In this study, polymeric ultrafiltration (UF) membranes were prepared by phase inversion method to obtain both antibacterial and organic antifouling properties. The membranes were cast from a solution of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and formative silver (Ag) nanoparticles were successfully immobilized on a polymer. This was done using a solvent N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) which is a solvent for the PVDF polymer meanwhile it is a reducing agent for silver ion. The effect of silver nanoparticles additives on the performance of polymeric ultrafiltration membrane was verified. Chemical composition and morphology of the surfaces of the membranes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

Assessment the actual accuracy of laboratory devices prior to first use is very important to know the capabilities of such devices and employ them in multiple domains. As the manual of the device provides information and values in laboratory conditions for the accuracy of these devices, thus the actual evaluation process is necessary.

In this paper, the accuracy of laser scanner (stonex X-300) cameras were evaluated, so that those cameras attached to the device and lead supporting role in it. This is particularly because the device manual did not contain sufficient information about those cameras.

To know the accuracy when using these cameras in close range photogrammetry, laser scanning (stonex X-300) de

Fao region is characterized by weak soft silty clay to clayey silt thick layer which extends to a depth of about 20 m. The construction of some structures on such soils may needs piles. During the installation of driven piles, the soil geotechnical properties are exposed to significant changes result due to shearing under large shear strains. These changes significantly decrease the shear strength of the virgin soil due to the destruction of soil structure caused by remolding. The degradation of shear strength is usually followed by strength regaining which is called “Thixotropy”. In this study, the thixotropic effect on Fao clay was investigated. Many disturbed and undisturbed soil samples were brought from Fao regi

In this paper existing group technology techniques are reviewed and an alternative method using probabilistic approach to machine-components grouping in cellular manufacturing systems is introduced where it is based on production flow analysis, which uses routing information. A common feature of this approach is that it sequentially rearranges row and columns of the machine part incidence matrix according to predefined index and block diagonal is generated. The steps of this method are to assign the 1's in each row and column a probability weight, which alternately rearranged in descending order until a block diagonal matrix is created. It does not need to decide in advance, the number of required cells. It also overcomes the limitation

A numerical investigation was conducted to study the effect of simulated ice accreted on airfoil
aerodynamics performance. The simulated ice shapes were tested on NACA 0012 airfoil wing at
different Mach numbers. The study includes the one of the famous types of ice accreted on the
airfoils called the rime ice.
The calculation of ice droplet trajectories was performed by solving the trajectories governing equations of the droplet using FVM. A numerical model based on staggered FVM is built up to solve the governing equations of a body fitted grid, trajectories equation, continuity equation and momentum equation using FORTRAN 97. The turbulence model of (k-ε) has been adopted in the programming to evaluate the turbulence effe

In this study, dead and live anaerobic biomass was used in biosorption of Pb(II), Cr(III) and Cd(II) ions from a synthetic wastewater. The biosorption was investigated by batch adsorption experiments. It was found that, the biosorption capacities were significantly affected by biosorbent dosage. The process follows Langmuir isotherm (regression coefficient 0.995, 0.99 and 0.987 for Pb(II), Cr(III) and Cd(II) ions, respectively, onto dead anaerobic biomass) model with uniform distribution over the biomass surface. The experimental uptake capacity was 51.56, 29.2 and 28 mg/g for Pb(II), Cr(III) and Cd(II), respectively, onto dead anaerobic biomass, compared with 35, 13.6 and 11.8 mg/g for Pb(II), Cr(III) and Cd(II), respectively, onto live

Dental records recently used in forensic medicine to help in human identification, based mainly on radiograph images. The aim of our study is to automate this process, using image analysis and pattern recognition techniques. Postmortem radiographs, including dental radiographs, with a database of ante mortem radiographs searching, in order to get the closest match with respect to some distinct features. Contours of teeth are used as the feature for matching, since they remain more invariant over time compared to some other features of the body. The work ineludes two stages: radiograph segmentation, with pixel classification, and contour matching Probability model is used to describe the distribution of object pixels in the image. Results

