The purpose of the study was to determine the efficacy and safety of
intratesticular injection of ethanol or formalin as a novel method for
chemosterilization of rabbits. Twenty rabbits, aged (6-8 months) and weighed
(1.3-1.5) kg were used. They were randomly divided into two equal groups. In
the first group, absolute ethanol and in the second group, formalin1% at a dose
of 1ml/testis for each agent were injected under the effect of xylazine, by
insertion of the needle from the caudo-ventral aspect of the testis then pushed in
the center of the testis toward the cranio-dorsal pole of the testis. Orchidectomy
was done at first and second months postinjection, samples from the testes and
epididymis were taken for

Back ground: Toxoplasmosis is an important zoonosis that causes economic losses in animal herds due to abortion and stillbirth as well as changes in the reproductive and neural system of susceptible animals . Objective: The aims of the present study is to determination the prevalence of T. gondii in farm animals ( sheep& goat)of both genders and different ages in Sulaimani province by using two serological tests (ELISA and LAT). Methods: Blood samples were collected from farm animals ,142 sheep and 46 goats , of different sexes and ages. Tow different serological tests ,ELISA and LAT for qualitative determination of T. gondii antibody titer in sheep and goats serum samples. Results: The prevalence rate in sheep was 73 (51.7 %) and 82

Branchiomycosis is a fungal disease that infects fish gills. It was
identified by isolation and histopathological changes of examined gills in
common carp fish (Cyprinus carpio) which, were obtained from fish farm in
Duhok Governorate, Iraq. The infected fish were suffering from respiratory
disorders; gulping air at the water surface, rapid movement of operculum and
massive mortality, which resulted in the loss of 95% of fish pond. The gills
appear marbled appearance with necrotic areas on the localized damage gills.
The causal pathogen was identified as Branchiomyces sanguinis, in which the
diameter of spores and non-septated hyphae are 5-7 μm and 12 – 20 μm,
respectively. In histopathological preparation,

During the period from November 2007 till October 2008, a total of 255 specimens of the cyprinid fish, from freshwater fish Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758, were collected from fish markets east of Baghdad city. Microscopic examination of these fishes revealed that they were infected with two species of the crustaceans ]Argulus foliaceus (0.8%) and Ergasilus sieboldi (20%)[.The present study included the following: The clinical signs which were caused by the crustaceans, which included redness and an opacity of the skin, increase of mucus secretion and rapid movements of the operculum. The percentage incidence of the infection with these parasites were also found to be related to different length groups of the host, the larger fishes were

Pharamcokinetic studies were performed for gentamicin sulphate at single dose of 5 mg/kg compared with

Twenty rats were divided equally into four groups, housed separately in special metabolic cages.

Twenty chicks at (45) days old were used and divided into two equal groups ,

This study was conducted to evaluate the possibility of using sodium
Hypochloride by the Iraqies housewives at different concentrations (2%, 3%)
and different dipping times (30, 60 and 90 minutes ) in order to reduce the
initial microbial counts , without any adverse effect on the organoleptic
characteristics of the treated minced meat. Bacterial counts in all samples of
meat were enumerated by standard method of miles and mirza technique before
and after treatment .The result showed that the treatment of meat with chlorine at concentration 2
% for 30 and 60 minute reduce the bacterial content on bacterial load ( colony
forming unit – cfu / ml) to a level which was significant from the Public health
point of

   يعتبر التصنيع البايولوجي للسلينيوم النانوي أمن ورخيص وصديق للبيئه ومن المواد غير السامة  وعلاوة على ذلك يكون السلينيوم النانوي  مستقرا بسبب   احتوا ئه  على الغطاء الطبيعي  من المواد العضويه والتي تمنع من حدوث  تراكمه مع مرور  الوقت , صممت هذه الدراسه للتحقق من  التوافر البايولوجي  لنانوات السلينيوم المحضرة بطريقه جديده باستعمال  العكبر  . تم استعمال 27 جرذا بالغا  وقسمت

