Both rapid serum plate agglutination test (RSPT) and Haemagglutination Inhibition test (HIT)

Four hundred and two faecal samples from lambs up to four months pld from the center of Baghdad area, were examined

Four hundred fertile eggs of broiler breeder Ross strain were incubated in commercial Hatchery. Eggs were injected into amniotic fluid on 18th day of incubation after divided into four treatment groups (100 eggs per treatment) with two replicates. First treatment was injected 100 µl of PBS, second treatment was injected with100 µl of inactivated ND vaccine, the third treatment was injected with 100 µl of inactivated ND vaccine and 50 µl vitamin E (oily form) and finally the fourth treatment was injected with 100 µl of inactivated ND vaccine and 50 µl Cod liver oil. All injected eggs were carried back into hatchery for complete hatching process. Hatched chicks were transported to the farm of the Veterinary Medicine College/Universit

This study was designed to evaluate the incidence of caprine parasitic pneumonia and to characterize

The parotid salivary gland in one humped camel (camelus dromedarius) is located along the caudal edge of the ramus of mandible and on the masseter muscle. The gland has a long triangular outline and a red-brown color. The lateral surface is covered by parotid fascia and the cutaneous and parotido-auricularis muscles. It is bounded dorsally by zygomatico-auricularis muscle. The gland takes its blood supply from three branches which come from the facial artery that supply the middle and distal part of the gland, while the proximal part receives its blood supply from the superficial temporal and cranial temporal arteries. The parotid duct of the gland passes over the lateral surface of the masseter muscle, infer

The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective role of Salvia officinal's silver nanoparticles as antioxidant on nephrotic damage induced by methotrexate in adult rats. Green silver nanoparticles were synthesized using alcoholic extract of salvia officinal's leaves, and were characterized by UV-spectrophotometry and scanning electron microscope. The mixing of the plant extract of Salvia. officinal's with silver nitrate solution (1mM), lead to changing of the reaction mixture color to yellowish within one hour and to dark brown after 8 hours, indicating the generation of Salvia officinal's silver nanoparticles , due to the reduction of silver metal ions silver (Ag+) into Nano silver particles  via the active compounds

The effect of 1% methylene blue solution was investigated in this experimental trial for prevention and/or reduction of intra-abdominal adhesion formation, following induction of conventional laparotomy, by postmortem and histopathological confirmations, in a rabbit model. Twenty adult, male, local breed rabbits were used in the study. They were allocated randomly and equally into 2 groups; Control group (CG) and Treatment group (TG). All were subjected to mid-ventral conventional laparotomy under the effect of general anesthesia, and the ascending colon was exteriorized and its serosal and subserosal layers were mechanically abraded by a dry sterile soft toothbrush. In TG, 2ml of sterile 1% methylene blue was applied intrapretonially pr

Behavioral problems are very important because they are one of the most common reasons for the relinquishment of cats. In this study, the frequency of behavioral problems in 167 cats attending Small Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, was evaluated with the use of a questionnaire. Interaction with other animals and people, outdoor access, breed, and sex of the cats were evaluated for association with the occurrence of the behavioral problems. Aggression towards people and other cats, Elimination problems, Scratching objects, Fearfulness, Attention seeking, Excessive grooming, Chasing small animals, Hiding, Vocalization in owner's absence, Obsessive behaviors and Eating fiber material were the behavioral

Forty seven blood samples were collected from local house cats 25 male , 22 female , ranging in age from 1-15 year for both sexes for measuring the following parameters coagulation tests (total Platelets count, Clotting time, Prothrombin Time & Fibrinogen concentration ) and proteins concentration tests (Total protein concentration, Albumin , Globulin concentration ) and iron and copper concentration tests .the results as were follow (228.5 –1,537) X 109\L , (2-5)min , (6 - 15) sec , (0.5 -4) g\L , ( 61 - 83 ) g\L , (23.1 -38.2) g\L , (25.9-54.2) g\L , (5.21 – 45.56) μmol/L , (2.29 - 36.52) μmol/L) .the result showed significant differences at level (P<0.05) between the male and female of local house cats in total Platelets

Experiment study was done on the pathogenicity of Salmonella give infections in dogs . The
experiment was carried out on 8 puppies ranging in age from 8-9 weeks. The puppies were divided randomly
into two equal groups. Group I inoculated orally with 4.8x109 Salmonella give and group II saved as control.
The disease was characterized by acute gastroenteric and septicemic forms with variable severity. The most
consistent clinical signs were anorexia, fever, diarrhea, vomiting repression and recumbancy. Salmonella was
consistently isolated from blood as well as from feces. Gross pathological changes and histological
examination were characterized by sever congestion and inflammatory cells in the most of GIT

