indicates that all the truds, which were used, have the ability to damage the petrophysical properties of formation, but some additives to mud reduce the damage in petrophysical properties. In addition, it is found that minimum permeability damage can be obtained when the particles of drilling mud are

This research examines the use of vibratory treatments to reduce residual stresses in small welded parts. In this experimental investigation, a post weld vibration treatment was applied to T- A106 steel pipe fitting specimens to study the effect of the treatment on the residual stress and the hardness of the material. The vibratory stress relief treatment was carried out at different vibration frequency. The results have demonstrated that post-weld vibratory stress relief of small size fittings is possible and residual stress may be relieved, and the treatment may be an alternative method for heat treatment especially when unchange in dimensions and material stability are required.

In this paper a theoretical analysis of South Baghdad and Dura power plant is carried out
according to second law of thermodynamic depending on entropy (irreversibility coefficient or lost work) method instead of exergy (availability) method. In the used entropy method. The power plant is divided into main blocks ( boiler, turbine, condenser, and feed water heater and pumps ). The irreversibility losses and coefficient for each block are calculated and then the overall irreversibility and thermal efficiency of the plant are calculated. The results of this work are compared with previous results, that depending on exergy method. The comparison of results show that both methods give approximately the same results since both of them r

This study aims to derive a general relation between line loads that acting on two-way slab system and the equivalent uniformly distributed loads. This relation will be so useful to structural designer that are used to working with a uniformly distributed load and enable them to use the traditional methods for analysis of two-way systems (e.g. Direct Design Method). Two types of slab systems, Slab System with Beams and Flat Slab Systems, have been considered in this study to include the effect of aspect ratio and type of slab on the proposed relation. Five aspect ratios, l2/l1 of 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0, have been considered for both types of two-way systems.
All necessary finite element analyses have been executed with SAFE Soft

The authentic traditional architecture proved that it is very convenient to the environmental and social regulations where it appeared and lasted for hundred of years.

This traditional architecture got the intelligence in providing thermal comfort for their occupants by the intelligent usage of the building materials and the intelligent planning and designs which took in consideration the climatic condition and the aerodynamics of the whole city as one ecological system starting from the cold breeze passing through its narrow streets till it enters the dwelling units and glides out through the wind catchers.

This architecture had been neglected and replaced by modern imported architecture which had collap

The heat and mass transfer coefficients of the indirect contact closed circuit cooling tower, ICCCCT, were investigated experimentally. Different experiments were conducted involving the controlling parameters such as air velocity, spray water to air mass flow rate ratio, spray water flow rate, ambient air wet bulb temperature and the provided heat load to investigate their effects on the performance of the ICCCCT. Also the effect of using packing on the performance of the ICCCCT was investigated. It was noticed that these parameters affect the tower performance and the use of packing materials is a good approach to enhance the performance for different operational conditions. Correlations for mass and heat transfer coefficients are pres

The flexural vibration characteristics of rectangular plates with linearly varying thickness is examined. The fourth order differential equation is solved by using Lagrange multiplier method. The thickness of the plate varies linearly along x axis and this variation is taken to be symmetric with respect to the middle surface. Simplicity and quick convergence is the advantage of the method in comparison with other much more laborious numerical metods which require extensive computer facilities A power series is used as an admissible function for the displacement function

 An analytical modeling of natural convection in physically-based analysis is developed for investigate free convective heat transfer in horizontal eccentric annulus between a circular outer cylinder and heated different shape inner envelope with used four models of the shapes of the inner cross section of (circular, triangular, square and hexagon inner boundary). The main objective of this paper was taking a composite model based on asymptotic solutions for three limiting cases: pure conduction, laminar boundary layer convection and transition flow convection. Laminar conditions up to Rayleigh number RaPi of 5×104 <

In this research a modern scientific procedure was used utilizing geographic information system
GIS in selecting the optimum road path between two cities . All the programming facilities offered
by ArcView GIS software with its extensions of spatial analysis and 3D analysis to solve the problem .The solution take a form of geographic map graduated in colors from best to bad portion of land that the suggested road could pass through. The proposed procedure was checked by conventional mathematical solution used in such problems and the results were both agreed.

The need for strengthening structural members is well known and research is progressing in this field. In recent years the use of fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) for strengthening has shown to be a efficient method both regarding structural performance and economical aspects. However, most of the research in this field has been undertaken on concrete of old and damaged structures and for flexural and shear strengthening. So, this paper presents axially loaded steel columns strengthened for increased load capacity and improved stability. The topic is studied theoretically. The theory covers analytical method, and a numerical finite elements (FE) analysis. Different types of most common commercial FRP systems have been examined and used in

This investigation presents a coupled analysis of a dam-reservoir problem which includes all aspects of fluid-structure interaction (class I coupling) and soil-pore fluid–structure interaction (class II coupling) under earthquake excitations using the finite element method.
The analysis involves the compressibility of water, the flexibility of the dam, the earthquake excitation, the structural damping and the material nonlinearity on the response. An efficient computer program in FORTRAN is developed for this analysis from the
original computer code named MIXDYN. The new software for predicting and analyzing the coupled behaviour is established using the pressure formulation for modelling of fluid and the u-p formulation for mo

The main goal of this work is to determine optimal location for placing generating plants in the Iraqi National Super Grid which gives minimum total losses in the system. A package build under Matlab was used to allocate optimal placement of generating sets, calculating active and reactive power for these generators, .calculating system minimum losses, and determine the effect of varying the output of the generators used on losses reduction.

One of the challenges that developing countries is the necessity to properly manage the risks involved in road construction projects. For that, the present work developed a dissension method to specify effective risk factors in a wide range of approaches and protocols to achieve its objectives. The Influence of Risk Road Implementation on Performance Indicators The initial sets of outcomes were derived from computing the average risk estimate. Subsequently, the second results group was established by assessing the relative importance index (RII) effects. In the RII method and mean results the workers and machinery insurance is the most important. The identical data that had been collected from the weighted product model

The present work investigates the effect of some of the variables in spot tungsten inert gas shielded
welding (TIG Spot) for (Aluminum-Magnesium) alloy type(5052-O) which is non–heat treatable
alloy for its wide industrial uses and applications in field of welding technology.
TIG Spot welding was performed by using tungsten electrode (EWTh2)of diameter (3.2mm) and
DC current with direct polarity (DCSP) at constant shielded gas flow rate (15litre/min).
The welded specimens were tested by using the Instron machine to determine the maximum shear
force (shear strength ) of spot welded and to define the optimum conditions of spot welding
variables in relation to the weld current, weld time and arc length of welding to

Numerical study has been conducted to investigate the thermal performance enhancement of flat plate solar water collector by integrating the solar collector with metal foam blocks.The flow is assumed to be steady, incompressible and two dimensional in an inclined channel. The channel is provided with eight foam blocks manufactured form copper. The Brinkman-Forchheimer extended Darcy model is utilized to simulate the flow in the porous medium and the Navier-Stokes equation in the fluid region. The energy equation is used with local thermal equilibrium (LTE) assumption to simulate the thermofield inside the porous medium. The current investigation covers a range of solar radiation intensity at 09:00 AM, 12:00 PM, and 04:00