Mosquitoes are vectors of various life-threatening diseases like malaria, yellow fever, dengue fever etc. Their close proximity to human habitations allows ease for disease transmission. They have been identified by key morphological tools like their wings, legs, bristles etc. but closely related species are difficult to identify based on morphology. Molecular tools have, therefore, been employed to help with the more accurate identification. This study was aimed at identifying and characterizing different mosquito species in five different states in North-Central Nigeria using internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) and mitochondrial 16S rDNA regions. Mosquito larvae were collected from stagnant water in breeding places at each collection

This study was aimed to understand the hematological changes in the level of Hb and Met-Hb

The present study was intended to evaluate the prophylactic effects of two anticoccidial drugs (monensin and amprolium) on experiinental infection with Eimeria tenella in chickens. Twenty one day-old chicks were used, they were divided in two main groups (floor and battery brooders rearing) with 112 chicks for each group. Each group was subdivided into four subgroups represent, control, infected nontreated, treated ‘with monensin and treated with amprolium. Monensin was given at rate of 100 ppm in ration while amprolium was given at a rate of 125 ppm in drinking water. The birds were infected with 50.000 sporulated oocystes/bird at 25 days of age injected directly into the crop. The following parameters were used to evaluate the drugs;

Unilateral. thoracotomy was performed in twenty nine donkeys and twenty five horses aged 4-10 years without an ‘aid of positive ‘respirator. Surgical pneumothorax did not endanger the life of patient. Eighteen horses and twenty four donkeys became clinically “normal and the wounds were completely healed within 30 days, however, two horses .dies due to pleurisy. Five horses and five donkeys were killed and subjected to anatomical studies to find out if .there is a communication between the plural sacs or if the mediastinum is not strong enough to resist pressure. Observations indicate that there is no communication between the two plural sacs and that the mediastinum is strong enough to resist the difference in the pressure of the p

The main objective to this study is to demonstrate certain aspects of pathological and histochomical changes

     Three hundred samples of stool were collected from children, who are suffering from diarrhea, during the period from October to December 2016 at Fatima Al Zahra and Shaheed al-Sadr hospitals. All bacterial isolates have been submitted to the cultural, microscopical, biochemical examinations, and Vitek 2 system identification to identify Aeromonas isolates. All the isolates under study were tested for their ability to the production of certain factors associated with virulence. It has been concluded that 12 (4%) of collected samples were positive to Aeromonas Spp. The virulence factors of Aeromonas spp. were detected and showed that all the isolates have the ability to produce haemolysin

It is a custom among among horse breeders in Iraq to service the mares at first

Biochemical values for fifty clinically healthy arabian camels of both sex were determined for the normal

A comparative study on air drying of human erythrocytes for scanning electron microscopy (S E

Total sewage of the middle-sized town in our country having different local industries of v

Specific-pathogen-free males Balb/c and C57 Black mice were inoculated intraperitoneally wi

The study was carried to investigate the pathological effect of lyophilized antigen of Trichophyton mentagrophytes in mice. Fifty mice were divided into three groups. The first group 20 mice were immunized subcutaneous (s/c) with 0.5 ml of T.mentagrophyte antigen 20 µgm/ml, by two doses, 14 day intervals, between them. The second group 20 mice and third group 10 mice considered as positive and negative control groups respectively. After 30 days post immunization first and second groups were challenged intradermal I/d. with 0.1 ml of fungal suspension contain (1×107 ml) of viable virulence T.mentagrophyte while the third group injected intraperitoneally I/P. with 0.5 ml of sterile phosphate buffer saline. All mice of the first and secon

This study was conducted on 80 cases of damaged kidneys received by
poultry disease diagnostic centers in Baghdad. Four microorganisms were isolated
E.coli , Proteus milabilis , Pseudomonas aregenosa and Klebsiella pneumonia
and formed 55, 22.5 , 17.5 ,and 5% of the infection respectively . While no any
kind of bacteria were isolated from kidneys of healthy chicks. To be sure the E.
coli could be a cause of kidney damage. An experimental infection with E.coli
was carried out on 40 chicks, three weeks old, and randomly divided into two
groups. Chicks of the first group was inoculated intravenously with 0.5 ml of field
isolated E. coli suspension containing 2x107 colony forming unit (CFU), while the
second group

The effect of vit.E in feed blocks to ewes were studied in ewes on the
following parameters; Hemoglobin concentration, Packed Cell Volume,
differential leukocytic count, total protein, albumin, and globulin ratios. There
were a significant decrease in Hb concentration & PCV after two,& four weeks,
there were no significant differences in the percentage of lymphocytes,
neutrophils,& eiosinophils, & with a significant increase in monocyte
percentage.
There was no significant different in total protein ratio, while the ratio of
albumin decreased significantly after 2 & 4 weeks, with a significant increase in
the globulin ratio at the same period.

