The present study aimed to identify the efficacy of Brucella melitensis vaccine strain Rev 1 in induction of antibodies by different doses and routes of administration; also to obtain the specificity of the serological tests, the study included 28 ewes divided into four equal groups . the animals of first and second groups vaccinated subcutaneously with 2×109 and 2×107 colony forming units (CFU) respectively while the animals of third and fourth groups vaccinated conjunctively with 2×109 and 2×107 CFU respectively . The sera were collected at zero time, 2, 4, 8, 16, 20, 24 and 28 weeks of the experiment and the antibodies response were evaluated using classical tests ( Rose Bengal, serum agglutination and 2-mercaptoethanol tests ) co

This study was described for the nature of the pathpgenesis of bacteria Pasteurella multocida

A comparative trial between the effect of 3rd stage Dictyocaulus filaria larval

Forty normal turkeys divided into four age groups:1 week, 1 month, 2 months and 7 months. The cecal tonsils were separated and prepared for histological and Immunohistochemical studies. At 1 week old the tonsil appear as lymphoid aggregation of the lamina propria  submucosa around central fossula. No septae among follicles, no germinal centers observed. At 1 month old the cecal portion which included the tonsil easily separated from other parts due to an increase cecal wall diameter was increased. The tonsil composed of a lot of tonsil crypts. The tissue septae among the crypts observed. At 2 and 7 months old the tonsils bulging from the internal surface of cecum toward the lumen as a rough large mass white to pink in color, germina

This investigation was carried out to study the Bay leaves (Laurus nobilis) and extracted three types of Aqueous, Ethanolic alcohol, Essential oil extracts of leaf plant powder study. The performance of extracts as anti-oxidant agent were evaluated by estimate the value of Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) of sunflower oil to these extracts in concentrate% 0.04 and %0.02 compared with commercial antioxidant BHA (Butylated hydroxyl anisole) and BHT (Butylated hydroxyl toluene) in concentrate % 0.02 , in addition to the control sample (of crude sunflower oil without any additives) during 16 days storage at 60 C. The results showed an increase in the TBA values in sunflower oil, crude and stored in during storage at 16 days in 60 C. Some extracts l

     هدفت هذه الدراسـة إلى معرفة تأثيـر مستخلصات عشبتي الشيح (Artemisia herba alba) والقريص ((Urtica dioica على نسبة تبوغ طفيلي ال Eimeria tenella في المختبر فقد انخفضت نسبة التبويغ لأكياس بيض الطفيلي في المجاميع المعاملة بالمستخلصات الكحولية والمائية لعشبة الشيح بالتراكيز %0.1 و%0.5 و %1لتبلغ %60 و65 % و%68  و%64  و 70% و75 % على التوالي، كذلك أثرت المستخلصات الكحولية والمائية لعشبة القريص في خفض نسبة التبوغ لتصل ال

      إنَ الغاية من هذه الدراسة هو التعرف  على ما يحدثه جنس المولود من أثر في حدوث عسر الولادة  في أبقار الحليب الأباكير. أجريت هذه الدراسة في العيادة الطبية البيطرية التخصصية بالأمراض التناسلية  والتلقيح الاصطناعي في قضاء بلد بمحافظة صلاح الدين، في الحقبة الممتدة من 1/6/2011 إلى 1/6/2014. شملت الدراسة: 90 بقرة بكر كانت تعاني من عسر ولادة. 60 بقرة ذات ولادات ذكور وإن نسبة عسر الولادة (66.67 %)، 30 بقرة ذات

Forty females albino rats divided into four groups, three of them (T1, T2,
T3) dosed orally with 10000 IU Vitamin A according to different gestation
periods while the fourth group dosed with distilled water and considered as
control (C). Statistical changes in the weight of different treated groups organs
were observed specially in the T3 group that represent period of major organofunctional
development and minor organogensis. Also the histopathological
study revealed sever liver necrosis and sever pulmonary hyperplasia in T1
group. Also there was subcutaneous abdominal tumor (fibroma) noticed in one
female of T2 group. We concluded from our results that high dose of vitamin A
may cause cellular, histological a

