The aim of the study is to compare the histological changes that occur in the sensory neurons of dorsal root ganglion at L6 and L7 levels of the spinal nerve in different age groups in rabbits. Fifteen rabbits were divided into three groups of equal number according to their age (weaning, maturation and adult). Dorsal root ganglion of spinal nerve at L6 and L7 levels were removed and examined histologically under light microscope. Comparison were made in diameters of neurons and their numbers in different age. The results showed a significant (P<0.05) decrease in the number of sensory neurons and a significant (P<0.05) increase in their diameters with advancing age. In conclusion, the structures of sensory

This experiment was carried out to determine structural functional changes which could be caused due to uses of dexamethasone at daily therapeutic doses in rabbits for a reasonable period

In order to investigate the presence of methicillin or multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus
in food-chain especially Cows raw milk and white raw soft cheese and its whey, a total of 30 samples
were collected randomly from different markets in Baghdad Province during December 2012 till
February 2013, in which samples were analyzed by a standard isolation protocols of food
microbiology with some modification processing by new, modern and rapid technology tools such as
chromogenic medium Baird-Parker agar, Electronic RapIDTM Staph Plus Code Compendium Panel
System (ERIC®) Dryspot Staphytect Plus and Penicillin Binding Protein (PBP2') Plus assays; as well
as, studying the susceptibility of isolates to differe

The study was conducted to investigate the effect of Fenugreek and Ginger Powder. The additives
were added to diets of broiler chicken for 6 weeks (along the period of experiments). The Production
performance, the Physiology and the Microbial balance in the intestine were studied.
150 day-old Hubbard Chicks were divided randomly into 5 groups were as follow:
1- Group one: Basal diet (control group).
2- Group Two: Basal diet to 0.5 % Fenugreek.
3- Group Three: Basal diet to 1 % Fenugreek.
4- Group Four: Basal diet to 0.5 % Ginger.
5- Group Five: Basal diet to 1 % Ginger.
The results showed:
1- The groups which treated by Fenugreek seeds powder (0.5 %) and by Ginger (0.5 %)
and (1%) showed insignificant inc

        هدف الدراسة هو نتاج مركز بروتيني محور من الألياف العضلية لأسماك الجري Silurus triostegus ودراسة تركيبه الكيميائي وخواصه الوظيفية والحسية عند خزنه لمدة 35 يوماً في درجة حرارة المختبر 25-30 °م، واستعماله في الانظمة الغذائية إذ كانت النسبة المئوية للحاصل 18.6%، أما المحتوى الكيميائي للمركزالمحور المحضر فقد لوحظ أنّه احتوى على نسبة عالية من البروتين ومنخفضة من الرطوبة والرماد والدهن  ولطيلة

The primary aim of this study was to analyze the nucleocapsid (N) gene of the Canine Distemper Virus (CDV) in infected canines within Baghdad, Iraq. A total of 50 samples, encompassing nasal swabs and fecal specimens, were obtained from canines of various ages and breeds. Utilizing a Rapid Test, nine of 50 samples tested positive for CDV. Subsequent to this, the RNA from the positively tested samples was extracted and subjected to Reverse ‎Transcription-‎Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) for cDNA synthesis. The synthesized ‎cDNA was further amplified through conventional PCR targeting the N gene. Six of these amplified products were submitted to Macrogen, South Korea, for sequencing. Sequence analysis revealed multiple silent and

The effect of various concentration of Rosmarinus officinalis on the total count of bacteria in minced meat stored at temperature between 4 – 6oC for periods up to 14 days is examined. The results showed that the oily extract at the concentration of 20 – 100 mg/ml and the watery extract of the concentration of 120 – 200 mg/gm have a significant effect (P<0.05) in comparison with blank treatment No significant variation ware found at (P<0.05) in the treatment with the watery and oily extracts

The experimental design of this study was included (12) Friesian calves aged between 3-5 weeks. Calves were divided into two groups. Group I consisted of (8) calves were infected experimentally with 1.5 x 10“ of Salmonella typhimurium and often that treatment with chloramphenicol and electrolytes fluid were takes place. Group II consisted of (4) calves were infected with organisms but without treatment.

The clinical findings of the disease were characterized by two forms which includes the septicemic and enteric forms.

