Tannins have been demonstrated to inhibit the growth of several chicken illnesses in vitro.
The complex compositions of tannins make it difficult for microorganisms to develop bacterial resistance. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of condensed tannins (CT) extracts on metabolic profile of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H-NMR). The experimental groups were divided into three groups:control (no CT added), high in procyanidins (PC-CT) group, and high in prodelphinidins (PDCT) group, with exposure times of 0, 10, and 24 h. APEC was observed to respond to CT extracted from Tilia flowers (high PC-CT) and black locust leaves (high PD-CT). The levels of amino acids including lysine, leuc

Histomorphological study confirmed that the carotid sinus was characterized by an abrupt thinning of elastic tunica media which

General inhalation anaesthesia has been evaluated in twelve local sheep, which were divided in two equal groups. First group anaesthtized by

     Equine herpsvirus type1 was classified as a member of the subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae. It was reported to cause respiratory, reproductive and neurologic infection in horses. The reproductive form of the disease induces abortion in pregnant mare, while the neurologic form is associated with paralysis of infected horses. This study was designed for molecular detection of Equine herpsvirus type1 by polymerase chain reaction. Blood buffy coat samples were collected from 25 horses (Equus feruscaballus) and 25 donkeys (Equus asinus) admitted to local private veterinary clinics around Baghdad and Baaquba cities. DNA was extracted from such samples by the use of DNA extraction kit of COLLECTAG

A study wes conducted on the effect of two rearing systems (Cages and floor) and the environmental temperature on the egg production and mortality percent , of the laying hens. A total of 6000 Hisex Brown laying hens, 22 weeks old, were randomly divided in two closed houses. Hens in the first house were raised in cages while hens in the second house were raised on the floor, All birds were fed ad. Libitum a commertial laying diet. One year experiment was divided into 13 periods of 4 weeks each. At the end of each period, H.D, H.H. egg production and mortality percent were calculated The data indicated, that rearing system did not significantly affect the egg production of the laying hens, but the mortality percent were significantly (P&l

In this study 72 blood samples were collected from healthy individuals. Thirty blood samples were taken from children with age range (12-18) and twenty blood samples from females with age range (12-15) years old 2-4 after two weeks of vaccination with rubella vaccine. Control group included 12 healthy children and 10 healthy females both did not have rubella vaccine through their life. These samples were tested to evaluate the immune-status of individuals after immunization. In this study specific haemagglutination antibodies and IgM antibodies were measured and total Immunoglobulines (IgM, IgG and IgA) also determined. Lymphocyte transformation and ability of phagocyte cell to phagocytosis were measured. The results showed decrease in t

Adult white swiss mice and- laying hens were used to study the adrenal medulla. Samples of adrenal glands were collected and fixed in formal ~ dichrornate solution and six micron thick sections were stained by Harris H & E. Light microscopic observations reveal that adrenal medulla of both White Swiss mice and laying hens were built up of two types of chromaffin cells, without any characteristic features of zonation. In laying hens : our data revealed that mednllary tissue was intermingled with the cortical one and the adrenaline cells were mainly distributed in the subcapsular region, While large central vein was seen in the medulla of white Swiss mice surrounded mainly by noradrenaline cell.

The growth and development in two groups of Aw-ssi lambs were followed from birth until weaning time. The

Liquid Phase Radioimmunoassay (RIA) was developed to detect and measure anti-rinderpest immunoglobuli

A total of 143 samples of meat were examined in this study, these
represents 67 samples of locally minced meat, 31 samples of imported
minced meat and 45 samples of imported chicken meat. The samples were
collected from different areas of Baghdad city during the period from
January till May 2006.
Detection, isolation an enumeration of E.coli 0157:H7 were carried out.
The result revealed that there was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in the
isolation percentage and the microbial counts of E.coli 0157:H7 when
comparing the three types of meat. The highest prevalence were found in the
locally minced meat (80% ; 1.6 x 107 cfu/g) Followed by the imported
minced meat (65% ;5.9x106cfu/g) and finally chicken

Bovine anaplasmosis is one of the tick-borne diseases caused by Anaplasma marginale bacteria which can cause high economic losses to livestock. Cattle that recovered from acute infection become carriers without clinical signs related to the disease and these bacteria can persist for lifetime in the blood. The present study was conducted to detect antibodies of persistently infected cattle with A. marginale in Wasit province/ Iraq. A total of 100 blood samples were collected randomly from cattle over one year old. Blood smears were prepared, stained with Giemsa,s stain and subjected to microscopic examination for detection of Anaplasma marginale bacteria within an infected RBCs, while serum samples were tested by a competitive enzyme - li

