This paper deals with studying the effect of hole inclination angle on computing slip velocity and consequently its effect on lifting capacity. The study concentrates on selected vertical wells in Rumaila field, Southern Iraq. Different methods were used to calculate lifting capacity. Lifting capacity is the most important factor for successful drilling and which reflex on preventing hole problems and reduces drilling costs. Many factors affect computing lifting capacity, so hence the effect of hole inclination angle on lifting capacity will be shown in this study. A statistical approach was used to study the lifting capacity values which deal with the effect of hole

Taguchi experimental design (TED) is applied to find the optimum effectiveness of aqueous Red Pomegranate Peel (RPP) extract as a green inhibitor for the corrosion of mild steel in 2M H₃PO₄ solution. The Taguchi methodology has been used to study the effects of changing, temperature, RPP concentration and contact period, at three levels. Weight-loss measurements were designed by construction a L₉ orthogonal arrangement of experiments.   Results of the efficiencies of inhibition were embraced for the signal to noise proportion & investigation of variance (ANOVA).  The results were further processed with a MINITAB-17 software package to find the optimal condition

This research aims to co-register UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) photogrammetry and Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) for volumetric measurements of irregularly shaped material stacks available at construction sites in Iraq. The research investigates the potential of combining these techniques in comparison to standalone and traditional techniques to improve volume quantification and time consumption. An area containing a stockpile of bulk materials and building remnants was selected. A low-cost drone was used for data acquisition, whereas Structure from Motion (SFM) and Multi View Stereo (MVS) algorithms were used for processing and analysing the photogrammetric data. In contrast, Stonex X300 TLS device was used for laser

Nigeria's limited freshwater resources are at risk due to the discharge of wastewater from water-intensive industries, such as food processing, that does not comply with the regulations of the National Environmental Standards and Regulation Enforcement Agency (NESREA). This could significantly harm both the ecosystem and human health. This study aims to assess the physicochemical and biological properties of wastewater discharged from selected bakeries in Benin City, Nigeria, to determine compliance with NESREA standards and highlight potential environmental risks. Wastewater samples were randomly collected from five bakeries in Benin City and examined for their physicochemical and biological features. The findings indic

Universities are among spaces where it's important to ensure thermal comfort in indoor spaces, improving the occupants' well-being and productivity. The problem of the research was to study appropriate glazing systems for the spaces of the University of Baghdad because glazing systems are one of the most important elements of the indoor environments, and it has a major impact on the thermal performance of buildings. Glass is one of the most seasoned materials that are most utilized in the design. Since it is a diaphanous material, it allows sunlight to enter the building, increasing the space's temperature, cooling loads, and energy consumption in summer. The research followed the experimental method by studying and

The paper presents mainly the dynamic response of an angle ply composite laminated plates subjected to thermo-mechanical loading. The response are analyzed by analytically using Newmark direct integration method with Navier solution, numerically by ANSYS. The experimental investigation is to fabricate the laminates and to find mechanical and thermal properties of glass-polyester such as longitudinal, transverse young modulus, shear modulus, longitudinal and transverse thermal expansion. Present of temperature could increase dynamic response of plate also depending on lamination angle, type of mechanical load and the value of temperature.

The present work studied the drop size distribution in the RTL contactor using two liquid-liquid systems, xylene-acetone-water and kerosene-acetone-water. Process variables studied were: rpm (10-50 min-1), continuous phase flow rate (4-12 l/h), dispersed phase flow rate (4-12 l/h), and concentration (0.1-0.5 mole/l). It was found that Sauter mean drop diameter (d32) decreased with increasing rpm and continuous phase flow rate, and decreasing dispersed phase flow rate and concentration. An empirical correlation, with a correlation coefficient equal to (92.6%), relating d32 with process variables was developed having the form:

Experiments were carried out to study the local and average heat transfer by natural convection in
a vertical concentric cylindrical annulus. The experimental setup consists of an annulus has a radius ratio of 0.555 and inner cylinder with a heated length 1.2m subjected to the constant heat flux while the outer cylinder is subjected to the ambient temperature. The investigation covers heat flux range from 58.2 W/m2 to 274.31 W/m2. Results show an increase in the natural convection as heat flux increases leads to an improve in the heat transfer process. An empirical equation of average Nusselt number as a function of Raylieh number was deduced