Haematological changes revealed a variable number of the total and differential leukocytic count, increased PCV, fibnnogen and decreased of the total plasma protein. .

The changes in the acid-b

هدفت الدراسة الى تقييم التاثير العلاجي للخلاصة المائية للكزبرة والثوم على التغيرات المرضية السمية الحادة
والمزمنة لكلوريد الزئبق في الجرذان . ظهرت العلامات السريرية الحادة بعد وقت قصير من تجريع المادة المذكورة
واصبحت اكثر شدة مما ادى الى معدل الهلاكات تتناسب مع تركيز الجرعة المعطاة . تم ملاحظة العلامات السريرية
المزمنة بصورة مستمرة ويمكن ايجازها, فقدان شهية مع انخفاض في وزن الجسم وشحوب واصفرار الاغش

In this study blood samples were collected from 150 newborns (NBs), In a period from 20082010, with blood groups A and B from mother’s blood group O positive and those who do not have any other reason for the jaundice..Of 150 NBs, 105 have blood group A and 45 with group B. And the male to female ratio was 1.7:1. The average of NBs age at the onset of jaundice was 19.02 hrs, it was earlier in blood group B and in newborns of first pregnancy. The average of serum bilirubin level at 24 hours was 5.70 mg/dl; there was no statistical value of the blood group and the sex of the NBs in the bilirubin level. Newborns had anemia at delivery in 12 cases, 6 of them were premature. Fifty one NBs were followed for late anemia and found 36 (70%) had

Two hundreds suspected typhoid fever patients blood and stool samples
were collected. The diagnosis of patients was concerned with the clinical
symptoms and serologically obtained from Widal test by using both H,Oantigens.
The titer of antibodies were concentrated at a levels 80, 160 against
each antigens. Typhoid fever infect both sex, but the rate of infection among
males was higher (54%) as compared with that of females (46%), while the
highest rate of infection was encountered among the age 15-29 years old in
males and females 24.5%, 17.5% respectively. Sixty one isolates of
Salmonella typhi were isolated from the blood and feces specimens (49,12)
respectively. Serological characterization of isolates showe

Six deeply anestrus Arabian mares associated with small, hard inactive ovaries were treated with synthetic

Adult white swiss mice and- laying hens were used to study the adrenal medulla. Samples of adrenal glands were collected and fixed in formal ~ dichrornate solution and six micron thick sections were stained by Harris H & E. Light microscopic observations reveal that adrenal medulla of both White Swiss mice and laying hens were built up of two types of chromaffin cells, without any characteristic features of zonation. In laying hens : our data revealed that mednllary tissue was intermingled with the cortical one and the adrenaline cells were mainly distributed in the subcapsular region, While large central vein was seen in the medulla of white Swiss mice surrounded mainly by noradrenaline cell.

The frequency and distribution pattern of Aeromonas hydrophilain cow’s raw milk and soft cheese were investigated in Abu-Ghraib, Al-Fudhaliyah and Al-Sadrya regions in Baghdad. A total of one hundred twenty pooled samples were collected during February until June (2019),in which sixty samples of raw milk pooled from milk containers, twenty from each region (four samples collected monthly per region) and sixty samples of fresh soft cheese made from raw unpasteurized milk were collected from different supermarkets in Baghdad as same as proportion above. Modified procedures for isolation and identification were dependent in which, modified tryptone soya yeast extract sheep blood agar supplemented with ampicillin used. Gram stain

This study aimed to determine the concentration of depleted uranium and the main histopathological changes in local fish and chickens at a selected Iraqi area suspected to be polluted with uranium. Different locations of Al-Tuwaitha region (Southern of Baghdad) were surveyed randomly to collect a total of 15 samples from each animal species. The animals were sacrificed and dissected at the site of collection. Muscle samples were collected to determine uranium concentrations using nuclear fission track analysis with CR-39 detectors. For histopathological changes, sample tissues from fish (liver, gills, and kidney) and chickens (liver, kidney, and lung) were collected and fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin. The results showed that ther

Codebook shifting of some clones of Enterococci from normal flora to genotypically and phenotypically foodborne opportunistic and multidrug resistant pathogens in our ecosystem represent dangerous hygienic problem. Seventy-fivepooled milk samples were collectedfrom differentdistricts in Baghdad ecosystem from January until May (2019). Fiftyraw milk samples pooled directly from Cows and milk containers (twenty-five each) and twenty-five imported milk powders pooled from Baghdad markets in which, fifteen samples inspected monthly(five from each brand). Certifiedand modified traitsprofits for isolation and confirmation policy. Frequency and distribution of verified data in Baghdad environment reveled variable results. Seven Ent

