In the current analysis, the effects of circumferential scratches along the inner surface of a 170ᵒ -arc partial journal bearing has been numerically investigated. Their impact on the thermo-elasto-hydrodynamic performance characteristics, including maximum pressure, temperature, deformation, and stress, has been examined thoroughly. The ANSYS Fluent CFD commercial code was employed to tackle the iterative solution of flow and heat transfer patterns in the fluid film domain. They are then applied to the ANSYS Static Structure solver to compute the deformation and stress resulted in the solid bearing zone. A wide range of operating conditions has been considered, including the eccentricity ratio ( ) and scratch depth (

his work presents the simulation of a Parallel Concatenation Convolution Coding PCCC with Multi-Carrier Code Division Multiple Access (MC-CDMA) system over multipath fading channels with a comparison with the uncoded data and that uses Serial Concatenated Convolutional Coding SCCC. The decoding technique used in the simulation was iterative decoding since it gives maximum efficiency with six iteration. Modulation schemes that used are Phase Shift Keying (BPSK, QPSK and 16 PSK), along with the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). The channel models used are as specified in the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Technical Specification TS 25.101 v2.10 with a channel bandwidth of 5 MHz.It was noticed that there is an

Laminar natural convection heat transfer to air flow in a ducted two parallel plates subjected to same constant heat flux has been studied experimentally. In this study a test rig has been designed and constructed to allow studying the effect of plate spacing and plates angle of inclination on the heat transfer process. The study covers three plate spacing 15 mm, 35mm and 60 mm that makes plate aspect ratio (AR) 24, 10.285 and 6, The heat flux implemented in all test runs varies between 55 W/m2– 340 W/m2 that makes the modified Rayleigh number (Ra) varies from 105-108. Experimental results presented as plate temperature distribution, variation of local heat transfer coefficient and the relation between Nu and Ra, reveal for the range o

The undrained stability of cohesive slopes (0) subjected to surcharge loads is studied in this paper. Problems of this kind are involved in structures rapidly built near the crest of cohesive slopes and heavy equipment (e.g. draglines, buldozers and railways) move on slope. Using the non-linear finite element method, the effects of line loads and uniformly distributed loads are studied and the distribution of stresses under these loads is examined. The value of Per (critical line load) required equating the driving and resisting moments for a unit length of the slope was computed using the computer program. The process was repeated until a mininnum Per was obtained.

جاءت فكرة البحث من اهمية موضوع استهلاك الطاقة في المدن حيث تواجه مدن العالم بشكل عام والمدن العراقية بشكل خاص تحديات بيئية كبيرة من تصاعد نسبة الانبعاثات الكربونية مما يستوجب ايجاد الحلول اللازمة من خلال فهم عملية مدخلات ومخرجات المدينة المتمثلة بعملية الايض الحضري والغازات الدفيئة وانواع مصادر الطاقة وقياس بصمة الطاقة لمنطقة الدراسة وعلاقة استعمالات الارض في استهلاك الطاقة وتوصل البحث الى عرض النتائج ا

The present work reports a direct experimental comparison of the catalytic hydrodesulfurization of
thiophene over Co-Mo/Al2O3 in fixed- and fluidized-bed reactors under the same conditions. An
experimental pilot plant scale was constructed in the laboratories of chemical engineering department,
Baghdad University; fixed-bed unit (2.54 cm diameter, and 60cm length) and fluidized-bed unit (diameter of 2.54 cm and 40 cm long with a separation zone of 30 cm long and 12.7 cm diameter). The affecting
variables studied in the two systems were reaction temperature of (308 – 460) oC, Liquid hourly space
velocity of (2 – 5) hr-1, and catalyst particle size of (0.075-0.5) mm. It was found in both operations that the
conversion

Self-compacted concrete (SCC) considered as a revolution progress in concrete technology due to its ability for flowing through forms, fusion with reinforcement, compact itself by its weight without using vibrators and economic advantages. This research aims to assess the fresh properties of SCC and study their effect on its compressive strength using different grading zones and different fineness modulus (F.M) of fine aggregate. The fineness modulus used in this study was (2.73, 2.82,2.9& 3.12) for different zones of grading (zone I, zone II& marginal zone(between zone I&II)) according to Iraqi standards (I.Q.S No.45/1984).Twelve mixes were prepared, each mix were tested in fresh state with slump, V-Funnel and L-Box tests, t