A total of 80 specimens of common carp Cyprinus carpio were used in present study ranges between 142-156 g with 150 g in average body weight, and between 22-27cm with 25cm in average body length to investigate the effect of magnetized water in blood pictures of fish as well as Aeromonas hydrophila pathogenic bacteria. Fish were randomly distributed using aquarium with dimension 70X40X40 cm upon four treatments, with two replicates for each treatment using magnetized water with different intensity ( 500 , 1000 , 1500 gauss) , while the control treatment free of magnetized water through the period of four weeks . Results shows that the bacteria count were decreased in such magnetized water in comparison with control treatment . The results

Brucella spp are important food pathogen those can be infected the human-being during consumption of contaminated milk and milk products from sheep, goats, and cattle with Brucella spp. In this study the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for direct detection of Brucella spp. from milk of sheep and cattle were employed to amplify 233bp product of highly conserved regions of BCSP31 gene encoding a 31-KDa cell surface protein in B. melitensis and B. abortus. The results showed that the sheep were more frequent for shedding of Brucella spp in their milk, where appeared (6/50 samples) at (12%). Whereas the cattle appeared less frequency for shedding of Brucella in their milk, which showed (2/50 samples) at (4%). It can be concluded that PCR tec

This study was designed to high light about the effect of some factors individually or in combination that shared in the reduction of the chlorine activity and efficiency for meeting the bacterial standards as a disinfection agent for drinking water at Baghdad city/ Al- kurch. To achieve the objectives (137) drinking water samples were collected from July up to the end of November 2007 from the houses of Baghdad's citizens/ Al-kurch. Also studying the scientific nature of some municipal water supply at Baghdad/ Al- kurch, drinking water samples were collected from faucets after allowing the water to run for 0, 5 and 10 minutes. Statistical data showed that there was non significant difference in both the chlorine concentration and colifo

40 Mmermrij fish Mastacembelus mastacebelus were collected from different areas in Baghdad , a total of 20 fish from each area; the first 20 from area near a Al Muthanna bridge, and the second from the old Diyala bridge. stomach contents Were taken from these fish and analyzed by the Gel electrophoresis device results showed abandunce of food protein of animal origin, which was identified with the food samples taken from the real environment of these fish. Also two types of parasitic crustaceans were identified which are considered the most common external parasites infected fish ; these were Leranea worms, type Learnea cyprinacea, and fish lice Argulus, type Argulus foliaceus, this is with respect to Almmermrij fish taken from Al Muthan

A total of 50 stray dogs, 26 males and 24 females from 3 different areas in Kalar city were killed and autopsied during the period from October 2005 till end of March 2006.The overall infection rates with cestodes and nematodes were 84% and 36%, respectively. No trematodes and acanthacephalans were found in the intestine of the dogs.The rate of infection was 75% in area around abattoir, 92.85% in areas of the periphery of Kalar and 95% in the city center.The following cestodes were identified: Taenia spp. (78%), Dipylidium caninum (26%), Diphylobothrium latum (2%) and Mesocestoides sp. (2%). Only two intestinal nematodes, Toxocara sp. and Ancylostoma caninum were recovered with prevalence rates of 36% and 2%, respectively.

The object of this study was to determine the effect of experimentally infection dose of layers orally on some blood components. A total of 45 layer were distributed into three groups and each group to three replicates (15 layer per replicate) cosnsisted of T1 (controlgroup free of infection ) , T2 and T3 were orally experimentally infected by 1x105and 1x1010(CFU \ ml \ hen of L.monocytogenes . The results of blood tests showed that T1 layer predominant in P.C.V. , Hb , and R.B.Cs. after 6 days of experimentally infection and this differences disappeared after 35 days , when as the differences in W.B.C.s appeared after 9 days and total protein concentration after 21 days and disappeared after 42 days of experimentally infection with no s