The effect of garlic (Allium Sativum) & fenugreek (Trigonella
foenum-graecum) aqueous extracts (GE & FE) were studied with respect to their
antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus. Garlic extract (GE) at 5% was
completely inhibit the growth of the test fungus in the agar plate method
whether the extract mixed with or spreaded on the surface of the medium.
Fenugreek extract (FE) at 10% did not exhibit any effect against this fungus in
the sane method. Garlic extract (GE) & garlic chips (GC) inhibited the growth of
Aspergillus fumigatus inoculated in poultry feed samples. The viable spore
count per gram of feed treated with garlic was less than control feed samples.
Garlic extract (GE) was m

This study represent a new process for dehydration of the histological
specimen that knowledge and used in the laboratory study . Technical and
medical research will be set up a completely great scientific and to addition of
this to make an experiment , to a shortness the time and the material cost that is
used in the different stage of dehydration and these for the soft tissue ( only ) .

The purpose of this study was to obtain additional information regarding
the effectiveness of Enrofloxacin (Baytril®) against artificially induced
infection of S. london in chickens.
One hundred and sixty one day old chicks of mixed sex were divided
equally into two groups A (treated group) and B (control, infected non-treated
group). Chicks were reared on separated rooms on wood shavings litter, and
given water and irradiated feed continuously for 55 days. All chickens were
infected at 3 days with 4×105 S. london/ml in drinking water. The administration
of salmonella was followed by intestinal colonization, detected by isolation of
salmonella from cloacal swabs, caecal contents and quantitative numeration pe

A total of 250 stool specimens from patients live in Al-Ameen, Al-Mashtal, Al-Baladiyat and Al-Nahrawan, districts of Baghdad city were collected. The watery and loose specimens were wet mounted with normal saline and buffered methylene blue then all specimens concentrated and examined with Lugol's iodine solution. The protozoal parasites of medical importance Blastocystis hominis and Giardia lamblia were respectively detected in 59 (24.6%) and 42 (17.5%), samples with mixed infection were in eight samples. Differences due to district lacked significance. Statistical significance was observed when the influence of age category was tested (P<0.05). The highest infestation percentage with both parasites was noticed in the 5 – 10 years

The mixing of ginger Zingiber officinale and garlic Allium sativum used at different concentrations ( ginger 10g/kg; garlic 10g/kg; ginger 5g/kg with garlic 5g/kg; ginger 7.5g/kg and garlic 2.5g/kg and ginger 2. 5g/kg and garlic 7.5g/kg in treated 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively) as a dietary supplements based on their performance in enhancing the fish healthy while control diet was free from ginger and garlic. Haematological parameters of 96 fishes of common carp Cyprinus carpio L. were determined after two months, Red blood cells count (RBCs), white blood cells count (WBCs), hemoglobin concentration (Hb) , and Packed cell volume (PCV) , total plasma protein , albumin and Globulin, liver enzymes (ALT,AST and ALP) using several laboratory

For the determination of FMD infection in Nainawa province Serum
samples were collected from 92 suspected cases (42sheep,50cattle)this
was performed in September 2007 and included nine region(Talafar
,Basheca, Al-shamal, Hamamalaleel ,Cokajlly ,Zamaar ,Al-Namrood
,AL-Koosh and Hemedaat), these samples were send frozen to the labs of
state Vet. Company in Al-Nahdaa , the special test FMD-3ABC bo Ov
enzyme immune assay on sheep serums showed that 30.95% were
positive to the test and 19.05% were ambiguous while the test on bovine
serums showed increase in both positive and ambiguous results
(42%,26% respectively), 8 serums that showed the highest positive result
to the former test were submitted to the special

The present work making histological studies of certain part of medulla
oblongata on seven one humped camel ( Camelus Dromedarius ) of different
ages and sexes. The location of Vagus X, accessory XI and hypoglossal XII
nerve nuclei. The hypoglossal nerve XII nucleus consist of two nuclei dorsal
greater and ventral smaller and the dorsal nuclei observed. Connected with
dorsal motor vagal nucleus X by specific arch of fiber in many sections and
another observation the root fiber of hypoglossal nucleus XII pass along the
lateral border of inferior olivary nucleus and some sections the root fiber
penetrate lateral part of inferior olivary nucleus.

