There is a continuous demand in geotechnical engineering to find more economical footing. Screw piles provide acceptable or even much more bearing against tensile, compression, lateral, and overturning moment loads with less impact on the environment and surrounding buildings. Screw piles may be utilized either as shallow footing or deep footing, and can be installed in various types of soils except the soils that contain gravel or stiff clay. A screw pile is generally made of high-quality steel shaft with a single helix plate or multiple helixes plates attached to the lower end of the shaft at specified spacing utilized by the designer. The current study highlighted the various theoretical and field methods that were ut

Innovative structural supports, known as skirted foundations, are primarily employed in offshore engineering. Skirted foundations extend below the footing like conventional shallow foundations and carry loads to deeper soil layers. A "skirt" is a wall that surrounds the foundation from one side or more, is connected to the foundation, and functions as a single unit. These skirts are essential for improving overall stability and transferring loads to more stable subsurface layers, which improves the foundation's performance.  Significant features of skirted foundations make them promising for economics and appropriate for use in constructions with large loads and poor soil conditions. It has been demonstrated that skirted foundations are

Reducing friction between orthodontic components, such as archwires and brackets, is crucial in contemporary orthodontic treatments. Coating these components is a significant method to achieve this goal. This research is aimed To investigate the tribological performance of nanocoated 316L stainless steel (SS)—one of the most widely used alloys in orthodontic archwire manufacturing—coated with vanadium (V), tantalum (Ta), and niobium (Nb) via plasma sputtering at varying time intervals (1, 2, and 3 hours) under wet conditions simulating an oral in-service environment, which is unexplored previously in the existing literature. Using a computerized tribo-system applying 1 N for 20 minutes on coated SS substrates, the co

A large amount of thermal energy is generated from burning hazardous chemical wastes, and the temperature of the flue gases in hazardous waste incinerators reaches up to (1200 °C). The flue gases are cooled to (40°C) and are treated before emission. This thermal energy can be utilized to produce electrical power by designing a system suitable for dangerous flue gases in the future depending on the results of much research about using a proto-type small steam power plant that uses safe fuel to study and develop the electricity generation process with water tube boiler which is manufactured experimentally with theoretical development for some of its parts which are inefficient in experimental work. The studied system gen

One of the most important steps in the world of printed circuit board manufacturing (PCB) is the copper etching process. Because of its low cost, environment aspects, and simple regeneration techniques, cupric chloride was chosen to be the most attractive etchant. Etching of copper from standard single-sided copper boards used usually for printed circuit board fabrication was conducted in a cell containing cupric chloride solution. Average etching rates were recorded as a function of time, etchant specific gravity, free acid concentration, and temperature. Air was injected continuously in the etching cell during the process enabling mixing and solution regeneration. It is found that best operating conditions to obtain maximum etching rat

This paper presents a fuzzy logic controller for a two-tank level control system, which is a process with a dead time. The fuzzy controller is a proportional-integral (PI-like) fuzzy controller which is suitable for steady state behavior of the system. Transient behavior of the system was improved without the need for a derivative action by suitable change in the rule base of the controller. Simulation results showed the step response of the two-tank level control system when this controller was used to control this plant and the effect of the dead time on the response of the system.

Ease of transfer between different modes of public transportation within the stations is a significant contribution to the movement that can be provided by transportation industries to develop solutions of integrated transportation. It is future integrated multimodal transportation, to make public transportation more enjoyable and interesting, in addition to passenger transportation and future movement of goods are also depend on multimodal transportation The importance of interchange promotion between multimodal as a basic feature of passengers buildings in modern Railway Stations the Research problem:" con

This paper investigates the potential enhancement of the seismic performance of reinforced concrete square columns by modifying their geometry from prismatic to non-prismatic, while maintaining the same volume. Two one-bay by two-bay three-story RC frames were simulated using ABAQUS software; the first has prismatic columns serving as the reference model, and the second has non-prismatic columns. Static lateral loads were applied to both frames after the application of gravity loads. Additionally, two one-bay by one-bay six-story RC buildings were modeled in ABAQUS; one has prismatic columns and the other has non-prismatic columns. These two models were subjected to the El Centro 0.32g NS 1940 earthquake, and time-histor

Bearing capacity of soil is one of the important matters that occupies the minds of geotechnical engineers, especially in weak soils. In the field of geotechnical engineering, soil improvement is one of the most commonly used techniques. However, difficulties in implementation and increased costs have also caused scientists to look for more efficient and effective techniques. Many researchers as one of the innovative and promising alternatives have identified using skirts beneath shallow foundations in recent years. Their research has demonstrated the effectiveness of this method in treating the condition of the soil beneath the foundation, including enhancing bearing capacity vertically and laterally by 470% and 6.6 tim

A photovoltaic modules convert only a fraction of incident solar energy into electricity, with the remainder dissipated as heat through various loss mechanisms. This study makes an attempt to quantify the recoverable thermal energy from multicrystalline silicon photovoltaic modules under varying irradiance conditions for arid climates. Experimental measurements were conducted over six months in Baghdad, Iraq. Data were filtered to maintain 25°C module temperature across four irradiance levels (250, 500, 750, 1000 W/m²). Results demonstrate thermal losses increasing from 10.33% to 19.02% with rising irradiance, while recoverable thermal energy fraction (ξ_u) ranges from 29.72% to 35.06%. Module efficiency dec