Geotechnical engineering involves many different and complex materials and many different mechanisms of behaviour. The direct use of experience as a guide to the prediction and design is effective provided these are understood. Geotechnical engineering is a relatively new science. Its successful application to prediction requires realistic assumptions to be made, and predictions must be tested against reality. Methods of prediction need then to be refined. An example of the importance of making realistic assumptions is examined in this paper. It includes the effects of soil properties on the ultimate capacity of axially loaded piles.
Better analysis offers better prediction and better understanding. Both are only possible when reality

Human activities such as mining, industrial operations and waste management can lead to soil pollution by heavy metals including chromium, cadmium, mercury, lead and arsenic. These contaminants cause harm both to humans and the ecosystems where they are found. Of all the previously used techniques, phytoremediation is the most promising one for cleaning up heavy metal-contaminated soils. Phytoremediation refers to a technique where plants use roots for absorbing, storing and immobilizing soil contaminants while also removing them. Bioleaching is a method which uses microorganisms to dissolve metals that have been shown to facilitate phytoextraction in increasing the availability of metals. It is anticipated that researc

Growth of cities made Urban Designers and Planners determine to the extent that need to
knew solutions appear to maintain and analyze data, especially regarding dealing with 3D
geometrical information and concepts integration on building them to enable analysis and ensure
3D rapid visualization as complication and mutual relations among various data types (3D spatial
and non -spatial) and users vary greatly that current information systems face difficulty in dealing
with, analyses and completing them, confusing the process of Urban Planning and conduct
nowadays rather than a decade ago; it was necessary to set an attempt to combine available
technology components and develop new concepts to conclude a system that mee

This study aims to model the flank wear prediction equation in metal cutting, depending on the workpiece material properties and almost cutting conditions. A new method of energy transferred solution between the cutting tool and workpiece was introduced through the flow stress of chip formation by using the Johnson-Cook model. To investigate this model, an orthogonal cutting test coupled with finite element analysis was carried out to solve this model and finding a wear coefficient of cutting 6061-T6 aluminum and the given carbide tool.

As a result of the increase in wireless applications, this led to a spectrum problem, which was often a significant restriction. However, a wide bandwidth (more than two-thirds of the available) remains wasted due to inappropriate usage. As a consequence, the quality of the service of the system was impacted. This problem was resolved by using cognitive radio that provides opportunistic sharing or utilization of the spectrum. This paper analyzes the performance of the cognitive radio spectrum sensing algorithm for the energy detector, which implemented by using a MATLAB Mfile version (2018b). The signal to noise ratio SNR vs. Pd probability of detection for OFDM and SNR vs. BER with CP cyclic prefix with energy dete

This study found that one of the constructive, necessary, beneficial, most effective, and cost-effective ways to meet the great challenge of rising energy prices is to develop and improve energy quality and efficiency. The process of improving the quality of energy and its means has been carried out in many buildings and around the world. It was found that the thermal insulation process in buildings and educational facilities has become the primary tool for improving energy efficiency, enabling us to improve and develop the internal thermal environment quality processes recommended for users (student - teacher). An excellent and essential empirical study has been conducted to calculate the fundamental values ​​of the

The natural ventilation in buildings is one of effective strategies for achieving energy efficiency in buildings by employing methods and ways of passive design, as well as its efficiency in providing high ranges of thermal comfort for occupants in buildings and raises their productivity. Because the concept of natural ventilation for many people confined to achieve through the windows and openings only, become necessary to provide this research to demonstrate the various passive design strategies for natural ventilation. Then, research problem: Insufficient knowledge about the importance and mechanism of the application of passive design strategies for natural ventilation in buildings. The research objective is: Analysis of passive desi

يقدم البحث نتائج جديدة حول سلوكية العتبات المسلحة بشرائح القصب المحلي في الانحناء وتشمل التجارب إيجاد معامل المرونة بطريقة الذبذبات فوق الصوتية. كما يشمل البحث نتائج إضافية حول مقاومة شد القصب وكثافته ومعامل مطيلية العتبات وقساوتها وتأثير طلاء القصب بالمستحلبات الأسفلتية Flinkote على الخواص الانحنائية. ويهدف البحث إلى تطوير استخدامات القصب واستغلاله في الإسكان واطئة الكلفة نظراً

Mosques could be considered as one of the most powerful architectural types throughout historical ages. With their highly symbolic formal legacy, Mosques  play an essential role in providing the Islamic city with its special identity. Nevertheless, the advent of digital technology and its ubiquity at different levels of architectural design marked the emergence of new tendencies in the Architecture of Mosques, represented by various models added to the storage of this architectural type. Consequently a review of these tendencies would be needed, aiming at pointing out the formal transformations and new suggested characteristics.