This study aimed to prepare a synbiotic of Sacch. cerevisiae and used as 0.1 and 0.2 % in feed (T2,T3) for reducing the experimental infection of Salmonella typhimurium to broiler chicks ( -6103days) by using 40 birds divided into four treatments , T1 was negative control with 0.1 % synbiotics and T4 was positive control with experimental infection only , production

and blood parameters were studied , and the results showed the following: A synbiotic of Sacch. cerevisiae was made which have 10 ⁷ cfu of

Sacch. cerevisiae and 10 mg Mannan Oligosaccharide per gram .Using 0.1 and 0.2 % of Sacch. cerevisiae synbiotic reduced experimental infection of Salmonella typhim

The main objective of this study was to determine the effect of copper
deficiency on some milk constituents of ewes.(Thirty)raw milk samples have
been collected in the morning and before feeding of the ewes,(10) of them
from ewes suffering from copper deficiency and the other(20) milk samples
were collected from healthy ewes .The percentages of fat ,protein ,lactose,
chloride, specific gravity, moisture and the pH of milk were determined.
The results have shown that copper deficiency have an effect on the milk
constituents where all milk samples collected from ewes suffering from
copper deficiency had significantly (p<0.01) lower percentages of fat
(5.70%) ,protein(3.0%), lactose (3.4%)
and specific gravi

The main aim of this study is to detect infection of Wild brown rats with
Mycobacteria . fourtyone Wild brown rats were collected from various
quarters of Baghdad city during the period 29/5/2004 – 30/10/2004 .
fourty one rats collected from college of Veterinary Medicine farm
Baghdad University and from farm of Abu – Ghraib , Baghdad –AL
Gedida , AL – Mahmoedia , AL – hurrea . In this study after collection
of rats the post mortem change was studied and take one hundred twenty
three sample of Lung , Liver and Spleen for bacterial examination one
hundred twenty three samples were culture on special media for
Mycobacteria . The result revealed that four rats were infected with
Mycobacteria . four is

The study was aimed to comparison of anthraxin prepared by a modified
method from cell-wall extract of avirulent B .anthracis strain 34F2(Sterne)
with antigens extracted from the same strain as 1/40 antigen, autoclaved 1/40
and the crude toxin. These antigens were compared on their induction of cellmediated
immunity (CMI) in guinea pigs. Animals were immunized and
boosted subcutaneously with the Sterne live veterinary anthrax vaccine. Two
weeks after the booster dose, animals were skin-tested with the four antigens.
Anthraxin was the most active antigen which recorded 16.66 mm a mean of
erythema and 2.3 mm a difference of skin thickness after 24 hours. Both 1/40
and autoclaved 1/40 antigens gave approximately t

This study was designed to determined the influence of levamisole
administration as immunostimulator for sheep vaccinated with Brucella
melitensis vaccine (Rev-1). The sixty sheep (males and females) were
divided equally into four groups *The first group (vaccinated group ) the
animals were vaccinated with Rev-1 vaccine at a dose of 1 ml s/c which
contain 2 x 109 viable bacteria *The second group ( vaccine and
levamisole ), was vaccinated with Rev-1 as the same of the first group as
well as levamisole was given orally at a dose of 10 mg / kg B.W a week
before vaccination and with vaccination and a week after vaccination and
then levamisole was given at monthly intervals up to the end of the
experiment.* Thir

A total of 54 broiler chicks were used to study the steady state levels of
Tilmicocin and Enroflxacin in lung tissues and plasma.
Microbiological assay, using Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 9225) or Saricinea leutus
(ATCC 272) as test organisms for Enrofloxacin and Tilmicocin respectively,
was employed to estimate the drugs levels.
The birds were divided equally into two groups at the age of 21 days.
The first group received Enrofloxacin at an estimated dose of 10 mg/kg body
weight in drinking water for three consecutive days, while Tilmicocin was given
in the same way but at a dose of 15 mg/kg body weight .Samples of lung tissues
and plasma were collected from birds of each group at scheduled periods (6, 12,
18, 2