Codebook shifting of some clones of Enterococci from normal flora to genotypically and phenotypically foodborne opportunistic and multidrug resistant pathogens in our ecosystem represent dangerous hygienic problem. Seventy-fivepooled milk samples were collectedfrom differentdistricts in Baghdad ecosystem from January until May (2019). Fiftyraw milk samples pooled directly from Cows and milk containers (twenty-five each) and twenty-five imported milk powders pooled from Baghdad markets in which, fifteen samples inspected monthly(five from each brand). Certifiedand modified traitsprofits for isolation and confirmation policy. Frequency and distribution of verified data in Baghdad environment reveled variable results. Seven Ent

This study aimed to determine the concentration of depleted uranium and the main histopathological changes in local fish and chickens at a selected Iraqi area suspected to be polluted with uranium. Different locations of Al-Tuwaitha region (Southern of Baghdad) were surveyed randomly to collect a total of 15 samples from each animal species. The animals were sacrificed and dissected at the site of collection. Muscle samples were collected to determine uranium concentrations using nuclear fission track analysis with CR-39 detectors. For histopathological changes, sample tissues from fish (liver, gills, and kidney) and chickens (liver, kidney, and lung) were collected and fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin. The results showed that ther

The frequency and distribution pattern of Aeromonas hydrophilain cow’s raw milk and soft cheese were investigated in Abu-Ghraib, Al-Fudhaliyah and Al-Sadrya regions in Baghdad. A total of one hundred twenty pooled samples were collected during February until June (2019),in which sixty samples of raw milk pooled from milk containers, twenty from each region (four samples collected monthly per region) and sixty samples of fresh soft cheese made from raw unpasteurized milk were collected from different supermarkets in Baghdad as same as proportion above. Modified procedures for isolation and identification were dependent in which, modified tryptone soya yeast extract sheep blood agar supplemented with ampicillin used. Gram stain

L-arginine-Nitric oxide pathway plays an important role in a series of
neurobiological functions underlying behaviors including analgesic effect and has
shown a role in pain feeling which is a mediator with modulation effect in dorsal root
of ganglionic neurons of spinal cord. The goal of the present study is to clarify the
influence of L-arginine-mediated nitric oxide (NO) on pain arbitration in both sexes
of mice. The reactive time to thermal stimulus, latency period, tail withdrawal and the
number of foot licking and flinching in hot plate test, tail flick and formalin tests were
recorded. The results showed that L-NAME (nitric oxide synthase inhibitor) has had
an antinociceptive activity demonstrated as

Diabetes Type 2 is associated with low testosterone levels in men, The mechanism of which is unclear .Thus the aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of low testosterone in T2D patients men ⁄ and with aging ,and the possibility of anemia in these patients and the anemia accompanied the T2D cases is due to T2D itself or by the effect of low testosterone. Present work was studied two male groups with different age first, group A age (31-40) years , 60 person {30control & 30 T2D patients} (3 persons for each age),second, group B age (41-50) years ,60 person ,{30 control & 30 patients} (3 persons for each age). Blood was taken from these groups and sugar, PCV, Hb and Testosterone levels were measured comparing with control

   إن الهدف من تصميم البحث هو لتقييم إمكانية إصلاح عيوب غضروف القصبة الهوائية في الكلاب .استخدمت في هذه الدراسة 18 من الكلاب المحلية ومن كلا الجنسين  . قسمت إلى مجموعتين متساويتين. تم استحداث أذى في الجزء العنقي من القصبة الهوائية على شكل نافذة وبقطر حوالي  3سم * 2سم . تم غلق الأذى في المجموعة الأولى باستخدام مادة اسمنت العظم الصناعية مع شبكة البولي بروبايلين والمجموعة الثانية باستخدام شبكة البولي بروب

In This study, the bacteria Escherichia Coli, Salmonella typhimurium and Shigella dysentarea were isolated from diarrhea in infants. Microbiological and biochemical tests were conducted to identify these bacteria. In the Identification of bacterial Species the API-System was used. Sensitivity test of bacterial isolates revealed high resistance to many Antibiolics like Ampicillin, Tetracycline, Ceftazidine, Cephalothin ,Vancomycin and Rifamipicin.
The effects of extracts of (Citrus aurantifolia ,Zingiber offienals, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Pimpinellaanisum, Camellia ,sinessis Coffeiaarabica, Elattariacar domomum, Cumminum cumminum, Thymus vulgaris and Trigonella foenum geoecum in inhibiting bacteria isolated from diarrhea were studied , als

The local study was targeting to investigate the biological antibacterial activity for gradiate concentrations of a local honey bees (125,250, 375 and 500 mg/ml) were tested for five type of bacteria, two of which are gram positive (staphylococcusaureus , streptococcus spp.) and three of them were negative bacteria ( Esherichia coli , salmonella spp. , pseudomonas aeruginosa) by using agar well diffusion method and tube dilution method.
The results of agar well diffusion method showed that the bacteria of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus Spp. were the most sensitive to honey dilutions, while E.coli ,Salmonella Spp. showed moderate sensitivity . Pseudomonas aeruginosadid not show any sensitivity. The result also showed that the