Diabetes Type 2 is associated with low testosterone levels in men, The mechanism of which is unclear .Thus the aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of low testosterone in T2D patients men ⁄ and with aging ,and the possibility of anemia in these patients and the anemia accompanied the T2D cases is due to T2D itself or by the effect of low testosterone. Present work was studied two male groups with different age first, group A age (31-40) years , 60 person {30control & 30 T2D patients} (3 persons for each age),second, group B age (41-50) years ,60 person ,{30 control & 30 patients} (3 persons for each age). Blood was taken from these groups and sugar, PCV, Hb and Testosterone levels were measured comparing with control

L-arginine-Nitric oxide pathway plays an important role in a series of
neurobiological functions underlying behaviors including analgesic effect and has
shown a role in pain feeling which is a mediator with modulation effect in dorsal root
of ganglionic neurons of spinal cord. The goal of the present study is to clarify the
influence of L-arginine-mediated nitric oxide (NO) on pain arbitration in both sexes
of mice. The reactive time to thermal stimulus, latency period, tail withdrawal and the
number of foot licking and flinching in hot plate test, tail flick and formalin tests were
recorded. The results showed that L-NAME (nitric oxide synthase inhibitor) has had
an antinociceptive activity demonstrated as

Groups of mice experimentally infected with ringworm Trichophyton mentagrophyte were treated with
ointments prepared from 5% cold alcoholic extract of two plants of Thymbra spicata , Ruta chalepnsis
and compared with the commercial drug “Clotrmazole” (1%), recovery from ringworm needed 16 , 18 ,
14 days for Th.spicata, Ruta chalepensis and Coltrmazole respectively.
On the other hand 28 naturally infected calves with ringworm from the genera Trichophyton
mentagrophytes and Aspergillus were divided into four groups, and each group treated individually with
one of the ointments 5% concentration , cold alcoholic extract of Th.spicata and Ruta chalepensis beside
“Clotrimazole”.The fourth group was left as a positi

A total of 190 bacterial strains were isolated from both apparently healthy cows and those suffering from

A study was dane on 300 cases of Colibacillosis in broiler chickens collected from poultry farms in Baghdad. Escherichia coli was isolated from all cases from heart blood. The highest incidence (45%) of the disease was noticed among the 3-4 weeks old chickens. The antibiotic sensitivity test revealed that all isolates were resistant to  Chloramphenical, Tetracycline,Lincomycin and Erythromycin. Ninty five percent of the isolates were resistant to Sulfa Trimethoprim mixture and 40% to Ampicillin. Serotyping of some of the isolates  showed that the serotypes 01, 02 and 078 were the most prevalent types; other serotypes were also identified especially 035, 036, 088 and 018.

Chick embryo dermis (CED) cell cultures were prepared from skinpeeled off from 12 day old specific pathogen free (SPF) embryo. The

Experimental study albion mice as a host was conducted in on attempt to

The indigenous geese have symmetrical pair of ultimobranchial gland, pink in color, lenticular or globular in shape. These glands are located in thoracic inlet, posterior to the parathyroid gland, dorsal to the bifurcation of brachiocephalic trunk. In young birds the left gland usually adheres to the caudal pole of parathyroid gland and usually cranio lateral to the origin of common carotid artery, while the right gland is also related to common carotid artery, but it’s separated from caudal pole of parathyroid gland. The gland is supplied by collateral branch from common carotid artery and innervated by branch from the thoracic vegal trunk and directed from the recurrent nerve. The gland is not surrounded by capsule but it’s covered

A study was conducted invitro to determine the effects of storage at
temperature 4 Cº upon the survival of protoscolices of Echinococcus
granulosus from 86 hydatid cysts isolated from infected donkeys . Flam cell
activity was the choice for viability , in addition using vital stain (0.1%
aqueous eosin) . The result showed that higher percentage survival 94.41%
in hydatid fluid for 9 days . The longest survival times of any of the samples
tested was 81 days with the survival percentage 85% and the lowest was 33%
for 13 days , showing movement till the end of this period . Our results
proved the protoscolices removed from cyst retain their survival for several
weeks at refrigerator temperature when stored in hyd

Eimeria is an apicomplex protozoon which affects many species of birds, domestic and wild animals including deer. This is the first study in Iraq that was designed for diagnosis Eimeria spp. in deer using traditional methods. Eighty fecal samples of Fallow deer (Damadama) were collected in different provinces in the middle part of Iraq during December 2018 to the end of September 2019. Samples were examined by direct smear and flotation with Sheather's solution. The total infection rate with Eimeria spp. was 70% (56/80), in which higher infection rate was observed in female deer (78%, 39/50). The results also showed that Fawn at age<3-11 months recorded higher rate of infection (86.3%, 19/22). Eimeria infe

The thyroid gland of Camelus dromedrius is located directly behind the larynx. It consists of two lateral lobes at the sides of trachea. The lobes are connected to each other by a caudal isthmus from the ventral surface. The lobes extend to the seventh tracheal ring and even to the eighth or ninth ring. The medial surface of the lobes is adhered to trachea. The lateral surfaces are convex. Also, the dorsal and ventral edges of the lobes are convex.

