Soil vapor extraction (SVE) is a proven effective in-situ technology for the removal of volatile
organic compounds (VOCs) from the subsurface. SVE process is highly sensitive to temperature.
Studying annual soil temperature variation with depth declares that there is a considerable temperature
variation in the upper few meters that may affect the overall efficiency of SVE process.
A numerical model was developed to aid in investigation of field-scale soil vapor extraction
process. The model is three-dimensional, time dependent that simulates nonisothermal vapor flow and
transport of multicomponent mixtures in soil and keeps track of the distribution of each compound in
the other three immobile phases (NAPL, aqueous,

This paper introduces a new method in the multispectral image fusion based on ridgelet
transform which represents edges better than wavelets. Since edges play a fundamental rule in
image understanding, one good way to enhance spatial resolution is to enhance the edges. Ridgelet
based image fusion method provides richer information in the spatial and spectral domains
simultaneously. Also another method introduced based on new Hybrid transform which is
improvement from the Ridgelet transform. Here we used our method to merge the panchromatic
image of IKONOS sensor (1m resolution) with its multispectral image (4m resolution). The
software used in this paper is (Matlab V 7.0.4 ).

Aiming at energy preservation and depending on the production of years of expertise and hard work of international research laboratories in the area of energy preservation and finding alternatives and undepleted energy sources in all aspects and various areas of the world, all these institutions asserted on following the Sustainable Design Method. It pursues the integrated building design method,
which is one of the modern methods in the domain of energy preservation . This method focuses on the building's perfection from the very first stages of the design process, Through integration between the building components and mechanical services and supplementary systems in it and the impact exchange positively among
them instead of

Recently new and multiple concepts emerged in the sustainability issues ,which transformed into number of planning and designing policies and strategies that must be committed by the designers and the relevant trends in building ,regarding Iraq and the reality of industrial areas ,especially in Baghdad, which helped to sustain few of it & emerged another with bad reflect ,which for that made it clear the importance of implicating sustainable ecological planning and designing strategies provided by the concept of Eco-industrial parks and the concept of Ecotowns and the future potentials provided ,and the easiness of carrying it out which made it flexible and away to provide a base supported by it for rebuilding and rehabilitation and

In the present study, a nonlinear three-dimensional finite element analysis has been used to predict the load-deflection and moment-rotation behaviors of composite encased beams consisting of preflex steel sections using the finite element computer program (ANSYS V. 10). Composite encased beams are analyzed and a comparison is made with available experimental moment-rotation curves, good agreement with the experimental results is observed. Camber of steel section is introduced on the steel section of the composite beams encased in concrete. It is found that using of preflex section can increase the ultimate load capacity of the composite encased beam by relatively (15%) and also it is found that rotations are nearly (65% to 80%) the rota

Existence of these soils, sometimes with high gypsum content, caused difficult problems to the buildings and strategic projects due to dissolution and leaching of gypsum by the action of waterflow through soil mass. In this research, a new technique is adopted to investigate the performance of replacement and geosynthetic reinforcement materials to improve the gypseous soil behavior through experimential set up manufactured loaclally specially for this work. A series of tests were carried out using steel container (600*600*500) mm. A square footing (100*100) mm was placed at the center of the top surface of the bed soil. The results showed that the most effective thickness for the dune sand layer with geotextile at the interface, within

This research is concerned to investigate the behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) deep beams strengthened with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) strips. The experimental part of this research is carried out by testing seven RC deep beams having the same dimensions and steel reinforcement which have been divided into two groups according to the strengthening schemes. Group one was consisted of three deep beams strengthened with vertical U-wrapped CFRP strips. While, Group two was consisted of three deep beams strengthened with inclined CFRP strips oriented by 45^o with the longitudinal axis of the beam. The remaining beam is kept unstrengthening as a reference beam. For each group, the variable considered

This work dealt with separation of naphthenic hydrocarbons from non-naphthenic hydrocarbons and in particular concerns an improved process for increasing the naphthenes concentration in naphtha, The separation was examined using adsorption by Y and  B zeolite in a fixed bed process. The concentration of naphthenes in the influent and effluent streams was determined using PONA classification. The effect of different operating variables such as feed flow rate (2- 4 L/hr); bed length (50 - 80 cm) on the adsorption capacity of Y and  zeolite was studied. Increasing the bed length lead to increase the naphthenes concentration, and increasing the flow rate lead to decrease in the concentration of naphthenes, It was found that the decrease

