Applying load to a structural member may result in a bottle-shaped compression field especially when the width of the loading is less than the width of bearing concrete members. At the Building and Construction Department – the University of Technology-Iraq, series tests on fibre reinforced concrete specimens were carried out, subjected to compression forces at the top and bottom of the specimens to produce compression field. The effects of steel fibre content, concrete compressive strength, transverse tension reinforcement, the height of test specimen, and the ratio of the width of loading plate to specimen width were studied by testing a total of tenth normal strength concrete blocks with steel fibre and one normal s

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Flat slabs made of two-way reinforced concrete are a common, effective, and affordable structural method. Thin layer slabs and lightweight are of great importance in modern building construction without the need to increase the cross-section of columns, walls, and foundations. Consequently, it becomes more important to cover all aspects related to stiffness, vibration, and strength of lightweight concrete slabs. To achieve serviceable flat slabs from lightweight concrete (LWC), the comparison between LWC flat plate and flat slab is studied in this article for strength and stiffness. The construction of the flat plate is much easier than other slabs even though the problem facing the flat plate is the punching shear. Henc

In this research an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) technique was applied for the prediction of Ryznar Index (RI) of the flowing water from WTPs in Al-Karakh side (left side) in Baghdad city for year 2013. Three models (ANN1, ANN2 and ANN3) have been developed and tested using data from Baghdad Mayoralty (Amanat Baghdad) including drinking water quality for the period 2004 to 2013. The results indicate that it is quite possible to use an artificial neural networks in predicting the stability index (RI) with a good degree of accuracy. Where ANN 2 model could be used to predict RI for the effluents from Al-Karakh, Al-Qadisiya and Al-Karama WTPs as the highest correlation coefficient were obtained 92.4, 82.9 and 79.1% respe

Permanent deformation (Rutting) of asphalt  pavements which appears in many roads in Iraq, have caused a major impact on pavement performance by reducing the useful service life of pavement and creating services hazards for highway users. The main objective of this research is investigating the effect of some contributory factors related to permanent deformation of asphalt concrete mixture. To meet the objectives of this research, available local materials are used including asphalt binder, aggregates, mineral filler and modified asphalt binder. The Superpave mix design system was adopted with varying volumetric compositions. The Superpave Gyratory Compactor was used to compact 24 asphalt concrete cylindrical specimens. To collect t

This study was undertaken to prepare Nano zinc oxide (ZnO) by precipitation and microemulsion methods. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), FTIR spectrometry, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET) surface area were the techniques employed for the preparation. The particle size of prepared nano ZnO was 69.15nm and 88.49nm for precipitation and microemulsion methods, respectively, which corresponded to the BET surface area 20.028 and 16.369m²/g respectively. The activity of prepared nano ZnO as a photocatalyst was estimated by the removal of ampicillin (Amp) under visible light. This study, therefore, examined the effect of pH in the range of 5-11, initial concen

The aim of this work is to perform an experimental study for the effect of forced vertical vibrations on free convection heat transfer coefficient, from flat plate made of Aluminum with dimension (300 Length*100 Width*3 thickness mm).It's heated under a constant heat flux of (250-1500 W/m2 ) upward. The flat plate was located horizontally or inclined in multiple angles at rang of (0o , 30o , 45o 60o ، 90o ). The experimental study is carried out at a range of frequency (2-16 Hz) ، the amplitude at the range of (1.63-7.16 mm), and the Rayleigh number at the rang (138.991< Ra <487.275).
The results of this study show that, the relation between the heat transfer coefficient and the amplitude of vibration is incrementally for incl

In this paper, a theoretical analysis of optimum bed thickness operates under mass transfer control for realizing a high efficiency and reaction conversion of an electrochemical reactor has been made based on flowthrough porous electrode (FTPE) configuration. Many models have been used to represent the optimum bed thickness by taking a look into previous works concerned and collecting all related information, data, and models. The parameters that affect the optimum bed thickness have been visualized and reviewed, and almost all of them have been examined by experimental data from different sources and based on the various models. It has been found that the increase in electrolyte flow rate, concentration, limiting current density, and sp

