A histological study was conducted to examine the structure of optic tectum in Clemmys caspica caspica. The results showed that the optic tectum consist of seven strata and the third stratum consists of three substrata, as follows: The stratum zonula (SZ), the stratum opticum (SO), the stratum griseum et fibrosum superficiale (SGFS) which consist of three substrata are a, b, c, the stratum griseum centrale (SGC), the stratum album centrale (SAC), the stratum griseum periventriculare (SGP), and the stratum album periventriculare (SAP). The stratum zonula (SZ) was the thinnest stratum in the optic tectum and its main thickness was (17-19) μm, while the stratum griseum et fibrosum superficiale (SGFS) was the thickest and its main thickness

The epididymal region of the common quail was located on the dorso-medial as

The aim of this study was the assessment of pentoxifylline (PTX) effects on female reproductive
hormones as well the body and reproductive organs. Sixty white mice with approximately same ages
(eight) weeks and body weights were randomly divided into (six.) equal groups 10 mice for each group.
Group 1: Received tap water along the period of experiment and considered as a control group. Animals
of group 2,3,4,5 and 6 were treated with 16 mg (PTX) / Kg B.W. daily for 2,4,6,8 and 10 weeks
respectively. Before and after treatment all animals were weighed, and blood samples were taken for
follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), lutenizing hormone (LH) and Estradiol (E2) hormones analysis.
After post – Mortem examination rep

This study was conducted to investigate the histopathological changes of cestodes chronic intestinal infections in ten local domesticated ducks (Anas platyrhynchas) during the period 1/9/2016- 1/10/2017 in Baghdad city. Results showed severe destruction in the intestinal mucosa ,sloughing and desquamation of the epithelia and severe destruction with distortion or complete loss of the intestinal villi, complete loss of the mucosal and submucosa layers with destruction of intestinal glands and there is a severe infiltration of inflammatory cells mainly mononuclear cells in the lamina propria, and a focal necrosis in the intestinal mucosa.The submucosa showed an infiltration of macrophages and few lymphocytes, severe necrosis , calcificatio

This study was investigated to recognize the generative capacity of liver that influenced by administration of estradiole benzoate. Twenty four healthy local breed male rabbits weighed 1.5-2 kg were used .They were classified into two equal groups control and treated groups. Animals anaesthetized by intramuscular injection of Ketamine (35mg /kg B.W) and Xylazine (5mg\kg B.W.) In control group partial hepatectomy of liver was done, while in treated animals were subject to a same operation then received an intramuscular injection 0.1ml of estradiol benzoate 0.2% at 3rd and 5th days post operation. At 3rd days microscopic finding showed biopsy were taken at 3rd, 7th and 14 day, post operation to study the histopathological changes in liver

      هدفت الدراسة معرفة مدى انتشار القمل والقراد الصلب  في الاغنام من خلال  فحص 516 رأسا ،لأعمار واجناس مختلفـة عشوائيا في  مناطق مختلفة  لمدينة بعقوبة ـ  محافظة ديالى، للمدة مـن 1 تشرين ثاني 2011 ولغايـــة 31 ايار2012 . بلغت نسبة اصابـــــة الاغنام الكليـــــة بالقمـل المـــــــــــاص           ( Linognathus  africanus) والعاض (  Bovicola  ovis )18.21% و  0.19% ع

To study the influence of whole sonicated Pseudomonas aeruginosa antigens (WSPAgs) on experimental arthritis induced by this bacteria, 15 rabbits were divided into 3 equal groups. The 1st group was inoculated intraarticular with 0.2 ml of p. aeruginosa suspension (2×108 cfu/ml), the 2nd group was immunized with WSP Ags, and inoculated intraarticular as in the 1st group. The 3rd group was served as negative control group. At 30 day post inoculation the immunized (2nd) group showed increase in the cellular (DTH and IFN-γ) and humeral (IgG) immunity and moderate bacterial isolation from joints, blood and internal organs comparing with other groups. The 1st group showed sever symptoms and inflammatory reaction as well as very obvious gross

This study was conducted to determine the anatomical examination of the
salivary glands, their position and their opening in the indiagenous geeze (Anser
anser).
Eight healthy birds (4 male & 4 female) were used.
The data showed that the geese have well developed salivary glands namely,
palatine (lateral and medial) spheno pterygoid glands of the angle of the mouth
and cricoarytenoid salivary glands. Those salivary glands opened by means of
the main excretory ducts in the oral cavity while the lingual (anterior &
posterior) and mandibular (anterior & posterior) salivary glands. Exhibited
numerous ducts opened in the oral cavity.