استهدفت التجربة دراسة درجة تلوث عينات الجبن الطري المنتج محليا في محافظة ديالى بأعداد بكتريا القولون لغرض تحديد نوعية أملاح الاستحلاب المنوذجية ونسبها الملائمة لاستحلاب الجبن الطري المحلي لصنع الجبن المطبوخ وتأثيرها في حمولته الجرثومية المؤثرة في الصحة العامة. جمعت بصورة عشوائية من أسواق خمسة أطراف شعبية لنواحي تابعة لقضاء عينة لكل من الموسم 01 عينة من الجبن الطري المحلي المنتج من قبل الفلاحين والبقالين

This study is considered the first study in our country to isolate bovine parainfluenza
type 3 virus (BPIV-3) from naturally infected calves. BPIV-3 virus was isolated from nasal
swabs collected from calves with respiratory disease. The virus was isolated and titrated in
secondary embryonic bovine kidney (SEBK) cell culture; other cell cultures (secondary sheep
testis and chicken embryos fibroblast cell cultures) were used for propagation of isolated
virus. Examination of infected cell culture revealed giant cell formation and intracytoplasmic
inclusions. The isolated virus agglutinated guinea pig’s erythrocytes and produces clear
heamadsorption of guinea pig’s erythrocyte in infected SEBK cell culture. Virus tit

In this study fowl poxvirus has been isolated from naturally infected birds. This virus ind

This experiment includes 228 local Awassi ewes between 2 to 5 years
old. The aim of this experiment was to estimate the fetal age by
measurement of transthoracic, transabdominal, cotyledon length and width
during different period of gestation by using 5MHz real-time
ultrasonography. Linear, quadratic and cubic equations were described,
which adjust the relationship between the gestation age and each of
transthoracic, transabdominal, cotyledon length and width. Results indicated
that the quadratic equations of transthoracic and transabdominal were the
best equations; while the cubic equations of each of the cotyledon length and
width were the best equations to estimate the fetal age

The Rose Bengal test is one of the famous diagnostic test of Brucellosis
specially as a screening test in order to detect the infection in limited area.
Rose Bengal standard stain which producd by specific companies was used in
preparation of the test special antigen , The stain gives the known pink colour
for the antigen during the test that make the agglutination in positive cases more
visible due to the reaction between antigen and the specific antibodies of
Brucella which found in the serum sample of human and different animals.
Antigen for the Rose Bengal test in this study is prepared by using alternative
stain easily found in local supermarkets using for food colours and not
expensive like standard stain

     The study aimed to investigate the anatomical and histomorphometrical features of spleen in gazelle. To achieve this goal, spleens of 7 animals were used. The gross aspect of the study revealed that the spleen of gazelle appeared dark brown in color with elliptical shape and was situated at the left lateral surface of the rumen. It occupied the area extended from the 8^th rib to 11^th rib. Length and width of the spleens were calculated and the mean were 7.94±0.1, 5.88±0.2 respectively. There were three ligaments connected the spleen with adjacent structures, namely splenogastric, splenorenal and splenophrenic. The blood supply of the spleen was studied using X-rays and resin injection metho

This study aimed to detect metabolites inhibition activity for three therapeutic
Lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus (Lb. acid.) , Lactobacillus reuteri
(Lb. reut.) and Bifidobacterium ssp. (Bif.) which were grown in whole milk and
Man Reqosa and Sharp (MRS) broth as single or double (Lb. acid. + Bif.) or
mixed (Lb. reut + Bif. + Lb. acid) culture Cell Free Extract (CFE) of these
culture which contained their metabolites of Lactic acid bacteria (exclusion Lb.
reut.) showed good inhibition against four species of pathogenic Escherichia
coli ; Salmonella typhimurium ; Proteus volgaris and Staphylococcus aureus.
inhibition activity against E. coli culture showed that 72 hours was the best
incubation tim

The aim of this study was to find out the effect of adding Eruca Sativa seed in concentrate diet alone or
with Vit.E administration on productivity of male Awassi lambs.This study was conducted on
Veterinary College,Baghdad University.Fifteen Awassi ram lambs at age of 5-6 months ,were divided
equally in to three groups accordingly and treated as followed :The frist group A(G)was fed on
concentrate diet containing Eruca Sativa seeds (5%)at a rate of 400g/day /haed,The second group
B(G+E) was fed on the same ration mentioned above with Vit.E with a dose of 400mg/head was given
orally bimonthly ,The animals in the third group C (control)were fed on a concentrate diet free of
Eruca Sativa at a rate of 400g/day.All anima