The aim of this work was to establish the vital role of using vitamin B complex and/or vitamin C in the reproduction. Twenty female rabbits were used and they were divided randomly into four equal groups, all animals were fed 100 g of concentrate pellets diet/ head. The first group was offered drinking water free of vitamins, (control group), second group was supplied with water containing vitamin C (40 mg/ 100ml water/ head), third group was supplied with water containing vitamin B complex (0.5 ml/100ml/head), and fourth group was water supplied containing 20 mg of vitamin C and 0.25 ml of vitamin B complex/100 ml water/head. At the beginning of the experiment, male rabbits were introduced to the females for mating for one hour at morni

     The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of mercuric chloride (HgCl₂) at different levels of biological organization in common carp Cyprinuscarpio following exposure for 30 days to a range of environmentally levels of mercuric chloride (0.01 and 0.02 mg L^-1) and recovery for 3 weeks. Prior to evaluation of genetic damage (determined in erythrocytes using comet assay), enzymatic activity (ALT and AST), hematological parameters and histopathological examination of gill.The maximum tolerated concentration also determined which was found to be 1.63 µg l-1 above which complete mortality over the exposure period was observed. The results indicated that there was a strong induction

In order to investigate the phytochemicals presence in the seeds of local plant of Datura stramonium rather than alkaloids. For this purpose two types of Datura stramonium extract were prepared. The first was precipitated by acetone and the other was destructed by ether then precipitated with ammonium sulphate. The first extract yielded 2.5gram/ 5 gram of seeds weight; while, the second extract yielded 1.23 gram/ 5 gram of seed weight. Biochemical tests exhibited that lectin and trace amounts of glycosides were presented in the acetone precipitated extract. Whereas, the ether extract contained lectin, tannin, flavonoids, and trace amounts of alkaloids

The aim of the present study is to investigate the antidiabetic effect of the aqueous extract of Momordica charantia seeds in alloxan - induced diabetic rats. Forty male albino Wistar rats were used, divided randomly into four groups (10 each). Oral administration of the seed extract at a dose of 150 mg/kg B.W. for 30 days showed a significant decrease in fasting blood glucose. Our results were greatly lower after oral administration of aqueous extract of Momordica charantia seeds in alloxan- induced diabetic groups than glibenclamide treated group. Also Momordica charantia extract and glibenclamide administered rats showed progressive increase in body weight

     A comparison between two techniques of subtotal laparoscopic cholecystectomy was studied to find the best technique for treating severe cholecystitis and to study the fate of the remaining part of the gallbladder. All experimental animals had inducing cholecystitis by clipping the cystic duct for five days which was enough for inducing cholecystitis in goats. 24 adult female goats were used in this study, which were divided randomly into two equal groups; subtotal laparoscopic cholecystectomy with cystic duct and cystic artery clipping by titanium clips (group A) and laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy with cystic duct clipping only (group B). Operations were performed under general anesthesia by using thiopent

     This experiment was carried out at Animal Farm, College of Veterinary Medicine, Baghdad University, from Mar. up to Sept. 2010. Twenty eight Awassi ram lambs of 4-5 months old were equally divided into four groups of similar body weight and fed 2% of concentrate diet of body weight with grazing for 3-4 hours a day. The first group (C) and the third group (V) were fed concentrate diet free of cumin seeds; while the second group (CU) and the fourth group (CV) were fed the same amount of concentrate diet contain 3% of cumin seeds. All animals were grazed daily for 3-4 hours as one group. The third and the fourth groups were vasectomized by close vasectomy operation at the beginning of the experiment.  The resul

     This study aimed to investigate the immune responses (Cellular and humoral) to Klebsiella pneumoniae and Eimeria tenella by using Delayed Type Hypersensitivity Test (Skin Test) and Tube Agglutination Test in sixteen local breed rabbits. Animals were divided into four equal groups; First group was immunized subcutaneously with 1 ml (1000 µg/ml) of sonicated Eimeria tenella oocysts –SETO-ET), second group was immunized subcutaneously with 1 ml (1000 µg/ml) of sonicated Whole Cells Klebsiella pneumoniae antigen –SKWC-KP), third group was immunized subcutaneously with 1 ml (500 µg/ml of sonicated Eimeria tenella –SETO-ET and 500 µg/ml SKWC-KP).