Used vegetable oil was introduced to transesterfication reaction to produce Biodiesel fuel suitable for diesel engines. Method of production was consisted of filtration, transesterfication, separation and washing. Transesterfication was studied extensively with different operating conditions, temperature range (35-80oC), catalyst concentration (0.5-2 wt. % based on oil), mixing time (30-120 min.) with constant oil/methanol weight ratio 5:1 and mixing speed 1300 rpm. The concentration of Fatty acid methyl esters (Biodiesel) was determined for the transesterficated oil samples, besides of some important physical properties such as specific gravity, viscosity, pour point and flash point. The behavior of methyl esters production and the phys

The performance of thermal storage porous wall with vents (gravel material) is analyzed for
passive solar heating system under Baghdad climatic conditions by comparing it with conventional
wall (Concrete wall) for a variety of control strategies. The variation has been calculated during a
period of heating season for three months from December (1999) to February (2000) by using
computer simulation with MATLAB language (Ver.6.5). A mathematical model containing the
governing differential equations of heat transfer through the wall and glazing under unsteady heat flow
was performed by using “control volume” technique to obtain the temperature distribution within the
wall. The study was carried out for a south facin

This research deals with a modeling of the heating process of an induction furnace with a conducting ferromagnetic core. This is done by performing a sequential coupling between two types of analysis; the harmonic electromagnetic analysis and the transient thermal analysis in order to furnish a complete numerical simulation of this device. The time elapsed to apply this procedure will be too long and unreasonable because of the consideration of the nonlinearity of the magnetic circuit. This problem is solved by the idea of the "Effective Relative Permeability", which is a constant relative permeability equivalent to the nonlinear one in calculating the eddy current losses.
The Finite Element Method (FEM) is considered in order to solv

Friction stir spot welding (FSSW) is a promising solid state joining process and is widely being
considered for automotive industry. In this work mechanical properties of friction stir spot welded joints were investigated for ISO(426/1CuZn10) copper alloy. The effect of main welding parameters were studied including, welding tool rotational speed, preheat time (15, 30)s , plunging time (10,30)s , dwell time 10 s ,plunging depth (0.7,0.8) mm. Group of matrices of welding parameters were used to study the effect of each parameter on properties of welded joints. Series of (FSSW) experiments were conducted using manual drilling machine. Effect of welding parameters on mechanical properties of welded joints were investigated using tensile

A numerical investigation of the non-cavitating and cavitating performance of a three-blade pump inducer under nominal and off-design operating conditions is presented. Three different simulated hydrofoils; a flat plate, “NACA0004", and "Clark-Y-6%" has been selected to represent the profile of the inducer blade. A 2D, steady, incompressible, turbulent, and isothermal flow field between the inducer blades is simulated using the FVM. The "Interface Tracking" model is selected to predict the cavity profile of the attached cavitation and the cavitating performance drop. For each blade profile, the influence of solidity in the range of (1.8 to 3.0) and blade angle in the range of (20° to 35°) on the inducer performance is studied. Compar

In the last decades, using mineral admixture in concrete became very necessary to improve concrete properties and reduce CO₂ emissions associated with the cement production process. Subsequently, more sustainable concrete can be obtained.  Ternary blended cement containing two different types of mineral admixture can achieve ambitious steps in this trend. In this research, the synergic effects of mineral admixtures in ternary blended cement and its effects on concrete fresh properties, strength, durability, and efficiency factors of mineral admixture in ternary blended cement, were reviewed. The main conclusion reached after reviewing many literature pieces is that the concrete with ternary blended cement

A plastic tubes used as absorber of active flat plate solar collector (FPSC) for heating water were studied numerically and experimentally. The set-up is located in Babylon (republic of Iraq) 43.8⁰ East longitude and 32.3⁰ North latitude with titled of 45⁰ toward the south direction.  The study involved three dimensions mathematical model for flat coil plastic absorber which solved by FLUENT-ANSYS-R.18 program. Experiments were conducted at outdoor conditions for clear days on January and February 2018 with various water volume flow rates namely (500, 750, 1000, 1250, and 1500 Liter per hour LPH) on each month for Reynolds number range of (1 x 10⁴ to 5 x 10⁴) th

Although renewable energy systems have become an interesting global issue, it is not continuous either daily or seasonally. Latent heat energy storage (LHES) is one of the suitable solutions for this problem. LHES becomes a basic element in renewable energy systems. LHES compensate for the energy lack when these systems are at low production conditions. The present work considered a shell and tube LHES for numerical investigation of the tube rotation influence on the melting process. The simulation and calculations were carried out using ANSYS Fluent software. Paraffin wax represents the phase change material (PCM) in this work, while water was selected to be the heat transfer fluid (HTF). The calculations were carried o