This study aimed to detect Babesia gibsoni (B. gibsoni) in dogs of different ages, sex and breeds in Baghdad province by microscopic and molecular investigations using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), sequencing, and phylogenetic analyses. The present study was investigated B. gibsoni in 310 blood samples of dogs for the period from December 2018 to September 2019 in Baghdad province, Iraq. The molecular study was carried out by using universal primers of Babesia spp. (PIRO-A and PIRO-B) and specific primers of B. gibsoni (BAGIF and BAGIR) products size of 410 bp and 488 bp fragments of 18S rRNA gene respectively. The clinical signs revealed higher percentage and specific clinical signs of B. gibsoni as depre

Otitis Media (OM) is a common disease. It represents a serious problem mainly after winter outbreaks of respiratory tract infections (RTI); its consequences are hearing weakness; or even loss in adults and problems in speech in children. Gram-positive Cocci bacteria are among the causative pathogens. This study concerned with suppurative otitis media caused by gram-positive Cocci bacteria; either as pure culture or mixed with other pathogens. A total of 60 ear swabs were collected from Ear, Nose and Throat Department outpatients in AL-Nuaman hospital in Baghdad and cultured to isolate and identify the most common causative bacterial pathogen among gram positive Cocci. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common isolated bacteria (81.6%) re

     One hundred and fifty stool sampling were collected from clinical sources responsible of causing diarrhea in adults as well as children. The identification of Aeromonas hydrophila isolates depended on common methods of identification dependent on biochemical characteristics and culture, then vitek2 compact system was used. Eight Aeromonas hydrophila isolates were gained and revealed various productivity of metalloprotease; the isolate number 8 was the maximum effective in metalloprotease production. The eight isolates were examined with Polymerase Chain Reaction to prove enzyme gene presence, the results revealed that all isolates were positive for ahMP genes; metalloprotease was comple

تم تصميم هذه التجربه لتقييم  الدور الوقائي لزيت بذور الرمان    (PSO) في حماية الكبد ضد السمية الناجمة عن فلوريد الصوديوم (SF) في الجرذان.  قسمت عشرون من اناث الجرذان البالغات إلى أربع مجموعات متساوية وعوملت يوميا لمدة 40 يوما على النحو التالي: مجموعه السيطرة   C اعطيت ماء الحنفيه ، المجموعه الثانيه  T1  تلقت فلوريد الصوديوم 120 جزء في المليون في مياه الشرب ، المجموعة الثالثه  T2 اعطيت كلا من فلو

This study was designed to investigate the prophylactic effect of aqueous
extract of black currant concentrate on some biological markers related with
heart disease in male rat treated H2O2. It also aimed at comparing the
prophylactic effect of black currant concentrate to that of vit E.
Forty adult male rats were divided randomly into equal groups (ten
rat/group) & were treated as follows for 42 days. Rats in the first group (G І)
were received normal water with oral intubation of sun flower oil 1ml /rat and
consider as control group. Animals of the second group (G Π) were received
0.5% H2O2 in drinking water, while rats of the third group (G Ш) were received
0.5% H2O2 in drinking water with oral intuba

This study was carried out to at the poultry farm of the college of
veterinary medicine / Baghdad University during 12/5/2004 – 6/7/2004 to
study the effect of substitution of smut wheat instead of intact wheat in
poultry ration at the following levels (0%, 25% , 50% and 100%)
representing the following groups (T0, T1, T2 and T3), respectively. Physical
treatment was obtained for smut wheat by polishing the seed by sand to
remove the superficial fungal growth. Each group was sub divided into two
sub groups, one was physically treated with sand and the other was not
treated to study the hematology traits at 28 and 56 days of the experiment.
Characterristics included in this study were PCV, Hb, RBC, WBC,
dif

