In Iraq most of the small buildings deployed a conventional air conditioning technology which typically uses electrically driven compressor systems which exhibits several clear disadvantages such as high energy consumption, high electricity at peak loads. In this work a thermal performance of air conditioning system combined with a solar collector is investigated theoretically. The hybrid air conditioner consists of a semi hermetic compressor, water cooled shell and tube condenser, thermal expansion valve and coil with tank evaporator. The theoretical analysis included a simulation for the solar assisted air-conditioning system using EES software to analyze the effect of different parameters on the power consumption of c

This research aims to study the effect of microwave furnace heat on the mechanical properties and fatigue life of aluminum alloy (AA 2024-T3). Four conditions were used inside microwave furnace (specimens subjected to heat as dry for 30 and 60min. and specimens subjected to heat as wet (water) for 30 and 60 min.), and compared all results with original alloy (AA 2024-T3). Tensile, fatigue, hardness and surface roughness tests were used in this investigation. It is found that hardness of dry conditions is higher than wet conditions and it increases with increasing of time duration inside microwave furnace for dry and wet conditions. Also, tensile strength has the same behavior of hardness, but it increases with decreasing

The present work is concerned with the theoretical and experimental investigation of flow pattern of Newtonian fluid in liquid mixing process in stirred tank with flat blade impeller. A threedimensional model for mixing process was simulated. The effected parameters are rotation speed and impeller diameter. Continuity, momentum, and turbulent equations were solved by ANSYS package software 5.4 code with FLOTRAN/CFD based on Finite Element method. In the experimental work, two visualization methods are used in this work, the first method is the acidbase reaction visualization method and the second is the particle distribution visualization method.
Different chemical materials were used in the first method, NaOH as a base, 2 4 H SO as a

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The effect of using solutions of ethanol and gas-oil (duel fuel) to fuel the diesel engine on engine performance and heat release have been studied experimentally. A single cylinder diesel engine type Recardo (E6/US) was used and the ethanol percentage in the solution was varied from 0 to 20 percent. The results showed that, in general, addition of ethanol to gas-oil cause the maximum power output to decrease at medium and high range of speed and it was nearly the same as that of the straight gas -oil at low speed ranges. The specific fuel consumption of the dual is nearly the same as that of straight gas-oil at low and medium ranges of load. But at high ranges of load the specific fuel consumption was increase. In general, the addition

Ad-Hoc Networks are a generation of networks that are truly wireless, and can be easily constructed without any operator. There are protocols for management of these networks, in which the effectiveness and the important elements in these networks are the Quality of Service (QoS). In this work the evaluation of QoS performance of MANETs is done by comparing the results of using AODV, DSR, OLSR and TORA routing protocols using the Op-Net Modeler, then conduct an extensive set of performance experiments for these protocols with a wide variety of settings. The results show that the best protocol depends on QoS using two types of applications (+ve and –ve QoS in the FIS evaluation). QoS of the protocol varies from one prot

In this work, a convex lens concentrating solar collector is designed and manufactured locally by using 10 convex lenses (concentrator) of a diameter 10cm and one Copper absorber tube of a diameter 12.5mm and 1mm in thickness 1m length. Two axes manual Tracking system also constructed to track the sun continuously in two directions. The experiments are made on 17^th of May 2015 in climatic conditions of Baghdad. The experimental data are fed to a computer program to solve the thermal performing equation, to find efficiency and actual useful energy. Then this data is used in numerical CFD software for three different absorber diameters (12.5 mm, 18.75 mm and 25 mm). From the results that obtained the maximum the

Water quality control is an important protection issue. The analysis of the water quality parameters and the prediction of their changes in future, are important in the planning for water pollution control program. This analysis and prediction are the important steps and functions that the environmental engineer must perform. In this study, time series analysis was applied to model a short term forecasting for the minimum and the maximum values for both raw and produced water of Sulfate concentrations at seven
water treatment plants serving Baghdad city (Karkh, Sharq Dijlah, Karama, Wathba, Qadisiya, Dora, and Rasheed).
Holt-Winters' method was used for the modeling. Three years (2001-2003) were used for building the model and the