The Internet’s rapid growth has spurred the development of new protocols and algorithms to meet changing operational requirements such as security, multicast transport, mobile networking, policy management, and quality of service support. Development and evaluation of these operational tools requires answering many design questions. This work proposes a computer network simulation program, devoted for wired LAN systems. The simulator would be able to work under Microsoft Windows NT platforms, also it has the potential to provide an emulation environment which should be suitable for testing protocols above the TCP layer under the Windows NT platform supported network layers, and offering scalability by running the simulator under distri

The main aim of this research paper is investigating the effectiveness and validity of Meso-Scale Approach (MSA) as a modern technique for the modeling of plain concrete beams. Simply supported plain concrete beam was subjected to two-point loading to detect the response in flexural. Experimentally, a concrete mix was designed and prepared to produce three similar standard concrete prisms for flexural testing. The coarse aggregate used in this mix was crushed aggregate. Numerical Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was conducted on the same concrete beam using the meso-scale modeling. The numerical model was constructed to be a bi-phasic material consisting of cement mortar and coarse aggregate. The interface between the two c

The importance of physical and nonphysical architectural design values made architectural designers need good experience to be experts of architectural values reasonably without neglecting any value in the design process.  The importance of such values made that ignoring any values and mistakes occurs in the design process. Simultaneously, architectural designers' different nature and the difference in their experiences are causing different understandings of the design values, thus causing architectural mistakes. The research problem appears from the randomly propagating of mistakes in contemporary architecture, which is about to become a phenomenon in Al Sulaymaniyah city. The research aims to find the main reason

De-waxing of lubricating oil distillate (400-500 ºC) by using urea was investigated in the
present study. Lubricating oil distillate produced by vacuum distillation and refined by furfural
extraction was taken from Al-Daura refinery. This oil distillate has a pour point of 34 ºC. Two solvents
were used to dilute the oil distillate, these are methyl isobutyl ketone and methylene chloride. The
operating conditions of the urea adduct formation with n-paraffins in the presence of methyl isobutyl
ketone were studied in details, these are solvent to oil volume ratio within the range of 0 to 2, mixer
speed 0 to 2000 rpm, urea to wax weight ratio 0 to 6.3, time of adduction 0 to 71 min and temperature
30-70 ºC). Pour poin

Experiments were carried out to study the effect of various activated carbon-glass beads weight ratios, influent phenol concentrations, flow rate and bed depth on the performance of fixed bed adsorption column. The equilibrium data and interparticle diffusion coefficients obtained from separate experiments in a batch adsorber were fitted with theoretical model. The effect of adding different weight ratios of an inert solid material to the adsorbent bed in the adsorption process of phenol onto activated carbon was carried out. Adding 5 wt % glass beads to the activated carbon bed reduces the amount of activated carbon by 5% and increases the operating time by 80%.. Increasing the glass beads from 10 wt % and above makes the adsorption pro

تعمل أطقم الأسنان النظيفة على تعزيز صحة المريض، وطول عمر طقم الأسنان، ونوعية الحياة العامة عن طريق منع التلوث المتبادل. يجب ألا يؤدي أسلوب التنظيف الفعال إلى إتلاف المواد الأساسية للطقم. تبحث هذه الدراسة في صلابة وامتصاص الأشعة فوق البنفسجية وامتصاص الماء وقابلية ذوبان راتنج الأكريليك المعالج بالحرارة بعد 180 مرة من الغمر في منظف طقم الأسنان بزيت شجرة الشاي. تم إجراء تسعين عينة من راتينج الأكر

The effective stress method is developed to predict the axial capacity of piles in clay. This
method is based on the principle that, at failure, the available shear resistance at the pile soil
interface is related to the mean normal effective stress at the pile face and the effective stress
friction angle for the soil sliding on the pile material.
In this paper, the coupled non-linear finite element method is used to analyze some pile-soil
interaction problems. This computer program ( CRISP ) is used for this task. Eight- node
isoparametric elements were used for displacements while four- node elements are used for
pore pressure. Interface elements are used to simulate the interaction between the pile and the