A new correlation to calculate the solid stresses at the contact face between the pipe and the mud cake, for the case of differential pipe sticking (DPS), is developed. The proposed correlation takes into consideration the effect of setting (contact) time, thickness of mud cake, and viscosity of mud filtrate on the behavior of the solid stresscs. A good match is obtained between the present correlation,the measured values, and terzaghi trend for calculating the resulted solid stresses. This in turn leads to estimate the minimum force required to free the stuck pipe.

This study employs an integrated research model to examine the syntax properties of the historic urban network in older Baghdad, explaining how spatial configurations affect urban functions and land use. The relationship between the street network and land use pattern is again the focus for architects and urban planners trying to revitalize historic urban cores. In this research, a multi-method approach is used, incorporating GIS, space syntax analysis, statistical correlations, and site observations, to systematically analyze the syntactic properties of the street network in Old Rusafa. The examination was conducted within a 400m radius of Old Rusafa's historic urban fabric to analyze the syntactic processes that govern

This review offers an overview of key developments that may assist researchers in improving thermal management strategies for photovoltaic systems across different environmental conditions. It's worth noting that temperature significantly affects the efficiency of photovoltaic systems. As operating temperatures rise, energy production decreases, impacting the system's lifetime. The main focus of this research paper, which examines recent developments in thermal management technologies for photovoltaic systems, is the use of fin-based cooling technologies. he efficiency of passive, active, and hybrid cooling technologies was evaluated, focusing on their ability to dissipate heat and increase the efficiency of photovoltaic

Radiation is the emission of energy in the form of particles or photons, and it has two types: cosmic radiation and terrestrial radiation. Materials that emit radiation as they decay over time are called naturally occurring radioactive elements. This study, which was conducted at the Asalah site after removing radioactive contamination, included taking 15 samples from different locations at the site and conducting radiological tests on them using the HpGe (high-purity germanium) system available at the laboratory of Iraqi Atomic Energy Commission- Radiological and Nuclear Applications and Laboratories Directorate From this study one can see that the average value of specific activity for ²²⁶Ra was 15.51 Bq/kg,

This paper proposes a novel control strategy for a Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) to effectively mitigate voltage and current disturbances in three-phase four-wire (3P-4W) systems. Existing UPQC control approaches often struggle to address unbalanced load conditions, resulting in significant power quality degradation. This research addresses this gap by introducing a fast fuzzy logic (FFZ) controller, which, in comparison to traditional PI controllers, offers enhanced performance in managing DC voltage fluctuations and generating accurate reference currents for the shunt active filter. The proposed FFZ controller effectively minimizes the impact of unbalanced loads on DC voltage, reducing error and improving ov

The shear strength of soil is one of the most important soil properties that should be identified before any foundation design. The presence of gypseous soil exacerbates foundation problems. In this research, an approach to forecasting shear strength parameters of gypseous soils based on basic soil properties was created using Artificial Neural Networks. Two models were built to forecast the cohesion and the angle of internal friction. Nine basic soil properties were used as inputs to both models for they were considered to have the most significant impact on soil shear strength, namely: depth, gypsum content, passing sieve no.200, liquid limit, plastic limit, plasticity index, water content, dry unit weight, and initial

The one-dimensional, spherical coordinate, non-linear partial differential equation of transient heat conduction through a hollow spherical thermal insulation material of a thermal conductivity temperature dependent property proposed by an available empirical function is solved analytically using Kirchhoff’s transformation. It is assumed that this insulating material is initially at a uniform temperature. Then, it is suddenly subjected at its inner radius with a step change in temperature. Four thermal insulation materials were selected. An identical analytical solution was achieved when comparing the results of temperature distribution with available analytical solution for the same four case studies that assume a constant thermal con