This study numerically investigates the effect of different welding steel plate shapes on the behavior of expanded open web asymmetrical steel composite beams. Increased web depth of asymmetrical steel beams in composite concrete results in increased stiffness and strength. Expanding the web's depth enhances the composite concrete steel beam's strength and performance in specific design scenarios, such as expanded, cellular, or castellated steel composite concrete beams. A horizontal cut in the web in each asymmetrical section can create an expanded web of asymmetrical steel profiles. Two asymmetrical tees can then be assembled, and a plate known as a spacer plate with a constant area and different shapes can be added be

This study examines the concept of urban competition, focusing on the role of heritage urban places in enhancing urban competitiveness. Urban competition refers to a city's ability to possess economic, social, cultural, and security-related competitive advantages within its geographical region compared to other competing cities. Public places and urban landscapes—particularly heritage ones—attract tourists and institutions, thereby enhancing the city's image and interactively influencing the quality of urban life. A relatively rich cultural heritage and urban atmosphere in modern cities contribute to improving the quality of the place or attracting various stakeholders (such as institutions and professionals). Many c

Governments allocate large sums of money annually to establish educational projects such as schools, given the importance of the education sector in the development of society. However, most of these projects suffer from poor performance. This research aims to identify the most important factors that affect educational projects in order to improve their performance and make them a suitable environment for education. Through a review of previous literature, a questionnaire was prepared to obtain the required data, which included five main categories covering a range of factors that affect performance. It was distributed to a number of specialized engineers, with different academic degrees and job titles, working in the ed

One zinc-27 % aluminum alloy (ZA-27) with excellent corrosion resistance and high hardness is ZA-27, making it suitable for industrial applications such as vehicle parts. The alloy works better in tough mechanical conditions because it has carbide particles, like SiC or TiC, added to it, which make it harder, more resistant to wear, and improve its internal structure. Using Minitab statistical software, the design of experiments (DOE) was utilized to conduct studies with a statistical two-level factorial experimental design. The effect of three parameters, SiC particles percentage (X1), stirring speed (X2), and stirring time (X3), was studied on the tensile characteristics of the SiC-enhanced ZA-27. The ingot was smelted

In recent years, there has been exponential growth in the Internet of Things (IoT) in various sectors, especially healthcare. The traditional healthcare sector has faced several challenges, such as poor health services, crowding and queuing at medical centers, and manual searches for or missing patient records; a smart health system is needed to overcome these challenges. This study presents the design and implementation of end-to-end IoT architecture, which is built by the integration of various open-source technologies. The pulse care system is implemented using Node.js and React.js, which offer features such as electronic health records (EHR), smart appointments, prescription documentation, and health monitoring. Addi

The issue of noise transmission between residential units in high-rise buildings poses a significant challenge to privacy and auditory comfort, especially amid increasing urban expansion and population density. This study aims to address this problem by evaluating sound insulation strategies in high-rise residential units and assessing their alignment with international standards within local contexts. Six global residential projects were analyzed based on their adoption of advanced acoustic insulation solutions. The methodology involved examining key design elements such as the spatial distribution between quiet and noisy areas, and the use of insulation materials and techniques for walls, floors, ceilings, doors, and w

Energy efficiency is a significant aspect in designing robust routing protocols for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). A reliable routing protocol has to be energy efficient and adaptive to the network size. To achieve high energy conservation and data aggregation, there are two major techniques, clusters and chains. In clustering technique, sensor networks are often divided into non-overlapping subsets called clusters. In chain technique, sensor nodes will be connected with the closest two neighbors, starting with the farthest node from the base station till the closest node to the base station. Each technique has its own advantages and disadvantages which motivate some researchers to come up with a hybrid routing algorit

In the present work, the step by step technique is used to predict the performance of the power plant condenser. The procedure includes the calculation of pressure distribution, condensation temperature, water inlet and outlet temperature, condensation load distribution and single phase heat transfer sub-cooling. A quasi two dimensions model is applied, one in the tube water direction and the other in the vapor direction. It is applied with different operating conditions of the condenser such as operating pressure, air percentage mixed with steam, cooling water temperature and fouling factor on tube side for summer and winter seasons.
The present model revealed that the fouling resistance has a great effect and plays the major part of

This research presents a new study in reactive distillation by adopting a consecutive reaction . The adopted consecutive reaction was the saponification reaction of diethyl adipate with NaOH solution. The saponification reaction occurs in two steps. The distillation process had the role of withdrawing the intermediate product i.e. monoethyl adipate from the reacting mixture before the second conversion to disodium adipate occurred. It was found that monoethyl adipate appeared successfully in the distillate liquid. The percentage conversion from di-ester to monoester was greatly enhanced (reaching 86%) relative to only 15.3% for the case of reaction without distillation .This means 5 times enhancement . The presence of two layers in both