The paper investigates the surviving and the disappearing formal components of&n

This paper proposes improving the structure of the neural controller based on the identification model for nonlinear systems. The goal of this work is to employ the structure of the Modified Elman Neural Network (MENN) model into the NARMA-L2 structure instead of Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) model in order to construct a new hybrid neural structure that can be used as an identifier model and a nonlinear controller for the SISO linear or nonlinear systems. Two learning algorithms are used to adjust the parameters weight of the hybrid neural structure with its serial-parallel configuration; the first one is supervised learning algorithm based Back Propagation Algorithm (BPA) and the second one is an intelligent algorithm n

This paper studies the combination of fluid viscous dampers in the outrigger system to add supplementary damping into the structure, which purpose to remove the dependability of the structure to lower variable intrinsic damping. This optimizes the accuracy of the dynamic response and by providing higher level of damping, basically minimizes the wanted stiffness of the structure while at the same time optimizing the achievement.

     The modal considered is a 36 storey square high rise reinforced concrete building. By constructing a discrete lumped mass model and using frequency-based response function, two systems of dampers, parallel and series systems are studied. The maximu

This paper presents a study of the geometrically non-linear vibrations of clamped circular plates with variable thickness by taking the effect of large amplitude motion. The maximum thickness is considered to be at the plate center and it is taken to be twice the value of thickness at the edge. The problem is solved by the numerical iteration procedure to obtain the results of vibration amplitudes up to twice the maximum plate thickness. The results are presented for the first two modes of vibration. The obtained results indicate
that increasing the ratio of thickness has the effect of increasing the nonlinear frequency and modify the corresponding mode shape.

Research aims to develop a novel technique for segmental beam fabrication using plain concrete blocks and externally bonded Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers Laminates (CFRP) as a main flexural reinforcement. Six beams designed an experimentally tested under two-point loadings. Several parameters included in the fabrication of segmental beam studied such as; bonding length of carbon fiber reinforced polymers, the surface-to-surface condition of concrete segments, interface condition of the bonding surface, and thickness of epoxy resin layers. Test results of the segmental beams specimens compared with that gained from testing reinforced concrete beam have similar dimensions for validations. The results show the effectiven

This work presents procedures to utilise the finite element results of magnetic flux density vector to create animation tile which displays rapidly successive frames, prepared by postprocessing ,leading to the effect of moving flux to the viewer .The method is applied to 2-D transformt or  model showing excellent animation effect of the alternating flux in both the core area and the leakage flux area. The method is useful in analysis as the dynamic flux monitoring gives more details than static display. The method can be used to produce instructional materials giving the student an impression of the natural behaviour of the electromagnetic devices.

This review provides a detailed look at the current knowledge and approaches related to Dynamic Soil-Structure Interaction (DSSI) in machine foundation design, focusing on its substantial impact on seismic response and structural stability. The significance of this interaction in structural design, especially in areas prone to seismic activity, is pivotal. The paper begins by exploring various modeling methods, like the Finite Element Method (FEM), highlighting their importance in understanding the intricate aspects of DSSI, such as energy loss and interface behavior. It is evident from the studies that FEM is particularly effective in analyzing settlement under reciprocating loads. Soil-structure interaction (SSI) is a

The aim of the present work is to study the controlling of weld defects and dimensions by using robot cell which associated with MIG/MAG welding process. The base metal is evaluated through the chemical analysis, mechanical tests and micro-structure tests, filler metal is also selected and analyzed according to AWS specification. The various welding conditions are chosen to be as suitable as possible such as welding current, arc voltage, travel speed, stick out, protective gases and there is another effective parameter called as torch inclination angles, which has an obvious effect on the weld bead dimensions. Robotic arc welding has been applied and analyzed for the welding of a complex sheet metal product named as product X-11. The pro