Among the many branches of security, authentication and confidentiality are very important to be provided. This work studies authentication focusing on the authentication systems supported by Windows 2000 family, especially Kerberos. As a result of this study, some unconvincing points are found along with others that are considered as weaknesses, such as being subject to offline
dictionary attacks and the lack of perfect forward secrecy. Hence, some protocols (for authentication and key agreement) are chosen to build an authentication system that takes into consideration the observations on Windows 2000 systems. Based on this system, a security service provider is developed. The proposed provider isolates the developer from the compl

Experiments were carried out to study the local and average heat transfer by natural convection in
a vertical concentric cylindrical annulus. The experimental setup consists of an annulus has a radius ratio
of 0.555 and inner cylinder with a heated length 1.2m subjected to the constant heat flux while the outer
cylinder is subjected to the ambient temperature. The investigation covers heat flux range from 58.2
W/m2
to 274.31 W/m2
. Results show an increase in the natural convection as heat flux increases leads to
an improve in the heat transfer process. An empirical equation of average Nusselt number as a function of
Raylieh number was deduced .

 Friction stir welding (FSW) is a solid state joining method for metal and is widely used for

Al-Alloys. In the present work ,temperature distributions were investigated for Aluminum alloy

(7008), the effect of the main welding parameters such as rotational speed (tool speed) and liner

speed (welding speed) on the temperature distribution were investigated .The results show that the

rotational speed has a strong effect on the temperature distribution and this effect increases with

This study presents an integrated solution to the challenges in the global fashion and design industry, prioritizing worker well-being and environmental sustainability. Through an ergonomic framework, it aims to achieve sustainability and cost-effectiveness. The research employs established tools like RULA and REBA and diverse methods, including observations, interviews, and questionnaires, to quantitatively and qualitatively assess ergonomic risks. The study guides the clothing sector towards a more ethical, sustainable, and efficient production paradigm, bridging the gap between ergonomics, sustainability, and cost-effectiveness. It addresses the need for a conscientious transformation, ensuring economic growth aligns

A case study had been made to investigate the reasons of the repetitive failure during concrete tiles
testing. Cubes, cylinders, and prisms in addition to full-scale concrete tiles had been prepared. Half of these samples were made using the same popular concrete mix. Test results indicated that, these samples were below standard requirements. The second half of the test samples was prepared using a newly designed concrete mix. Based upon the recommended breaking load, the required flexural strength of the tiles was calculated. This mix was designed to comply a flexural strength that was recommended by specifications. Care had been also concentrated on aggregate grading and concrete curing. Tests showed positive results. In spite of t

Before corresponding points in photos taken with two cameras can be used to recover distances to
objects in a scene, one has to determine the position and orientation of one camera relative to the
other. This is the classic photogrammetric problem of aerotriangulation. Iterative methods for
determining X,Y,Z ground positions for unknown points using aerotriangulation process, were
developed long ago; without them we would not have most of the topographic maps we do today.
Described here in this research a simple iterative scheme for recovering relative orientation process
then applying intersection problem (vector method) using the condition of coplanarity, out of the
usual for photogrammetrists in using the familiar

يناقش البحث طبيعة العلاقة بين مفهوم الهوية الذي يوحي بالثبات والتكرار ومفهوم الإبداع الذي يوحي بالتجدد والتغير، ويتقصى المشكلة الناجمة من إدراك التعارض بينهما. ويفترض البحث أن العمل الأصيل للمعماري كذات ومصمم له شخصية وإنتماؤه يحمل هويته ويدسم

بالإبداع.

ويتحقق الإبداع في عمله بتحقيق التوازن بين مستويين: مستوى الفكر ومستوى النتاج الفيزياوي الذي تتضح به علاقة شكل مادة والتي تدرك بالحس البشري ينقصى

Phase change materials (PCMs) such as paraffin wax can be used to store or release large amount of energy at certain temperature at which their solid-liquid phase changes occurs. Paraffin wax that used in latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) has low thermal conductivity. In this study, the thermal conductivity of paraffin wax has been enhanced by adding different mass concentration (1wt.%, 3wt.%, 5wt.%) of (TiO₂) nano-particles with about (10nm) diameter. It is found that the phase change temperature varies with adding (TiO₂) nanoparticles in to the paraffin wax. The thermal conductivity of the composites is found to decrease with increasing temperature. The increase in thermal conductivity ha