This Investigation was conducted activated carbon study the removal of dyes from waste water in the textile cotton industry Three different industrial dyes were used, these are direct blue, sulphure black and vat yellow with the following maximum concentrations in solution The method used is adsorption on of 6,10 and 16 ppm respectively The results showed that adsorption onto activated carbon with surface area of 626 m³/g to be very effective for the removal of the different dyes considered, where the percent removal was 96.75% 987 7% and 98.4% for direct blue, sulphure black and vat and vat yellow respectively

The Post-project evaluation in highway construction is crucial but underdeveloped in infrastructure management, especially for Iraqi road project authorities. This comprehensive study combines insights from global schemes in England, Scotland, France, Australia, Norway, and New Zealand to develop a strong post-evaluation framework. This study used criteria from six international schemes, a thematic analysis framework, and open interviews with experts to identify and improve the final list of criteria that could be used in the evaluation process. Five criteria were identified as the final result, which are efficiency (cost, time, and quality), traffic analysis (volume, travel time, and impact), safety (accidents and secur

 This work deals with the reduction of residual stresses using cryogenic thermal treatment as all alternative to normal thennal treatment .The work was performed on

single and binary competitive sorption of phenol and p-nitrophenol onto clay modified with
quaternary ammonium (Hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium ) was investigated to obtain the
adsorption isotherms constants for each solutes. The modified clay was prepared from
blending of local bentonite with quaternary ammonium . The organoclay was characterized
by cation exchange capacity. and surface area. The results show that paranitrophenol is
being adsorbed faster than phenol . The experimental data for each solute was fitted well with
the Freundlich isotherm model for single solute and with the combination of Freundlich-
Langmuier model for binary system .

This thesis aims to study the effect of addition polymer materials on mechanical properties of self-compacting concrete, and also to assess the influence of petroleum products (kerosene and gas oil) on mechanical properties of polymer modified self-compacting concrete (PMSCC) after different exposure periods of (30 ,60 ,90 ,and 180 days).

Two type of curing are used; 28 days in water for SCC and 2 days in water followed 26 days in air for PMSCC.

The test results show that the PMSCC (15% P/C ratio) which is exposed to oil products recorded a lower deterioration in compressive strength's values than reference concrete. The percentages of reduction in compressive strength values of PMSCC (15% P/C ratio) was

An analytical approach, adopted to find the settlement of foundations resting on reinforced soil based on the test results on a model surface circular footing resting on reinforced soil, is summarized. The soil was reinforced using biaxial geomesh. The settlement was determined by considering the compatibility of strain (settlement) between soil and reinforcement element underneath the foundation. Theoretical
equations were used to estimate the settlement either from the superstructure loads or from in-situ plate load tests on the reinforced soil system. The type of geomesh used in this study has been determined based on the grain size distribution of the soil. The
investigation in this study used two different types of geomesh

To render the environment amenable, is the great challenge to the man in general & to the architect in particular, since the beginning cf the creation up to this date, with a view to reaching physical, physiological, & psychological environment, as to ensure certain immunity from the problems of cross internal & external environmental pollution in "Clean Buildings ", expressing his successful attempts at arriving at the results of the environment influences in the of the man's needs & desires and construing his relationship with the given environment to an actual existence features & components , on the ground that the planning of the building , designing its spaces & landmarks ,distributing its openings , & n

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The effect of Wood Flour addition to the gamma alumina powder used in the preparation of gamma alumina (ɤ-Al₂O₃) catalyst carrier extrudates on the pore volume and BET surface area physical properties was investigated. Two parameters which are size of wood flour particles and its quantity were studied. The sizes of wood flour particles used are 150 µm, 212 µm and 500 µm and the weight percentage added to the gamma alumina powder during the preparation of the extrudates are (1%, 3%, 5% and 10%). The results showed that the addition of wood flour to the gamma alumina powder in order to get gamma alumina extrudates used as catalyst carrier is one of the successful methods to improve the pore volume