Incorporating the LiDAR sensor in the most recent Apple devices represents a substantial development in 3D mapping technology. Meanwhile, Apple's Lidar is still a new sensor. Therefore, this article reviews the potential uses of the Apple Lidar sensor in various fields, including engineering and construction, focusing on indoor and outdoor as-built 3D mapping and cultural heritage conservation. The affordable cost and shorter observation times compared to traditional surveying and other remote sensing techniques make the Apple Lidar an attractive choice among scholars and professionals. This article highlights the need for continued research on the Apple LiDAR sensor technology while discussing its specifications and lim

Orthophoto provides a significant alternative capability for the presentation of architectural or archaeological applications. Although orthophoto production from airphotography of high or lower altitudes is considered to be typical, the close range applications for the large-scale survey of statue or art masterpiece or any kind of monuments still contain a lot of interesting issues to be investigated.

In this paper a test was carried out for the production of large scale orthophoto of highly curved surface, using a statue constructed of some kind of stones. In this test we use stereo photographs to produce the orthophoto in stead of single photo and DTM, by applying the DLT mathematical relationship as base formula in differenti

Flat slabs made of two-way reinforced concrete are a common, effective, and affordable structural method. Thin layer slabs and lightweight are of great importance in modern building construction without the need to increase the cross-section of columns, walls, and foundations. Consequently, it becomes more important to cover all aspects related to stiffness, vibration, and strength of lightweight concrete slabs. To achieve serviceable flat slabs from lightweight concrete (LWC), the comparison between LWC flat plate and flat slab is studied in this article for strength and stiffness. The construction of the flat plate is much easier than other slabs even though the problem facing the flat plate is the punching shear. Henc

This paper presents a numerical simulation of the flow around elliptic groynes by using CFD ‎software. The flow was simulated in a flume with 4m long, 0.4m wide, ‎and 0.175m ‎high ‎‎with a constant bed slope. Moreover, the first Groyne placed at 1m from the flow ‎‎inlet with a ‎constant the Groyne height of 10cm and a 1cm thickness, and the ‎width of Groynes equals ‎7cm‎. A submergence ratio of the elliptic Groynes of 75% was assumed, corresponding to a discharge of ‎0.0057‎m³/sec. The CFD ‎model showed a good ability to simulate the flow ‎around ‎Groynes with ‎ good accuracy. The results of ‎CFD software showed that when using double elliptic Groy

In this study, the kinetics for the reaction of tert-butanol esterification with acetic acid in the presence of Dowex 50Wx8 catalyst was investigated. The reaction kinetic experiments were conducted in 1000 milliliter vessel at temperatures ranged from 50 - 80 oC, catalyst loading 25-50 g/L, and the molar ratios of acetic acid to tert-butanol from 1/3 – 3/1. The reaction rate was found to increase with increasing temperature and catalyst loading. It was also found the conversion of the tert-butanol increases as the molar ratio of acid to alcohol increases from 1/3 – 3/1. The Non-ideality of the liquid phase was taken into account by using activities instead of molar fractions. The activity coefficients were calculated according to th

This paper studies the main characteristics of the traditional urban configuration of Arab cities, as an important built heritage, discussing the approach adopted with such configuration at the local level, and examines its ability to preserve the character of the city, as well as, its responsiveness to the recent  requirements of its society that constantly change; in order to reach the appropriate procedures to deal with the traditional urban configuration of the Iraqi city to achieve a vital cultural communication with the vernacular built heritage, by dealing with the Form-Moral Values structure. Due to its importance within other traditional Iraqi cities, the research chose Al-Kadhimiya as a case study, so it discusses and compares

Lean Six Sigma methodologies and Ergonomics principles are the main pillars of this work given their importance in the implementation of continuous improvement in assembly workstations design. When looking at the introduction of the Ergonomics that has been affected by the integration of the Lean and Six Sigma for improvements, it is necessary to understand why these methodologies belong to each other and how they can be handled in the industrial field. The aim of the work seeks towards the impact of analyzing the integration of the basics tools of Lean and Six Sigma that enhanced Ergonomics highlighted the importance of using the priority matrix in the selection of the priority criteria. Two models of a system based on