IIn tthe prresentt rresearrch,, tthe patthollogiicall effffectt off CdCll2 rresiidue sttudy was
done on whiitte malle rrabbiitts.. 42 whiitte malle rrabbiitts werre rrandomlly diiviided iintto 2
grroups :: 1stt grroup iinclluded 30rrabbiitts werre giiven CdCll2 13 Mg // kg // day fforr 12
weeks viia drriinkiing watterr ..2nd grroup iinclluded 12rrabbiitts ffed on norrmall rrabbiitt diiett
..The ffollllowiing parrametterrs werre obserrved on tthe above grroups::
1-- Clliiniicall siigns:: Trreatted rrabbiitts showed,, vomiittiing and blloody diiarrrrhea ..
2-- Resiiduall iinvesttiigattiion on lliiverr and kiidney :: CdCll2 rresiidue prresentt morre
siigniiffiicantt iin lliiverr and kiidney mosttlly att 8 and 12 weeks :

Response to treatment of induced air sacculitis by a pathogenic strain of E coli with enrofloxacin when it was given

This field investigation has been coducted on 5l animals from different areas in baghdad

Incidence of bacterial and fungal contaminants in imported chicken femurs was
determined and compared with standard microbiological limits. A total of (12) Kg
of imported chicken femurs were randomly collected at two batches from (6) areas
in Baghdad city. Total aerobic bacterial count, coli form count and Staphylococcus
aureus count were used as an indicator for bacterial contamination, in addition to
yeast and mould count as an indicator for fungal contamination.
Data revealed that skins of imported chicken femurs produced high level of
contamination, in which most of the bacterial counts were near the maximum
standard limit as well as contamination with fungi, whereas the level of
contamination in the meat o

The study was conducted to investigate the role of supplementing the diet of
broiler chicken with Black seed (Nigella sativa Linn) broiler chicken in the
immune response of the bird .The study has also investigated the level of some
serum proteins and the activity of amino group transmitting enzymes. The Black
seeds have been ground and supplemented in the diet of the chickens at 2%
inclusion rate .A total of 80 Faobro broiler chicks were divided equally into 4
groups.
Group 1: given Black seed supplemented diet and vaccinated at 8 ,16 and 26 days
of age with one dose of live Newcastle (ND) vaccine in the crop and injected 0.2
ml oil adjuvant ND vaccine subcutaneously.
Group 2: given Black seed supplemented

     أجريت الدراسة لمعرفة مدى تأثير العصيات اللبنية في الصفات الفسلجية والانتاجية  للافراخ المرباة بالظروف الطبيعية وتحت تأثير ألاجهاد الحراري . حيث تم استعمال 180 فرخ ،قسمت الى ست مجاميع متساوية ، وضعت كل ثلاثة مجاميع بغرفة منفصلة حيث أحتوت الغرفة الاولى على :المجموعة الاولى والتي عولجت بالعصيات اللبنية بعمر يوم واحد  والمجموعة الثانية التي عولجت بالعصيات اللبنية بعمر ثلاثة أسابيع&nb

     Yersiniosis is a zoonotic disease which infects many animal species. A preliminary study was done to detect the incidence of Yersinia enterocolitica in sheep. One thousand and two hundred fecal samples were collected randomly from sheep in four governorates in the southern region of Iraq: Thi-Qar, Al-Muthana, Messan and Basrah, in the period from July 2016 to June-2017. Enrichment Yersinia broth at 4°C for 48 hours was used for isolation of Yersinia enterocolitica. Selective Cefsulodin Irgasan Novobiocin and non selective media were used for bacterial culture. The identification of Yersinia enterocolitica was based on colony morphology and biochemical characters, API 20E and V