The behavior of structural concrete beams is studied under short-term loading. A computer program developed originally by Oukaili to evaluate curvature is modified to evaluate the deflection for flexural structural concrete members. The program deals with actual stress-strain relationships of concrete and steel. The analysis is based on requirements of equilibrium and compatibility of strain in concrete and reinforcement. The proposed model is used in conjunction with the step by step analysis for small loading increments that allows the determination of the history of strain and stress in concrete with prestressing steel or non-prestressing reinforcement only or prestressing and non-prestressing reinforcement together. The evaluation of

This work is concerned with the study of the effect of cement types, particularly OPC and SRPC, which are the main cement types manufactured in Iraq. In addition, study the effect of mineral admixtures, which are HRM and SF on the resistance of high performance concrete (HPC) to internal sulphate attack. The HRM is used at (10%) and SF is used at (8 and 10)% as a partial replacement by weight of cement for both types. The percentages of sulphate investigated are (1,2 and 3)% by adding natural gypsum as a partial replacement by weight of fine aggregate. The tests carried out in this work are: compressive strength, flexural strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity, and density at the age of 7, 28, 90 and 120 days.

The r

After studying the reality of application to occupational safety in new Iraqi building projects and sampling the situation wilt that in developed and neighboring countries, researcher found that there is a big gap in the level of safety application conditions, this indicates the need fora quick and clear reference for local engineers to use it on site for safety conditions in their projects . As a case study the monitors work the researcher studied a huge project in the United Arab Emirates.This project considered for safety requirements to highest grades. This case study may be far away from the projects in Iraq, but we hope to rise the Iraqi work level in the near future. After seeing the way of administration work and how they were ra

The present study investigates the effect of the de-sanding (recycling system) on the bearing capacity of the bored piles. Full-scale models were conducted on two groups of piles, the first group was implemented without using this system, and the second group was implemented using the recycling system. All piles were tested by static load test, considering the time factor for which the piles were implemented. The test results indicated a significant and clear difference in the bearing capacity of the piles when using this system. The use of the recycling system led to a significant increase in the bearing capacity of the piles by 50% or more. Thus it was possible to reduce the pile length by (15 % or more) thus, and implementation costs

Asphalt Hot Mix (HMA) is mainly applied in highway construction in Iraq because of its economic advantage and easy maintenance. Various factors impact the performance of HMA in the field. It is one of the significant impacts on aggregate gradation. The Universal Specification for Roads and Bridges in Iraq (SCRB) limits the different types of asphalt layers and allows for designed tolerance aggregate gradation. It is quite hard for contractors in the present asphalt industries to achieve the required job mix because of sieves' control problems. This study focuses on the effects on the required specification performance of aggregate deviations by using original and modified asphalt binder with AC(40-50) and

Corrosion inhibiting admixtures are unique among other methods to protect reinforced concrete from corrosion damage. In this study, the effect of furfural on the fresh and hardened properties of concrete mixes of 35 and 45 MPa compressive strengths as well as the corrosion inhibition of furfural was evaluated. Furfural was added at different dosages (1, 2 and 3% by weight of cement) with and without superplasticizer (HRWR). Different electrochemical measurements were performed (Half-cell potential, Tafel plot and linear polarization resistance). Electrochemical measurements confirmed that furfural dramatically reduces the rate of corrosion; the inhibition efficiencies were 62.7 and 63.8 % due to 3% furfural addition to 35 and 45MPa-concr

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A time series analysis can help to observe the behavior of the system and specify the system faults. In addition, it also helps to explain the various energy flows in the system and further aid in reducing the thermodynamic losses. The intelligent supervisory LabVIEW software can monitor the incoming data from the system by using Arduino microcontroller and calculates the important parameters. Energy, exergy, and anergy analysis present in this paper to investigate the system performance as well as its components. To accomplish this, a 4-ton vertical split air conditioner based on vapor compression refrigeration cycle charged with refrigerant R-22 was modified for experimental analysis. The results showed that during 540

The Main Outfall drain pumping station in Nassiriyah is an important part in operation  system of the Main Outfall Drain (MOD) where it reduces the water levels in the U/S area of its and converted through Syphon freely under the Euphrates, its consists of several parts: U/S Basin, Station Building which contains 12 pumps, and Head Basin with Syphon, This station suffers from high levels especially in D/S area due to the current situation which is represented by establishing of dyke with pipes on MOD which located at 24 km from D/S of pumping station and Al-Khamisiyah Canal which located at 2.3 km from the U/S of dyke which feeds(Al Hammar Marsh) during drought season, several scenarios were adopted in order to expl

In this paper, effective slab width for the composite beams is investigated with special emphasis on the effect of web openings. A three dimensional finite element analysis, by using finite element code ANSYS, is employed to investigate shear lag phenomenon and the resulting effective slab width adopted in the classical T-beam approach. According to case studies and comparison with limitations and rules stipulated by different standards and codes of practice it is found that web openings presence and panel proportion are the most critical factors affecting effective slab width, whereas concrete slab thickness and steel beam depth are less significant. The presence of web opening reduces effective slab width by about 21%.