The need of higher powers in electrical drives has forced the researchers to develop new power source possibilities. Multilevel inverters have been presented as a cost effective solution for various high voltage and high power applications including power quality and motor drive problems. The traditional pulse width modulated (PWM) Inverter does not completely eliminate the unwanted
harmonics in the output waveform. Using the multilevel inverter as an alternative to traditional PWM inverters for electric motor drive applications is investigated. The concept of the Optimized Harmonic Elimination Stepped-Waveform (OHESW) technique for a multilevel inverter is presented. The effectiveness of this technique in minimizing the inverter swi

The behavior of prestressed concrete box-girder bridges has been studied under short term loading.
The 20-noded isoparametric three-dimensional brick elements have been used to model the concrete
in the box-girder with its two cantilever flanges. The reinforcing bars are idealized as axial
members embedded within the brick elements. The behavior of concrete in compression was
simulated by an elastic-plastic work hardening model followed by a perfectly plastic response,
which is terminated at the onset of crushing. In tension, a smeared crack model with fixed
orthogonal cracks is used with the inclusion of models for the retained post-cracking stress and
reduced shear modulus. The prestressing forces in the tendons ar

Characterization of the heterogonous reservoir is complex representation and evaluation of petrophysical properties and application of the relationships between porosity-permeability within the framework of hydraulic flow units is used to estimate permeability in un-cored wells. Techniques of flow unit or hydraulic flow unit (HFU) divided the reservoir into zones laterally and vertically which can be managed and control fluid flow within flow unit and considerably is entirely different with other flow units through reservoir. Each flow unit can be distinguished by applying the relationships of flow zone indicator (FZI) method. Supporting the relationship between porosity and permeability by using flow zone indictor is ca

This paper aims to evaluate the reliability analysis for steel beam which represented by the probability of Failure and reliability index. Monte Carlo Simulation Method (MCSM) and First Order Reliability Method (FORM) will be used to achieve this issue. These methods need two samples for each behavior that want to study; the first sample for resistance (carrying capacity R), and second for load effect (Q) which are parameters for a limit state function. Monte Carlo method has been adopted to generate these samples dependent on the randomness and uncertainties in variables. The variables that consider are beam cross-section dimensions, material property, beam length, yield stress, and applied loads. Matlab software has be

This paper features the modeling and design of a pole placement and output Feedback control technique for the Active Vibration Control (AVC) of a smart flexible cantilever beam for a Single Input Single Output (SISO) case. Measurements and actuation actions done by using patches of piezoelectric layer, it is bonded to the master structure as sensor/actuator at a certain position of the cantilever beam.
The smart structure is modeled based on the concept of piezoelectric theory, Bernoulli -Euler beam theory, using Finite Element Method (FEM) and the state space techniques. The number of modes is reduced using the controllability and observability grammians retaining the first three
dominant vibratory modes, and for the reduced syste

Reservoir characterization is an important component of hydrocarbon exploration and production, which requires the integration of different disciplines for accurate subsurface modeling. This comprehensive research paper delves into the complex interplay of rock materials, rock formation techniques, and geological modeling techniques for improving reservoir quality. The research plays an important role dominated by petrophysical factors such as porosity, shale volume, water content, and permeability—as important indicators of reservoir properties, fluid behavior, and hydrocarbon potential. It examines various rock cataloging techniques, focusing on rock aggregation techniques and self-organizing maps (SOMs) to identify

Reactive powder concrete is an attractive new concrete technology for structural design applications. The technology has been used for different structures with several advantages. Strengthening and retrofitting structures using FRP has grown rapidly in the last decades to upgrade structures because of the gradual material degradation over time. The technique was applied mainly for conventional normal and high-strength concrete and steel. This study is conducted to study the performance of bonding interface among reactive powder concrete substrate and CFRP sheets using different parameters, including bond length, bond width, and bond–slip relations. Concrete prisms with dimensions of (25 x 25 x 75 mm) were adopted in t