The thyroid gland receives blood via caudal thyroid artery and cranial thyroid artery. A third artery which is initiated from the common carotid artery serves as a medial thyroid artery.

Histological observation showed that the lobes and isthmus are surrounded by an external ca

One hundred and twenty Hisex Brown commercial layers at the age of 40 weeks were divided into 3 groups each was subdivided into 4 replicants. Each group was given one of three diets contained either 0.54, 1.04 or 1.54% available phosphorus and 3.0% calcium for one month. Egg production was recorded, and eggs and shells were weighed. Group 2 produced more egg (12.18 egg/day) than group 1 (9.31 egg/day) and group 3 (9.3 egg/day). Groups received higher percentage of available phosphorus in their diets produced heavier eggs (65.14, 67.67 and 68.28 g/egg respectively). Egg shell weight was increased accordingly when available phosphorus in the diet was raised (7.88, 8.85 and 9.0 g/egg respectively). It was concluded that the available phosph

The present study was designed to investigate the antinociceptive activity of seperate and
combined treatments of ethanol extract of Zingiber officinale rhizomes and vitamin C on
visceral nociception induced by intraperitoneal injection of 2% acetic acid which produced
writhing in rats. The preliminary chemical tests were performed on the extract and revealed the
presence of flavanoids, alkaloids and tannins. Visceral nociceptive responses including the
latency time to beginning of the first writhe, number of writhes per hour and the inhibition
percentage of writhing. Seperate i. p. injection of ethanol extract of Zingiber officinale at dose of
25 and 50 mg/kg BW caused significant (P<0.01) increase in latency tim

Powder of pomegranate barks (Punica granatum L) was prepared. Different concentration of watery

Spores of Bacillus subtilis HU1 suspended in whole milk and /or distilled water subjected to high and ultrahigh temperatures ranging from 85 to 14°C. Resulting survivor and thermal death time (TDT) curves were shown to be non-linear for all temperatures investigated; convex survivor curves at most heating temperatures were observed. TDT curves observed in all studies were concave and biphasic. The z-value using milk as the menstruum were 57°C for heating temperatures of 121-140°C, and 20°C, for heating temperatures of 110-121°C. Distilled water as the menstruum yielded z-values of 58°C and 16°C for heating temperatures of 120-140°C and 110-121°C respectively.

     This study was designed to explain the anatomy and histology of kidneys and salt glands in Great Flamingos. Eight adult healthy Great Flamingos of both sexes have been used. The results showed that the kidneys in Great Flamingos consist of three separated lobes. The right kidney was longer 8.9±0.3 mm than the left kidney 8.4±0.4mm. The ratio of the kidneys weight to the total body weight was 0.39%. The salt gland was very large crescent shape, and occupied the supraorbital fossa and has 20.8±0.2mm long and 3.9±0.2mm in diameter. The volume of cortex was 60-70% and the medulla was 30-40%. Within the middle region of cortex there were numerous large corpuscles (mammalian type) and few of small corpuscles (repti

The aim of this study was to diagnose fetal mortality and the time of
occurrence using real-time ultrasonography. 118 ewes were included in this
experiment, to synchronized estrus of 47 ewes were carried out by using
intravaginal sponges containing 40 mg progesterone for 14 days and then
injected intramuscularly with 500IU of eCG at the time of sponge withdrawal,
while 71 ewes were not treated and left to cycling normally. All ewes were
mated naturally. In order to determinate of fetal numbers and observing fetal
mortality, ewes were examined by 5MHz real- time ultrasonography at interval
20-24, 25-29, 30-34, 35-39 and after day 40 after breeding. The results showed
that embryonic mortality rate in non treated

بالنظر لشحة المياه في مدينة بغداد وكثرة اعمال التخريب التي حصلت على انابيب شبكات المياه القادمة من محطات التصفية ولضرورة أستعمالات الماء لجميع نواحي الحياة( كالشرب والتنظيف و الري وغيرها). بات من الضروري اللجوء الى المياه بئر في عدد من مناطق بغداد لاشهرنيسان,وأيار,وحزيران 16 الجوفيه باعتبارها مصدر ثاني من مصادر المياه.فقد تم مسح نوعي لـ 5,TDS, PH , واجريت عليها مختلف الفحوصات الفيزيائية والكيميائية ( 04 -6 , حيث بلغ

Male reproductive health is intricately regulated by molecular and physiological processes, with the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) playing a crucial role. AhR is activated by various ligands and influences the onset and progression of diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of AhR on spermatogenesis in adult male rats were affected by resveratrol (RES) and CH223191, an AhR antagonist. The study include forty rats were randomly divided into four equal groups: Control group, DMSO group, RES group and AhR‾ group, the rats received respective treatments intraperitoneally twice weekly for 60 days, and various parameters related to male reproductive health were evaluated. The AhR that activation by the RES treatment were e