Sixteen normal colostrum-fed -Friesian and Holestein-Friesian X Angus crossbred calves, ranging in age from 2 to 7 weeks were divided into 4 vaccinated groups and 1 nonvaccinated (control) group. Group I consisted of 2 calves vaccinated orally twice at a two week interval with small doses of organisms ( 104 thar1l05 live virulent Salmonella gghimurium, strain 108-11). Group ll consisted of 2 calves vaccinated orally twice at two weeks interval with 1011 organisms (modified Salmonella typhimurium, strain SL 3261 ). Group [[1 consisted of 2 calves vaccinatedlivitwice at two weeks interval with small doses of organisms ( 104 than 105 virulent Salmonella typhimurigg, strain 108-11). Group IV consisted of 3 calves which were vaccinated 1M twi

There were no available sufficient stuties on brucellosis among camels in our counrty. Thus, the aim of this work was to investigate the prevalence of brucellosis in camels slaughtered for meat purposes in Najaf abattoire. Data for camels in this study was obtained from 515 blood samples collected from both sexes. The serum samples were tested by Rose Benge! Plate test (REPT), serum (tube) agglutination test (TAT) and the slide agglutination test (SAT) using Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis antigens. The overall results of RBPT, TAT and SAT were 6.6%, 1.74% and 3.1%, 2.3% respectively. The percentage of the females positive reactors was 4.85% to RBPT, 1.35 to the TAT and 2.33, 1.94 to SAT (by Br. abortus antigen and Br. Melitensi

Grossly, there are bilaterally paired, round to oval parathyroid glands in laying hens.

A chromosomal analysis of three breeds of Iraqi sheep (Karadi Arabi and Awassi) has been performed on peripheral

The main objective of this study was to evaluate raw milk quality. This study was designed

Twenty Awassi sheep were divided to two groups , the first fed on high level of nutrition and the other fed low level of nutrition . Each group was divided to two groups , the first infected with 500 larvae/Kg body weight of Haemonchus contortus and the second was used as a control .

Weight gain , wool production , feed conversion efficiency and egg/G.. were recorded weekly for 13 weeks post infection .All production Traits of low level nutrition group were more effected than high level nutrition group , and these results revealed highly significant (P<0.001) effect of nutrition level on genetic resistance .

There were significant (P<0.05) effect of nutrition treatment interaction on E.P.G. weight gain , feed conversi

Laboratory experiments were done to study the possible circumstances which might accompany some pathgenic bacterial species

Out of 720 cows milk samples examined, the incidence of clinical mastitis was found to be <

A study was carried out to investigate the effect of fluoride on cholesterol synthesis in testicular

An outbreak of rinderpest virus infection diagnosed clinically in Muvlon and Dama deers at Roathat, Al

The present study was conducted on onc hundred twenty non-lactating COWS located in two dif

A total of 14 different bacterial species were monitored for their capabilities in survival on each of metal (

Eighteen birds were taken from a flock of line C and A,. They were reared on three types of litters, wood shaving, typha and blady grass until 7 weeks of age

The present study was intended to evaluate the prophylactic effects of two anticoccidial drugs (monensin and amprolium) on experiinental infection with Eimeria tenella in chickens. Twenty one day-old chicks were used, they were divided in two main groups (floor and battery brooders rearing) with 112 chicks for each group. Each group was subdivided into four subgroups represent, control, infected nontreated, treated ‘with monensin and treated with amprolium. Monensin was given at rate of 100 ppm in ration while amprolium was given at a rate of 125 ppm in drinking water. The birds were infected with 50.000 sporulated oocystes/bird at 25 days of age injected directly into the crop. The following parameters were used to evaluate the drugs;