The study aimed to find the best amount of cellulose nanofibers to add to heat-cured denture base material to enhance its mechanical characteristics. Cellulose nanofibers (CNF) were added to the  polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) denture base in several weight percentages (0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5, and 2%). A probe sonicator was used to mix the monomer with the cellulose nanofibers for around 5 minutes. Impact strength, transverse strength, and shore D surface hardness were the three groups that were classified afterward according to the trials conducted. Descriptive statistics, including means, standard deviations, and bar chart visualisations, were utilised to analyse the data. The findings indicate that the mean values of impa

The effect of the addition of sustainable materials and alkali-resistant glass fibers on perlite concrete is studied in this paper. The research includes slump, density, flexural strength, split tensile strength, compressive strength, and thermal conductivity tests. This specimen was cast using Portland cement, metakaolin (which replaced 15% of the cement weight as pozzolanic materials), a combination of coarse and fine perlite aggregate, superplasticizer, and local ash (which was employed as a filler and replaced by cement weight in a ratio of 10%). The ratio of cement to perlite (volumetric ratio) was 1:2. The concrete reinforced 1% alkali resistance glass fibers by volume of concrete. The results show that adding su

Six (1000*1000 mm²) slab specimens were cast and tested as two-way simply supported slabs previously (three under monotonic loading and three under repeated loading) are used in this research. The tested specimens consist of one solid slab and two voided slabs with the following variables (type of slab (solid and voided), presence of steel fibers (0% and 1%), and the presence of GFRP layers). This paper presents the results of tested slabs and the 3D-Nonlinear finite element (ABAQUS program) is proposed to verify the tested slabs under monotonic and repeated loading. The process of modeling the structure components of the tested slabs will be discussed in detail, including the creation of the parts, model mate

The research focuses on examining the level of harmony in the formal characteristics among the elements of the traditional Baghdad alley, from individual components to the entire area. Numerous studies have highlighted the unity and cohesion in the urban structures of traditional Arab urban environments, including Baghdad alleys, despite the diversity of the urban landscape. The study's theoretical aspect focuses on the visual features of the traditional urban environment, emphasizing the concept of diversity within unity. This is explored through specialized studies in the field. The applied part of the study involves using fractal geometry tools, specifically the box-counting method, to measure the degree of harmony an

Land use is the human modification of the natural or terrestrial environment into a built environment such as fields, pastures, and settlements. Baghdad, like most cities in the world, suffers from many urban problems, especially the problems associated with the disparity in the distribution of land uses and deficiencies in their distribution according to scientific standards and foundations, such as the problem of pollution and overpopulation. Karrada was chosen because it represents a large urban center in Baghdad, with about 1 million people spread over about 72 km2.  The aim is to assess land use in Karrada. In addition to the analysis of land uses in the study area, and the study of changes that occurred in those u

In this paper, a proposed method based on real-coded genetic algorithm is presented and applied to solve multiple load flow solution problem. Genetic algorithm is a kind of stochastic search algorithm based on the mechanics of natural selection and natural genetics. They combine the concepts of survival of the fittest with genetic operators such as selection, crossover and mutation abstracted from nature to form a surprisingly robust mechanism that has been successfully applied to solve a variety of search and optimization problems. Elitist method is also used in this research, and blending models are implemented for crossover operator. In the proposed work, five busbars typical test system and 362-bus Iraqi National Grid are used to dem

Bubbled slabs can be exposed to damage or deterioration during its life. Therefore, the solution for strengthening must be provided. For the simulation of this case, the analysis of finite elements was carried out using ABAQUS 2017 software on six simply supported specimens, during which five are voided with 88 bubbles, and the other is solid. The slab specimens with symmetric boundary conditions were of dimensions 3200/570/150 mm. The solid slab and one bubbled slab are deemed references. Each of the other slabs was exposed to; (1) service charge, then unloaded (2) external prestressing and (3) loading to collapse under two line load. The external strengthening was applied using prestressed wire with four approaches, wh