     Common carp fish (Cyprinius carpio) is a native Asian and Eastern Europe, so there are many types of teleost fishes in Iraq. This study was designed to explain the environmental effects on the tissue of gills of fish. Twenty six of carp fish specimens were collected from Tigris River of Taji region in Baghdad city during Winter and Summer in January and August months respectively. Also the samples were collected from rearing aquarium by breeders of the fishes with water temperature recorded (31°C), in summer and (8 °C), in winter season via thermometer through the specimens collection in each time. The seasonal temperature levels were considered important in the histological alterations of the gills, w

Blastocystis hominis isolated from patients suffering from diarrhea patients (56) in number

    ان الهدف من هذه الدراسة هو عزل وتشخيص الفطريات  الممرضة لداء الفطار الجلدي الكلبي  في محافظة بغداد ، دراسة وبائية ووصف العلامات السريرية والصورة المختبرية لداء الفطار الجلدي، من يناير 2018 حتى ديسمبر 2018. من أصل 653 كلب وبحالات مرضية مختلفة فقط 165 ( %25.3) من الكلاب كانت مصابة بفطريات جلدية و 103 (62.42 ٪) من الكلاب مصابة بداء الفطار الجلدي .تم تشخيص الفطريات بواسطة الفحص المجهري المباشر وبواسطة زرع العينا

     This study aimed at evaluating the ameliorative effect of amygdalin and magnetic water on 1,2-dimethyl hydrazine induced toxic damage in tissues and oxidative stress in rat liver. Seven groups of ten rats each were selected for the study. Group I animals were treated as control. Group II rats received 1,2-dimethyl hydrazine (20 mg/kg body weight) injections subcutaneously once a week for 16 consecutive weeks and then kept without any treatment untill the end of the experimental period. Group III rats received amygdalin (20 mg/100 mg) daily via Oro-gastric tube. Groups IV rats were given magnetic water freely. Group V rats were given 1,2-dimethyl hydrazine + amygdalin. Group VI rat were given 1,2-dimethyl hydrazin

 This study was carried out to investigate the effects of aqueous extract of olive

     The aim of this study is to describe the morphology of Cysticercus fasciolaris by using light microscopy, and the pathological changes in the liver of rats naturally infected. A total of 50 liver specimens of local rats (Wister rats) were collected for examination. The gross lesions showed the presence of single or multiple cysts. Microscopic findings revealed the presence of larvae within the cysts which represent the larvae Cysticercus fasciolaris of the adult parasite Taeniae taeniaeformis which inhabited the small intestine of the domestic cats surrounded by fibrous connective tissue infiltrated with inflammatory cells (mononuclear cells and plasma cells). These lesions cause pressu

     This study is conducted at investigating the effect of potassium nitrate and vitamin C in feed of the rabbits on the some biochemical parameters. Twenty eight adult New-Zealand rabbits were divided randomly into four groups (7 rabbits each), they were fed potassium nitrate and vitamin C for 16 weeks as follow: Group 1 (G₁) fed potassium nitrate (168 mg/ kg B.W./ daily), group 2 (G₂) fed potassium nitrate (168 mg/ kg B.W./ daily) and vitamin C (50 mg/ kg B.W./ daily), group 3 (G₃) fed potassium nitrate (168 mg/ kg B.W./ daily)  and vitamin C (100 mg/ kg B.W./ daily) and group 4 (G₄) fed basal ration as control group. Blood were collected from heart at zero, eight, t

Twenty weeks old Euribrid-Hisex Brown laying hens were used to study the effect of water po

Safe and effective anaesthetic regimens have been described for use in rabbits,
partially because of the susceptibility of this species to fatal respiratory arrest. The
present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of anesthetics, analgesics
combinations an anesthesia in twenty five local breed rabbits. Rabbits were injected
intramuscularly by: Propionylpromazine 0.5mg/kg B.W. as premedictation, after
10minutes later Xylazine and Ketamine Hydrochloride at a dose of 20mg/kg,
50mg/kg respectively. The results of the physiological parameters of the control
group at the period of zero time concerning rectal body temperature, respiratory rate,
heart rate were 38.00±0.29 ºC; 96.36 ±3.33bpm; and 147.20±6.46/mi