ANN modeling is used here to predict missing monthly precipitation data in one station of the eight weather stations network in Sulaimani Governorate. Eight models were developed, one for each station as for prediction. The accuracy of prediction obtain is excellent with correlation coefficients between the predicted and the measured values of monthly precipitation ranged from (90% to 97.2%). The eight ANN models are found after many trials for each station and those with the highest correlation coefficient were selected. All the ANN models are found to have a hyperbolic tangent and identity activation functions for the hidden and output layers respectively, with learning rate of (0.4) and momentum term of (0.9), but with different data

The present study deals with the removal of dyes from the effluent of the state company for cotton textile industries located at Al-Khadmya by using oven dried alum sludge (ODS) as adsorbent. Two different dyes; Direct black and solar brown are studied. Alum sludge was collected from Al-Qadisiya water treatment plant; it was heated in an oven at 105°C for 24 hours, then cooled at room temperature and crushed to produce particle sizes of 1.18-2.36 and 4-4.75 mm. Batch and fixed bed mode were used. In batch experiments the effect of oven dried alum sludge weight on adsorption process and equilibrium isotherm were studied by using 15-125 g/l of oven dried alum sludge for direct black and 15-175 g/l for solar brown, with constant initial dy

In order to understand the effect of (length of pile / diameter of pile) ratio on the load carrying capacity and settlement reduction behavior of piled raft resting on loose sand, laboratory model tests were conducted on small-scale models. The parameters studied were the effect of pile length and the number of piles. The load settlement behavior obtained from the tests has been validated by using 3-D finite element in ABAQUS program, was adopted to understand the load carrying response of piled raft and settlement reduction. The results of experimental work show that the increase in (Lp/dp) ratio led to increase in load carrying capacity by piled raft from (19.75 to 29.35%), (14.18 to 28.87%) and (0 to 16.49%) , the maximum load carried

Surface drip irrigation is one of the most conservative irrigation techniques that help control providing water directly on the soil through the emitters. It can supply fertilizer and providing water directly to plant roots by drippers. One of the essential needs for trickle irrigation nowadays is to obtain more knowledge about the moisture pattern under the trickling source for various types of soil with various discharge levels with trickle irrigation. Simulation numerical using HYDRUS-2D software, version 2.04 was used to estimate an equation for the wetted area from a single surface drip irrigation in unsaturated soil is taking into account water uptake by roots. In this paper, using two soil types were used, namely

One of the wellbore instability problems in vertical wells are breakouts in Zubair oilfield. Breakouts, if exceeds its critical limits will produce problems such as loss circulation which will add to the non-productive time (NPT) thus increasing loss in costs and in total revenues. In this paper, three of the available rock failure criteria (Mohr-Coulomb, Mogi-Coulomb and Modified-Lade) are used to study and predict the occurrence of the breakouts. It is found that there is an increase over the allowable breakout limit in breakout width in Tanuma shaly formation and it was predicted using Mohr-Coulomb criterion. An increase in the pore pressure was predicted in Tanuma shaly formation, thus; a new mud weight and casing pr

A simple straightforward mathematical method has been developed to cluster grid nodes on a boundary segment of an arbitrary geometry that can be fitted by a relevant polynomial. The method of solution is accomplished in two steps. At the first step, the length of the boundary segment is evaluated by using the mean value theorem, then grids are clustered as desired, using relevant linear clustering functions. At the second step, as the coordinates cell nodes have been computed and the incremental distance between each two nodes has been evaluated, the original coordinate of each node is then computed utilizing the same fitted polynomial with the mean value theorem but reversibly.

The method is utilized to predict

This study focuses on the slab-beam interaction in one-way systems. In the context of this study, slab-beam interaction means how beam deflection can affect moment distribution in one-way slabs. This interaction is usually neglected in the traditional approximate analysis that is adopted in engineering practice and design codes. Slab positive moments have been considered as indicators on the accuracy of approximate methods, as they overestimate negative moments while underestimating positive moments.