This research concerns (306)faecal samples from different regions in Baghdad from sheep were examined,the results showed that 230 samples were infected with gastrointestinal parasites with total rate 75.1% which included : 49.0% of coccidiosis ( 9 species of Eimeria were recorded E.parva, E.ovina, E.crandalli s, E. weybridgensi, E. pallida, E. granulosa E .faurei, E. ovinadalis E.marsica) , 21.2% Nematodes 7.84% ,6.5% ,4.5%, 2.2% for Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus ,Nematodiru,and Trichuris in respectively , while the percentage of trematodes & cestodes infections were 4.9% for fasciola 2.28% , Paramphistomum 1.6% , Moniezia 0.9% .Age factor influenced on infection percentage it is higher in younger with coccidiosis infection 25.4% whil

Catalyst gas phase ammoxidation of 2,3, and 4- picolines in a fixed bed reactor is described
the catalyst applied composed of Vanadium (V) and tin (Sn) Oxides supported on Al2O3 as
described in recent papers (1), (2). The effect of NH3, O2, contact time and temperature of the
picoline mole ratios on the yield and conversion of the products was studied. The conversation
and yield are in the rate of 2-picoline> 4-picoline > 3-picoline.
The applied catalyst was active even after 150 hours of reaction. The highest yield obtained
of nicotinic acid was 90%, 88%, 87% 2-picoline, 4-picoline and 3-picoline respectively.

The study was conducted to indicate the compartive measurements of heavy metals residues levels were detected by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer in 10 random samples of locally processed cheeses and in 20 random samples of emulsifying salts collectd from different areas in Baghdad , results showed that such cheese of low quality and did not meet both local and international Dairy products standards , Such findings of high concentration of heavy metals residues indicate that the emulsifying salts used in processing were not nutritional but of industrial origin and unfit for human consumption . The results show that is the concentration *[p.p.m.] of heavy metals residues **(±MD) in the locally processed cheeses samples were < 0.1±

The study conducted an attempts to improve the Keeping quality (Shelf T.) of Laboratory processed cheeses by the Natamycin preservation against spoilage of Yeasts & Moulds . Random collected samples of processed soft cheeses collected from different areas of Baghdad to produce Laboratory processed cheeses by using the best mix of Emulsifying salts that is composed of :- 90% Na tripolyphosphate + 10% 3Na citrate . Laboratory processed cheeses without preservative treating lasted to be fit for humane consumption for (30) day when store at room temp. & aerobic Condition & for (45) day when store at room temp. & non aerobic condition & for (40) day when store at refrigeration temp. & aerobic condition & for (60) d

Three types of Nerium.oleander leaves of hexane extract were prepared according the color of their flower, red flower group (RFG), pink flower group (PFG) and white flower group (WFG).After drying in the sunlight, grinding by electrical grinder. Extraction with hexane was done by a soxhlet apparatus for each type the extract of each type was dissolved in propylene glycol which was used to dissolve the extract with the aid of magnetic stirrer mixer for ten minutes. The median lethal dose (LD50) experiment for each type, fifty adult mice of mixed sex were used. They were divided into 5 equal number groups and were given different oral doses as following:-The red flower groups (RFG) received oral doses ranging from 225-425mg⁄Kg ,the pink

This study was designed to high light about the effect of some factors individually or in combination that shared in the reduction of the chlorine activity and efficiency for meeting the bacterial standards as a disinfection agent for drinking water at Baghdad city/ Al- kurch. To achieve the objectives (137) drinking water samples were collected from July up to the end of November 2007 from the houses of Baghdad's citizens/ Al-kurch. Also studying the scientific nature of some municipal water supply at Baghdad/ Al- kurch, drinking water samples were collected from faucets after allowing the water to run for 0, 5 and 10 minutes. Statistical data showed that there was non significant difference in both the chlorine concentration and colifo

40 Mmermrij fish Mastacembelus mastacebelus were collected from different areas in Baghdad , a total of 20 fish from each area; the first 20 from area near a Al Muthanna bridge, and the second from the old Diyala bridge. stomach contents Were taken from these fish and analyzed by the Gel electrophoresis device results showed abandunce of food protein of animal origin, which was identified with the food samples taken from the real environment of these fish. Also two types of parasitic crustaceans were identified which are considered the most common external parasites infected fish ; these were Leranea worms, type Learnea cyprinacea, and fish lice Argulus, type Argulus foliaceus, this is with respect to Almmermrij fish taken from Al Muthan

The present study is designated to demonstrate the distinctive features, location, shape and boundaries, as well as the histological structures and the blood supply of the thyroid, parathyroid and ultimobranchial glands in the local breed turkey (Meleagris gallopavo). Twelve healthy birds from the local breed of Turkey were taken and divided into two equal groups: Six birds for anatomical study and six birds for histological study (three males and three females) for each study. Some anatomical parameters of the three glands which include: Length, width and volume, gross description, anatomical location and blood supply of the three glands were done. The anatomical results showed that the local breed Turkey has a pair of thyroid glands lo