Experimental research was carried out to investigate the performance of CFRP wrapping jackets used for retrofitting twelve square reinforced concrete (CR) column specimens damaged by exposure to fire flame, at different temperatures of  300, 500 and 700ºC, except for two specimens that were not burned. The specimens were then loaded axially till failure after gradual or sudden cooling. The specimens were divided into two groups containing two main reinforcement ratios, ρ= 0.0314 and ρ= 0.0542. This was followed by the retrofitting procedure that included wrapping all the specimens with two layers of CFRP fabric sheets. The test results of the retrofitted specimens showed that the fire damaged RC

The use of biopolymer material Chitosan impregnated granular activated carbon CHGAC as adsorbent in the removal of lead ions  pb.2+   from aqueous solution was studied using batch adsorption mode. The prepared CHGAC was characterized by Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM) and atomic-absorption  pectrophotometer. The adsorption of lead ions onto Chitosan-impregnated granular activated carbon was examined as a function of adsorbent weight, pH and
contact time in Batch system. Langmuir and Freundlich models were employed to analyze the resulting experimental data demonstrated that better fitted by Langmuir isotherm model than Freundlich model, with good correlation coefficient. The maximum adsorption capacity calculated f

This paper presents a new design of a nonlinear multi-input multi-output PID neural controller of the active brake steering force and the active front steering angle for a 2-DOF vehicle model based on modified Elman recurrent neural. The goal of this work is to achieve the stability and to improve the vehicle dynamic’s performance through achieving the desired yaw rate and reducing the lateral velocity of the vehicle in a minimum time period for preventing the vehicle from slipping out the road curvature by using two active control actions: the front steering angle and the brake steering force. Bacterial forging optimization algorithm is used to adjust the parameters weights of the proposed controller. Simulation resul

Aeroelastic flutter in aircraft mechanisms is unavoidable, essentially in the wing and control surface. In this work a three degree-of-freedom aeroelastic wing section with trailing edge flap is modeled numerically and theoretically. FLUENT code based on the steady finite volume is used for the prediction of the steady aerodynamic characteristics (lift, drag, pitching moment, velocity, and pressure distribution) as well as the Duhamel formulation is used to model the aerodynamic loads theoretically. The system response (pitch, flap pitch and plunge) was determined by integration the governing equations using MATLAB with a standard Runge–Kutta algorithm in conjunction with Henon’s method. The results are compared with

Bitumen aging contributes to main pavement distress due to the changes in rheological, chemical, and physical characteristics of bitumen. Mainly, aging process can be divided into two categories, the first category namely short-term aging takes place during the heating up of bitumen and aggregate, mixing, transportation, laying down, and compaction. While the second category of aging takes place during the service life of pavement which is denoted as long-term aging. Consequently, researchers’ focus is to simulate bitumen aging in the lab by developing lab-accelerated methods to simulate the process of bitumen aging and studying the rate of change before and after aging. This article reviews these methods and compares

The construction industry plays a crucial role in the countries' economy, especially in the developed country. This point encourages the concerned institution to use new techniques and integrate many techniques and methods to maximize the benefits. The main objective of this research is to evaluate the use of risk management, value management, and building information modeling in the Iraqi construction industry. The evaluation process aims at two objectives. The direct objective was to evaluate the knowledge in risk management (RM), value management (VM), and building information modeling (BIM). The indirect objective was to support the participants with information related to the main items mentioned. The questionnaire

Simulation  of  the  Linguistic  Fuzzy Trust  Model  (LFTM)  over  oscillating  Wireless  Sensor Networks (WSNs) where the goodness of the servers belonging to them could change along the time is presented in this paper, and the comparison between the outcomes achieved with LFTM model over oscillating WSNs with the outcomes obtained by applying the model over static WSNs where the servers maintaining always the same goodness, in terms of the selection percentage of trustworthy servers (the accuracy of the model) and the average path length are also presented here. Also in this paper the comparison between the LFTM and the Bio-inspired Trust and Reputation Model for Wireless Sensor Network