Unilateral. thoracotomy was performed in twenty nine donkeys and twenty five horses aged 4-10 years without an ‘aid of positive ‘respirator. Surgical pneumothorax did not endanger the life of patient. Eighteen horses and twenty four donkeys became clinically “normal and the wounds were completely healed within 30 days, however, two horses .dies due to pleurisy. Five horses and five donkeys were killed and subjected to anatomical studies to find out if .there is a communication between the plural sacs or if the mediastinum is not strong enough to resist pressure. Observations indicate that there is no communication between the two plural sacs and that the mediastinum is strong enough to resist the difference in the pressure of the p

The main objective to this study is to demonstrate certain aspects of pathological and histochomical changes

This study was conducted on 80 cases of damaged kidneys received by
poultry disease diagnostic centers in Baghdad. Four microorganisms were isolated
E.coli , Proteus milabilis , Pseudomonas aregenosa and Klebsiella pneumonia
and formed 55, 22.5 , 17.5 ,and 5% of the infection respectively . While no any
kind of bacteria were isolated from kidneys of healthy chicks. To be sure the E.
coli could be a cause of kidney damage. An experimental infection with E.coli
was carried out on 40 chicks, three weeks old, and randomly divided into two
groups. Chicks of the first group was inoculated intravenously with 0.5 ml of field
isolated E. coli suspension containing 2x107 colony forming unit (CFU), while the
second group

The effect of vit.E in feed blocks to ewes were studied in ewes on the
following parameters; Hemoglobin concentration, Packed Cell Volume,
differential leukocytic count, total protein, albumin, and globulin ratios. There
were a significant decrease in Hb concentration & PCV after two,& four weeks,
there were no significant differences in the percentage of lymphocytes,
neutrophils,& eiosinophils, & with a significant increase in monocyte
percentage.
There was no significant different in total protein ratio, while the ratio of
albumin decreased significantly after 2 & 4 weeks, with a significant increase in
the globulin ratio at the same period.

Brucella spp are important food pathogen those can be infected the human-being during consumption of contaminated milk and milk products from sheep, goats, and cattle with Brucella spp. In this study the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for direct detection of Brucella spp. from milk of sheep and cattle were employed to amplify 233bp product of highly conserved regions of BCSP31 gene encoding a 31-KDa cell surface protein in B. melitensis and B. abortus. The results showed that the sheep were more frequent for shedding of Brucella spp in their milk, where appeared (6/50 samples) at (12%). Whereas the cattle appeared less frequency for shedding of Brucella in their milk, which showed (2/50 samples) at (4%). It can be concluded that PCR tec

This study was designed to high light about the effect of some factors individually or in combination that shared in the reduction of the chlorine activity and efficiency for meeting the bacterial standards as a disinfection agent for drinking water at Baghdad city/ Al- kurch. To achieve the objectives (137) drinking water samples were collected from July up to the end of November 2007 from the houses of Baghdad's citizens/ Al-kurch. Also studying the scientific nature of some municipal water supply at Baghdad/ Al- kurch, drinking water samples were collected from faucets after allowing the water to run for 0, 5 and 10 minutes. Statistical data showed that there was non significant difference in both the chlorine concentration and colifo

40 Mmermrij fish Mastacembelus mastacebelus were collected from different areas in Baghdad , a total of 20 fish from each area; the first 20 from area near a Al Muthanna bridge, and the second from the old Diyala bridge. stomach contents Were taken from these fish and analyzed by the Gel electrophoresis device results showed abandunce of food protein of animal origin, which was identified with the food samples taken from the real environment of these fish. Also two types of parasitic crustaceans were identified which are considered the most common external parasites infected fish ; these were Leranea worms, type Learnea cyprinacea, and fish lice Argulus, type Argulus foliaceus, this is with respect to Almmermrij fish taken from Al Muthan