أجريت هذه الدراسة للكشف عن تأثير إعطاء حامض الفوليك بجرع مختلفة ) 5 مايكروغرام و 01 مايكروغرام( يومي ا
لكل حيوان على بعض المعايير الدمية في ذكوور الأرابوب البالغوةم توس ت سويس الايوابوائ عشوواىيا إلوى ثيثوة مجوامي متسواوية
مجموعة سيطرة ومجموعتي معالجة ، عوملت المجموعة الأولى T1 باامض الفوليك بجرعة ) 5 مايكروغرام( ومجموعة
المعالجة الثابية بجرعة ) 01 مايكروغرام( واستمرئ التجربة لمدة أربعة أسابي لغرض دراسة بع

     This study was conducted for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles by using olive leaves aqueous extract and evaluate its antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro. The synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles was confirmed by Ultra Violet Visible – spectrophotometer and Scanning Electron Microscopy. Well diffusion method was used to show the antibacterial action of silver nanoparticles against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro in comparison with standard antibacterial silver sulfadiazine by using different concentrations of each agent ranged from 12.5-200 μg/ml. The results of this study showed it possible to produce silver nanoparticles in eco-frien

     The present study was carried out to investigate the protective effect of Eruca sativa seeds against changes of pituitary and testes in cadmium treated rats. Forty adult male albino rats were used and divided into 4 equal groups and treated for 8 weeks as follow: The first group was given distilled water and used as a control group. The second group (G1) was administered tap water containing 30 ppm/ L of cadmium chloride. Animals in third group (G2) received tap water containing Cadmium chloride as in G1 plus 250 mg/Kg B.W ethanolic extract of Eruca sativa seeds, while rats in fourth group (G3) administered 250 mg/Kg B.W of ethanolic extract of Eruca sativa seeds only. After 8 weeks of

In order to study some aspects of pathogenesis of Rhodococcus equi, 60 white Swiss mice

This study was carried out in Artificial Insemination Center of Iraq to revealed FMD disease effect on some seminal attributer parameters of 14 imported Holstein bulls divided to three groups according to different reproductive efficiency (four High, five medium and five weak). Results showed that FMD disease had significant (P < 0.05) adverse effect on most seminal attributer parameters, mass, individual motility and sperm concentration / ml during post disease in first of two, four, all months of high, medium and weak semen quality bulls respectively .but semen volume didn’t influenced significantly with this disease. So semen collection should be suspended until resume normal fertility of sperm, after two, four month of high and

The aim of the present study was to investigate the analgesic effect of Acepromazine 0.05 mg.
/kg B. w. and Lidocaine 0.5 mg/kg each alone or in combinations on the flank region in sheep after
giving the drugs by lumbosacral injection. Fifteen healthy adult local breed sheep of both sexes
weighting (17.50-30 kg) were used. Sheep were divided into three equal groups. Group (A),
Acepromazine, group (B) Lidocaine, and group (C) Acepromazine and Lidocaine mixture. Data
were collected immediately before administration of drugs (zero time) as control data. Parameters
were included clinical measures: Heart Rate, Respiratory Rate, Rectal Temperature, Scores of
analgesia of the flank, low abdomen, perineum, tail, hind

       تضمنت الدراسة الحالية إجراء مقارنة حول نسب انتشار الطفيليات المعوية في كلا من منطقتي ابو غريب والعامرية خلال الفترة مابين شهر تشرين الأول 2011 لغاية نهاية شهر تموز 2012 اذ تم جمع (2449) عينة براز توزعت مابين (1430) عينة براز من كل من الوافدين والراقدين في مستشفى ابو غريب وكذلك (1019) عينة براز من الوافدين للمركز الصحي في العامرية. فحصت عينات البراز بالطرق المباشرة وغير المباشرة باستخدام المحلول المل