مثل الأطفال شريحة مهمة في المجتمع بوصفهم أهم مقومات بنائه، ومن ثم فإن مسؤولية توفير أفضل خدمات الرعاية الصحية لهم على وفق الطريقة الملائمة لاعمارهم تقع على عاتق المجتمع بكافة مؤسساته، لذا إنصب احتمام المخططين والمهندسين المعماريين وعلماء النفس والاجتماع على حد سواء في طرح الاعتبارات الرئيسة عند تصميم البيئة الداخلية المرافق للرعاية الصحية للأطفال، لتحقيق بيئة علاجية تسهم في التخفيف من حدة الألم والخوف و

In the current study, the impacts of various curing states on some properties of reactive powder concrete (compressive strength, flexural strength, and dry bulk density) are being experimentally studied. The curing conditions include four different methods: immersion in normal water temperature (considered the reference curing state), immersion in warm water at 35ºC, immersion in boiling water, and curing with steam. For every combination, the water/binder ratio stayed unchanged at 0.2. Each reactive concrete mix was cast into three different configurations: 50mm only for cubes and 50×50×250 mm for prisms. Based on the improvement of RPC mechanical characteristics, the optimum curing method, as determined by the resul

In this paper, a theoretical analysis of optimum bed thickness operates under mass transfer control for realizing a high efficiency and reaction conversion of an electrochemical reactor has been made based on flowthrough porous electrode (FTPE) configuration. Many models have been used to represent the optimum bed thickness by taking a look into previous works concerned and collecting all related information, data, and models. The parameters that affect the optimum bed thickness have been visualized and reviewed, and almost all of them have been examined by experimental data from different sources and based on the various models. It has been found that the increase in electrolyte flow rate, concentration, limiting current density, and sp

In this work a study was made in centrifugal fan blower to investigate the effect of impeller blade design on sound pressure level (SPL). Shroud and unshroud impeller of nine blades are used. The sound generation from flow inside the test rig at different positions was displayed by using spectral analyzer. The experiments were carried out in anechoic chamber with small holes in its walls, under ambient condition about (25-27) C ° to avoid the effect of temperature on the sound pressure level. The results showed that (SPL) decreased with the increase of distance from the source about (3-4)dB when distance varied about (0.8-1.06)m, and the (SPL) decreased with the decrease of velocity about (8-12)dB when velocity varied between (13000-260

The flow measurements have increased importance in the last decades due to the shortage of water resources resulting from climate changes that request high control of the available water needed for different uses. The classical technique of open channel flow measurement by the integrating-float method was needed for measuring flow in different locations when there were no available modern devices for different reasons, such as the cost of devices. So, the use of classical techniques was taken place to solve the problem. The present study examines the integrating float method and defines the parameters affecting the acceleration of floating spheres in flowing water that was analyzed using experimental measurements. The me

Ion exchange material used in this study is synthetic inorganic resin. It is Iraqi synthetic zeolite type Na-A, which was prepared from Iraqi kaolinite. The prepared zeolite pellets were solidified by heat treatment at 600oC for 3 hours. Nine radiochemical experiments were carried out on real (radioactive) samples. Five of these experiments were to study the uptake rate (sorption rate) of cobalt-60. The measured value for equilibrium time was one hour. The other experiments were carried out to obtain sorption isotherm using batch test. The product cobalt concentration was fitted to Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms as followed respectively:
x/m= 1.25 Ce / (1+6*10⁴ Ce)
x/m= 8*10-4 Ce ^0.4
Gamma spectrom

AA3003-H14 aluminum alloy plates were welded by friction stir welding and TIG welding.
Fatigue properties of the welded joints were evaluated based on the superior tensile properties for
FSW at 1500 rpm rotational speed and 80 mm/min welding speed. However, there is not much
information available on effect of welding parameters with evolution of fatigue life of friction stir
welds. The present study experimentally analyzed fatigue properties for base, FSW, and TIG welds
of AA 3003-H14 aluminum alloy. Fatigue properties of FSW joints were slightly lower than the
base metal and higher than TIG welding.

This work implements the' face recognition system based on two stages, the first stage is feature extraction stage and the second stage is the classification stage. The feature extraction stage consists of Self-Organizing Maps in a hierarchical format in conjunetion with Gabor Filters and local image sampling.The next stage is the classification stage, and consists of self-organizing map neural network; the goal of this stage is to find the similar image to the input image. The proposal method algorithm implemented by using C++ packages, this work is successful classifier for a face database consist of 20 people with six images for each person.