A numerical method is developed to obtain two-dimensional velocity and pressure distribution through a cylindrical pipe with cross jet flows. The method is based on solving partial differential equations for the conservation of mass and momentum by finite difference method to convert them into algebraic equations. This well-known problem is used to introduce the basic concepts of CFD including: the finite- difference mesh, the discrete nature of the numerical solution, and the dependence of the result on the mesh refinement. Staggered grid implementation of the numerical model is used. The set of algebraic equations is solved simultaneously by “SIMPLE” algorithm to obtain velocity and pressure distribution within a pipe. In order to

The aim of this work is oriented to increase film cooling effectiveness value through numerical investigations for flow of Mach number not more than 0.3 around vane surface, to find the effects of inclination and compounds angles of round holes in staggered rows on adiabatic film cooling effectiveness of vane suction side. Multi cylindrical film cooling hole cases were studied with pitch ratio P/d =2 and 3, local blowing ratios M=0.382, 0.77 and 1.14,  inclination angles a=30° and 45°, compound angles β= 0°, 15°, 30° and 45° and local momentum ratios I= 0.084, 0.34 and 0.756  for better cooling process.

            A numerica

Hydrogen fuel is a good alternative to fossil fuels. It can be produced using a clean energy without contaminated emissions. This work is concerned with experimental study on hydrogen production via solar energy. Photovoltaic module is used to convert solar radiation to electrical energy. The electrical energy  is used for electrolysis of water into hydrogen and oxygen by using alkaline water electrolyzer with stainless steel electrodes. A MATLAB computer program is developed to solve a four-parameter-model and predict the characteristics of PV module under Baghdad climate conditions. The hydrogen production system is tested at different NaOH mass concentration of (50,100, 200, 300) gram. The maximum hydrogen produc

     University Campuses, as any lively physical entity, is subject to continuous variation due to . growth, development and change. This reality covers the existing or futuristic additives or  additions, consecutively these changes may have a strong sensation of disorientation as a result of formatic changes in buildings, or in movement paths. And it epitomized the research problem to "the need for knowledge to clarify the impact of intellectual and executive policy in achieving coherence, functional and space organization of the elements of the university urban environment and in the stages of future growth and change,"  the search targeted "to highlight the study of constraction politics on campus Bmqomad

Face Identification is an important research topic in the field of computer vision and pattern recognition and has become a very active research area in recent decades. Recently multiwavelet-based neural networks (multiwavenets) have been used for function approximation and recognition, but to our best knowledge it has not been used for face Identification. This paper presents a novel approach for the Identification of human faces using Back-Propagation Adaptive Multiwavenet. The proposed multiwavenet has a structure similar to a multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network with three layers, but the activation function of hidden layer is replaced with multiscaling functions. In experiments performed on the ORL face database it achieved a

This search is mainly concerned with making a comparison between three methods for analyzing
continuous concrete bridges, Priestly, Abdul-Ahad and finite elements. Three standard Design
temperature distribution, New Zealand, AASHTO and British (5400) were used to analyze the
concrete bridges in Baghdad. The analysis of two continues precast prestressed concrete bridges in
Baghdad are presented. Another comparison as made between the thermal stresses and the stress
associated with dead and live loads. Analytical results indicated that stresses and curvature values
are very sensitive to the type of temperature distribution assumed. The suggested analytical models
for the bridge can be used to be predict thermal movemen

This study aims to evaluate drinking water quality at the Al Wahda plant (WTP) in Baghdad city. A conventional water treatment plant with an average flow rate of 72.82 MLD. Water samples were taken from the influent and effluent of the treatment plant and analyzed for some physicochemical and biological parameters during the period from June to November 2020. The results of the evaluation indicate that treated water has almost the same characteristics as raw water; in other terms, the plant units do not remove pollutants as efficiently as intended. Based on this, the station appears to be nothing more than a series of water passage units. However, apart from Total dissolved solids, the mean values of all parameters in th