After proposing of effecting parameters in slab-beam interaction including of panel length and width, beam dimensions, and slab thickness, Buckingham’s  theorem has been adopted to transform the dimensional-mo

          This paper deals with studying the effect of hole inclination angle on computing slip velocity and consequently its effect on lifting capacity. The study concentrates on selected vertical wells in Rumaila field, Southern Iraq. Different methods were used to calculate lifting capacity. Lifting capacity is the most important factor for successful drilling and which reflex on preventing hole problems and reduces drilling costs. Many factors affect computing lifting capacity, so hence the effect of hole inclination angle on lifting capacity will be shown in this study. A statistical approach was used to study the lifting capacity values which deal with the effect of hole

Taguchi experimental design (TED) is applied to find the optimum effectiveness of aqueous Red Pomegranate Peel (RPP) extract as a green inhibitor for the corrosion of mild steel in 2M H₃PO₄ solution. The Taguchi methodology has been used to study the effects of changing, temperature, RPP concentration and contact period, at three levels. Weight-loss measurements were designed by construction a L₉ orthogonal arrangement of experiments.   Results of the efficiencies of inhibition were embraced for the signal to noise proportion & investigation of variance (ANOVA).  The results were further processed with a MINITAB-17 software package to find the optimal condition

This research aims to co-register UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) photogrammetry and Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) for volumetric measurements of irregularly shaped material stacks available at construction sites in Iraq. The research investigates the potential of combining these techniques in comparison to standalone and traditional techniques to improve volume quantification and time consumption. An area containing a stockpile of bulk materials and building remnants was selected. A low-cost drone was used for data acquisition, whereas Structure from Motion (SFM) and Multi View Stereo (MVS) algorithms were used for processing and analysing the photogrammetric data. In contrast, Stonex X300 TLS device was used for laser

Nigeria's limited freshwater resources are at risk due to the discharge of wastewater from water-intensive industries, such as food processing, that does not comply with the regulations of the National Environmental Standards and Regulation Enforcement Agency (NESREA). This could significantly harm both the ecosystem and human health. This study aims to assess the physicochemical and biological properties of wastewater discharged from selected bakeries in Benin City, Nigeria, to determine compliance with NESREA standards and highlight potential environmental risks. Wastewater samples were randomly collected from five bakeries in Benin City and examined for their physicochemical and biological features. The findings indic

Universities are among spaces where it's important to ensure thermal comfort in indoor spaces, improving the occupants' well-being and productivity. The problem of the research was to study appropriate glazing systems for the spaces of the University of Baghdad because glazing systems are one of the most important elements of the indoor environments, and it has a major impact on the thermal performance of buildings. Glass is one of the most seasoned materials that are most utilized in the design. Since it is a diaphanous material, it allows sunlight to enter the building, increasing the space's temperature, cooling loads, and energy consumption in summer. The research followed the experimental method by studying and

With an emphasis on individuals with Type 1 diabetes, this study reviews blood glucose management techniques during the last five years. A brief introduction is provided to show how this biological issue turns out to be a control system issue in terms of plasma blood glucose management. This paper discusses new research on automated insulin delivery using the Bergman mathematical model. An attempt has been made to undertake a systematic review of the research that has been done so far in the development of artificial pancreas systems. The conclusion describes the development of a cognitive glucose-insulin controller and provides a fundamental grasp of how the nonlinear Bergman model for blood glucose regulation can be us

Quality control charts are limited to controlling one characteristic of a production process, and it needs a large amount of data to determine control limits to control the process. Another limitation of the traditional control chart is that it doesn’t deal with the vague data environment. The fuzzy control charts work with the uncertainty that exists in the data. Also, the fuzzy control charts investigate the random variations found between the samples. In modern industries, productivity is often of different designs and a small volume that depends on the market need for demand (short-run production) implemented in the same type of machines to the production units. In such cases, it is difficult to determine the contr

Environmental quality for a healthy life is a major focus of scientific studies on human life and health. Rapid economic growth and urbanization have exposed major cities such as Baghdad to the risk of environmental problems, including desertification, air and water pollution, and high greenhouse gas emissions. These risks can be studied and assessed using Geographic Information Systems (GIS), which provide a comprehensive understanding of environmental issues and evidence-based remedies. Focusing on water and air pollution, this study will examine and assess environmental risks in Baghdad. The study identified areas with high concentrations of PM10, NO₂, and SO₂ through analyzing GIS maps. These ar