Magnetic therapy was applied in the present study, which play two roles; as antimicrobial (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus auras, Streptococcus spp, Klebsialla ,and Pseudomona ) and as stimulator to tissue repair.24 rabbits were used in this study, they divided into two groups; 1st group(treated group) contains 20 rabbits, 2nd group (control group) contains 4 rabbits, the last subdivided into two subgroup (standard control subgroup and sham-control subgroup, the left side of all animals in control group is standard control subgroup, while the left side is sham-control subgroup). After surgery to all, the wounds were exposed to pulsed magnetic field except standard control subgroup, they healed with conventional treatment, 1st group(trea

Pulsed electric field (PEF) processing involves the application of pulses of voltage for less than one second to fluid products placed between two electrodes. So this study was conducted for the quantitative assessments of mild PEF conditions on acid tolerance, growth, bile tolerance and protease activity of Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus LB-12. The control and PEF treated samples were prepared by inoculating 10 ml of freshly thawed culture of Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus LB-12 into 990 ml of sterile 0.1% (wt/v) peptone water and treated in a pilot plant PEF system (OSU-4M). The treatments were positive square unipolar pulse width of 3 μs, pulse period of 0.5 second, voltage of 1 kV/cm, delay time of 20 μs and f

This study was undertaken to prepare Heat Killed Candida albicans Antigen (HK-CA) and to investigate it's effect on elicitation of Delayed-type Hypersensitivity (DTH) and protection from virulent Candida challenged in mice, and described the major effect of Nocardia on the immunogenicity of this Ag.Four groups of 6 males Swiss mice for each group were immunized intraperitonialy(I.p)for 10 days at 5 doses(one day intervals) with 1x108 HK-CA plus Nocardia cell sap as adjuvant(CFA),the second group immunized with HK-CA plus Freund incomplete adjuvant,the third group immunized with HK-CA only and the fourth group treated with normal saline. Another group of 6 animals was immunized intranasally(I.n)with HK-CA only with the same doses as previ

A total of 300 one day old unsexed broiler chicks were divided into three
dietary groups which were: -
T1: Un-treated control.
T2: Poultrygrow 250 treated group.
T3: Cr-Yeast treated group.
Results have shown that the addition of Poultrygrow 250 and Cr-Yeast
have significantly (p < 0.05) improved the performance of broilers express in
weight gain and feed conversion ratio compared with control group. The study
showed an increase in red blood cell and hemoglobin and reduce in hetrophil /
Lymphocyte ratio.It was concluded that the supplementation of poultrygrow 250
and Cr-Yeast in the diet of broiler chickens could improve the performance of
the birds.

This study concerned with prevalence of infection of the goats and their kids with coccidia during the period from 1^st March 2004 to 30^th February 2005. Three hundred fifty two faecal samples were collected from 32 goats. The rate of infections in goats and kids was 47.6%, 61.1% respectively. The peak of infection was in spring and winter, and then the infection declined in hot and dry summer. The rate of infection in females (33.3%) was higher than in males (14.2%). Four species of coccidia were diagnosed Eimeria ahsata, Eimeria faurei,  Eimeria pallida, and Eimeria ovinoidalis.          

The present investigation aimed to study the Adenosine Deaminase activity in induction Cytogentic and histopathological c

The objective of the present study was to assess the effects of various doses of Azorubine which is a food additive on the female reproductive organs in Sprague Dawley rats. Twenty four female Sprgue Dawley rats were divided randomly into 4 equal groups. Group 1(control group), group, 2, 3 and 4 were received Azorubine (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg) orally, daily for 30 days respectively. Blood samples were taken for estimation of white blood cells, red blood cells, hemoglobin and platelets, in addition Luteinizing, follicular stimulation, estrogen and progesterone hormones from the sera. The reproductive hormones levels affected drastically under the effects of different doses of treatment like Luteinizing hormone (0.69±0.25, 0.60±0.75 and 0.55

The present study aimed to estimate the efficiency of both a cellular bovine pericardium and bovine urinary bladder matrix sheets in the reconstruction of large ventro-lateral hernias in Iraqi bucks by using of molecular evaluation depending on real time-polymerase chain reaction technique to investigate the level of basic-fibroblast growth factor  and vascular endothelial growth factor  genes during the healing process and reconstruction of the abdominal defects. Under sedation and local anesthesia, (6cm X 8cm size) of ventro-lateral hernias were induced in 24 of Iraqi bucks. The animals were divided randomly into two main equal groups. In bovine pericardium-treatment group, the hernias were treated with onlay implantation of