Co-composting process can be acquired by combining organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) with sewage sludge (SS) and mature compost (MC) as enhancement and bulking agent to overcome the problems of municipal solid waste and wastewater treatment plants besides the finally produced fertilizer usage for agriculture and horticulture. The effects of different mixture ratios of (OFMSW), (SS) and (MC) on the performance of composting process were investigated in this study. Piles of about 10 kg were prepared by mixing OFMSW, SS and MC in three different ratios (w/w) [OFMSW: SS: MC= 3:1:1, 3:2:1, and 3:3:1]. Results showed that the pile [3:1:1] was most beneficial to composting. The final compost products contained a

A high settlement may take place in shallow footing when resting on liquefiable soil if subjected to earthquake loading. In this study, a series of shaking table tests were carried out for shallow footing resting on sand soil. The input motion is three earthquake loadings (0.05g, 0.1g, and 0.2g). The study includes a reviewing of theoretical equations (available in literatures), which estimating settlement of footings due to earthquake loading, calibration, and verification of these equations with data from the shaking table test for improved soil by grouting and unimproved soil. It is worthy to note that the grouting materials considered in this study are the Bentonite and CKD slurries. A modification to the seismic set

Soil stabilization with stone powder is a good solution for the construction of subgrade for road way and railway lines, especially under the platforms and mostly in transition zones between embankments and rigid structures, where the mechanical properties of supporting soils are very influential. Stone powder often has a unique composition which justifies the need for research to study the feasibility of using this stone powder type for ground improvement applications. This paper presents results from a comprehensive laboratory study carried out to investigate the feasibility of using stone powder for improvement of engineering properties of clays.

The stone powder contains bassanite (CaSO₄. ½ H

Due to wind wave actions, ships impacts, high-speed vehicles and others resources of loading, structures such as high buildings rise bridge and electric transmission towers undergo significant coupled moment loads. In this study, the effect of increasing the value of coupled moment and increasing the rigidity of raft footing on the horizontal deflection by using 3-D finite element using ABAQUS program. The results showed that the increasing the coupled moment value leads to an increase in lateral deflection and increase in the rotational angle (α◦). The rotational angle increases from (0.014, 0.15 to 0.19) at coupled moment (120 kN.m), (0.29, 0.31 and 0.49) at coupled moment (240 kN.m) and (0.57, 0.63 and 1.03) at cou

The electrocoagulation process became one of the most important technologies used for water treatment processes in the last few years. It’s the preferred method to remove suspended solids and heavy metals from water for treating drinking water and wastewater from textile, diary, and electroplating factories. This research aims to study the effect of using the electrocoagulation process with aluminum electrodes on the removal efficiency of suspended solids and turbidity presented in raw water and optimizing by the response surface methodology (RSM). The most important variables studied in this research included electrode spacing, the applied voltage, and the operating time of the electrocoagulation process. The samples

The Wheat husk is one of the common wastes abundantly available in the Middle East countries especially in Iraq. The present study aimed to evaluate the Wheat husk as low cost material, eco-friendly adsorbents for the removal of the carcinogenic dye (Congo red dye) from wastewater by investigate the effect of, at different conditions such as, pH(3-10), amount of adsorbents (1-2.3gm/L),and particle size (125-1000) μm, initial Congo red dye concentration(10, 25 , 50 and 75mg/l)  by batch experiments. The results showed that the removal percentage of dye increased with increasing adsorbent dosage, and decreasing particle size. The maximum removal and uptake reached (91%) , 21.5mg/g, respectively for 25 initial concent

Roller-Compacted Concrete (RCC) is a zero-slump concrete, with no forms, no reinforcing steel, no finishing and is wet enough to support compaction by vibratory rollers. Because the effectiveness of curing on properties and durability, the primary scope of this research is to study the effect of various curing methods (air curing, emulsified asphalt(flan coat) curing, 7 days water curing and permanent water curing) and different porcelanite (local material used as an Internal Curing agent) replacement percentages (volumetric replacement) of fine aggregate on some properties of RCC and to explore the possibility of introducing more practical RCC for road pavement with minimum requirement of curing. Cubes specimens were sawed from the slab