Solar module operating temperature is the second major factor affects the performance of solar photovoltaic panels after the amount of solar radiation. This paper presents a performance comparison of mono-crystalline Silicon (mc-Si), poly-crystalline Silicon (pc-Si), amorphous Silicon (a-Si) and Cupper Indium Gallium di-selenide (CIGS) photovoltaic technologies under Climate Conditions of Baghdad city. Temperature influence on the solar modules electric output parameters was investigated experimentally and their temperature coefficients was calculated. These temperature coefficients are important for all systems design and sizing. The experimental results revealed that the pc-Si module showed a decrease in open circuit v

Most communities seek, which possesses a cultural legacy to communicate with the past and to reach the best possible legislation to help them protect their cultural. 
Tourism as the economic development based on the data in light distinct places, including  traditional and historical environments requiring activated and revived in my adopting the concept of transnational Revival Tourism. Through the survey data in environments where conventional and (historical - Sensationalism) theoretically and practically, it was drawn from a number of indicators truth spatial phenomenon and the phenomenon depends show and try on a number of variables and interventions including historical and philosophical interpretations of those facts,

The role of drain in agricultural lands is to remove excess surface and subsurface water to create a good environment for root growth and to increase crops yield. The main objective of this research was to evaluate the performance of closed drains when using textile filter instead of crushed gravel filter. The research has been executed in the laboratory using a sand tank model and by using two types of the soil. One of soils was light soil (sandy soil) and the other heavy soil (loamy soil). The tests were classified into four cases; each case was supplied discharge during 10 days. The results showed that the amount of out flow when using graded crushed gravel filter is greater than the amount of out flow in case of usin

This work presents a neural network based cost estimating method, developed for the generation
of conceptual cost estimates for total building and electromechanical systems in building project,
by using eight parameters available at the early design phase. This model establishes a
methodology that can provide an economical and rapid means of cost estimating. Eighteen ligh
rise building projects, built between 1996 and 2009 in Middle East countries used in this study.
The performance of developed cost models was tested against costs incurred by projects not used
in training of those models. Results show the mean absolute percentage errors (MAPE) are
between 1.51% and 4.771 % for the five networks, and the maximum/mini

شهد العالم المعاصر سلسلة من النزاعات والأزمات والحروب، فض ً لا عن صرامة الحياة، والتسارع التكنولوجي. فكان لابد من
استحضار الفكر الرومانسي لتنشيط الحياة من جديد. فالرومانسية تمثل العالم الداخلي للإنسان والحياة الوجدانية الخفية، والتي
ينبع منها طموح الإنسان في محاولته إرضاء مثله السامية.
جاء البحث مهتمًا بدراسة الفكر الرومانسي وتأثيره في العمارة. ولكون أكثر الدراسات والطروحات الأدبية تناولت مفهوم
ا

Vibration monitoring is one of the most important techniques which are used to detect the cracks or defects in rotating mechanical systems. To distinguish characteristics of the system response that may lead to the transverse crack in rotating shaft, local asymmetry crack model is used where crack simulated by increasing the flexibility of the shaft and transverse crack in the shaft is introduced.
The obtained results showed a decreasing in the resonance shaft speed with increasing the crack depth ratio. The feature is used for diagnostics the crack in the shaft by using the graphed results between the natural frequency and shaft speed. The method of detecting was applied for several crack depth ratios (uncracked, %10, %20 and %30) in

تناولت هذه الدراسة الخصائص الجيوتكنيكية لتربة محافظات بغداد وديالى وواسط وبابل واعتمدت على
الاستقراء والمقارنة والتحليل لخصائص التربة. حيث شملت هذه الدراسة جمع المعلومات وتبويبها وتحليلها
.(15 m) 7 …" ) ولحد عمق ,5 ,3 ,1 " m) ثم رسم خرائط جيوتكنيكية لكل خاصية ولأعماق
وشملت الخصائص المدروسة دراسة حدود القوام (حد السيولة ودليل اللدونة) ووزن وحدة الحجم الجاف نسبة
الفراغ الابتدائية ونسبة المواد الناعمة ومقاومة

The capacity of Tigris River to transport the sediment within Al Mosul City is one of the most important
characteristics of the river. Establishment of islands within this reach of the river because of decreasing the discharge of Tigris River can be controlled through studying this characteristic. Establishment of these
islands and increase of the sediment deposition in the river reach affect the water treatment plants and the urban and industrial activities that are located on the banks of this reach. A steady one dimensional mathematical model for simulating the flow and estimating the sediment transport capacity of the studied reach was implemented and run by using the HEC-RAS (Version 3.1.3) software and making use of recorded

Aluminum-magnesium alloy has been anodized using chromic acid as an electrolyte. The effect of voltage in the range of 15-60V, electrolyte concentration in the range of 20-110 g/l, electrolyte temperature in the range of 30-60 °C and time of exposure in the range 25-85 minutes on the coating weight of the anodic film are studied. The experimental data was fitted in terms of the coating weight and the coefficients of third order polynomial are estimated. Optimum conditions of the studied variables are predicted and found equal to 32V, 85 g/1, 50 °C and 70 minutes.

Dissolution of gypsum rock in water is significant, which may result in hydrocarbon reservoir formation and evaporate deposits. However, the complexity of the gypsum dissolution process is still of interest because of its uncleanness that requires more critical analysis. The objectives of this experimental study are emphasis on the dissolution characteristics of gypsum rock under room temperature and by various types of water; namely: deionized, tap, fresh, acidic, well, and normal rainwatre. In addition, the influences of dissolution on gypsum rock's mechanical and physical characteristics. Gypsum rock was obtained from Agjalar area, in the southwest of Sulaymaniyah city, Northern Iraq. Experimental results show that we

Buckling analysis of composite laminates for critical thermal (uniform and linear) and mechanical loads is reported here. The objective of this work is to carry out theoretical investigation of buckling analysis of composite plates under thermomechanical loads, and experimental investigation under mechanical loads. The analytical investigation involved certain mathematical preliminaries, a study of equations of orthotropic elasticity for classical laminated plate theory (CLPT), higher order shear deformation plate theory (HSDT) , and numerical analysis (Finite element method), then the equation of motion are derived and solved using Navier method and Levy method for symmetric and anti-symmetric cross-ply and angle-ply laminated plates t

A load flow program is developed using MATLAB and based on the Newton–Raphson method,which shows very fast and efficient rate of convergence as well as computationally the proposed method is very efficient and it requires less computer memory through the use of sparsing method and other methods in programming to accelerate the run speed to be near the real time.
The designed program computes the voltage magnitudes and phase angles at each bus of the network under steady–state operating conditions. It also computes the power flow and power losses for all equipment, including transformers and transmission lines taking into consideration the effects of off–nominal, tap and phase shift transformers, generators, shunt capacitors, sh

An experimental and numerical study has been carried out to investigate the forced convection heat transfer by clean or dusty air in a two dimensional annulus enclosure filled with porous media (glass beads) between two vertical concentric cylinders. The outer cylinder is of (82 mm) outside diameters and the inner cylinder of (27 mm) outside diameter. Under steady state condition; the inner cylinder surface is maintained at a high temperature by applying a uniform heat flux and the outer cylinder surface at an ambient temperature. The investigation covered values of input power of (6.3, 4.884, 4.04 and 3.26 W), Reynolds number values of (300, 700, 1000, 1500, and 2000) and dust ratio values (density number N) of (2, 4, 6 and 8). A comput