The study deals with China's soft power and diplomacy in the Middle East, and it focuses specifically on the tools and foundations of China's soft diplomacy and how it achieves its goals in the region in addition to its challenges in the region. In this regard, the study also focuses on the Chinese Belt and Road Initiative and its soft foundations and how they serve China’s diplomacy and soft power in the region. The study ends with a set of conclusions, perhaps the most prominent of which is that diplomacy and soft power have become a fundamental pillar of China's foreign policy to achieve its foreign goals and to establish an international system compatible with China's principles. As for the Middle East, China has established a poli

Conclusion The observation of the phenomenon of structural evolution of the international system and its instability on a particular situation, by its transition from unipolar to polarity to bipolarism and then to unilateralism in the early 1990s led by the United States, and to the present moment, To say that the structure by which the hierarchy of superpowers or the regime is directed in terms of its various capacities that qualify it, and with the consent of the rest of the States directing the regime to lead and lead the world's first place, has no direct relation to the stability of this system, I hope other more influential in its stability. The structure of the new international order will be completely different in terms of the r

الانتصار في الحروب الحديثة

النظام السياسي في كوريا الشمالة

       African countries are among the countries in the world that suffer from the phenomenon of child recruitment in wars and conflicts. There are many reasons behind it, including the nature of the human formation of children, the societal violence to which they are exposed, lack of access to education, economic hardships, as well as the role of African wars and conflicts and other reasons that compelled children to join armed groups and participate in military operations. The recruitment of children is divided into two types, compulsory and voluntary, and this leads to many humanitarian and security repercussions that are not limited to a specific period of time but extend to subsequent generations, and due to its seriousness, t

The "Nudge" Theory is considered one of the most recent theories, which is clear in the economic, health, and educational sectors, due to the intensity of studies on it and its applications, but it has not yet been included in crime prevention studies. The use of  Nudge theory appears to enrich the theory in the field of crime prevention, and to provide modern, effective, and implementable mechanisms.

The study deals with the "integrative review" approach, which is a distinctive form of research that generates new knowledge on a topic through reviewing, criticizing, and synthesizing representative literature on the topic in an integrated manner so that new frameworks and perspectives are created around it.

The study is bas

يهدف هذا البحث إلى دراسة أثر الخطاب السياسي الشعبوي في القيم الديمقراطية في دول الاتحاد الأوروبي، مع التركيز على إيطاليا بوصفها دراسة حالة. وينطلق من فرضية مفادها أن الخطابات الشعبوية تتباين بين اتجاهات تدعم الديمقراطية من خلال الدعوة إلى الديمقراطية المباشرة والسيادة الشعبية، واتجاهات أخرى تقوضها برفضها التعددية والنخب. ويعزو البحث صعود الأحزاب الشعبوية إلى عوامل اقتصادية متشابكة، لا سيما العولمة وما

تُعد الهوية عاملًا حاسماً في تشكيل توجهات الدول على مستويات متعددة؛ فهي تحدد دورها في شؤونها الداخلية، وترسم مسار سياستها الخارجية، وتُرسي أولويات قد تصبح أرضية للتعاون أو للتباين بين الدول. يركز هذا البحث على الصين والهند، وهما دولتان قامتا على هويتين متمايزتين تنطلق كل منهما من أسس فكرية واتجاهات أيديولوجية مختلفة.

يتناول البحث دور الهوية ومفهومها وتعريفاتها، منطلقًا من سؤال بحثي مركزي: هل أثرت الهو

يقدّم هذا البحث مراجعة تحليلية للاتجاهات العامة في الأدبيات التي تناولت النظم السلطوية في حقل العلوم السياسية، وذلك في إطار محاولة للإجابة عن السؤال المركزي: كيف تُدرس النظم السلطوية وما هي العناصر التحليلية التي تستند إليها هذه الدراسات؟ وقد اعتمد البحث المنهج الوصفي–التحليلي في قراءة واستعراض الأدبيات ذات الصلة، بهدف الكشف عن الكيفية التي فسّرت بها استمرارية هذه النظم وبقاءها رغم ما تواجهه من تحديات د

تُناقش هذهِ الدِراسة صعود اليمين المتطرف في أوربا الغربية خلال العقود الأخيرة صعوداً لافتاً لتيارات اليمين المتطرف، التي استطاعت أن تنتقل من هامش الحياة السياسية إلى مراكز صنع القرار أو التأثير الفعلي في السياسات العامة. وتُناقش هذهِ الدِراسة إشكالية هذا الصعود من خلال طرح تساؤلات محورية حول الأسباب البنيوية والظرفية التي أدت إليه، فضلًا عن تحليل أبرز النتائج السياسية والاجتماعية التي خلّفها، و

الوطنية والقومية والاممية والموقف الغربي والتغيير السياسي

Recent studies agree that the democratic system in a country can only be established in an atmosphere of political and religious freedom. However, the term democracy and the term freedom have become controversial because their concepts remain multiple and different. Karl Popper is one of the most prominent philosophers in modern Western political thought, and one of the defenders of democracy as opposite to dictatorship. It has defined its function by its ability to restrain the ruling elite and to enforce it to prevent their tendency to tyranny. This can be achieved only in the context of the close relationship between democracy and freedom, so, if there is democracy in the absence of absolute freedom, democracy is a gateway to expandin

The international humanitarian law found the special rules to protect women meanwhile the armed conflicts whether international or non-international. These rules are adopted for woman because of two reasons : that she is from civilians and on the other hand that her special constitution demands a special protection. The international community's attention of women is increased as a result of the tragic situation that faced women around the world especially in the Middle East and particularly in Iraq during the American-British war and ISIS period, these two periods sort many negative effects that reach women such as captivity, slavery, sexual enslavement and rape women especially Yazidis and Christians....

Receipt date:12/7/2020 accepted date:24/1/2021 Publication date:31/12/2021

  This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

The constant characteristic of international relations is the constant change due to political, economic and military developments in addition to technology, and this in turn has led to many transformations in the concept of power, its uses, and the elements that form power and its distribution, and according to those variables, the concept of power has shifted from hard to soft, up to smart powe

Receipt date:06/23/2020 accepted date:7/15/2020 Publication date:12/31/2021

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License

The executive authority differs from one country to another, as it differs from a federal state to another according to the nature of the applied political systems, so this research focused on federal states according to their political systems, then going into the details of the executive authority and its role In the federal states by referring to the four federal experiments

The dangers of (Israel's) integration with Arab countries in the middle east region will threaten the Arab security structure dimension, which the latter makes the Arab regional system vulnerable for distortion due to its nominal and symbolic value which is far from the Arab self and questioning with its effectiveness in comparing with the real capabilities to Arab countries in achieving the common targets. So, how to assess the different problems that began to hit the structure of the Arab regional system? and how to pledge an allegiance after putting forward what is known as the American Deal of the Century for the administration of former US President Donald Trump for making another step toward normalization with (Israel)?. The reveal

واقع الدراسات الاورومتوستطية في الجامعات العراقية "دراسة حالة كلية العلوم السياسية - جامعة بغداد"

لم تُعطَ قضية التدهور البيئي الاهتمام الكافي إلّا في الربع الأخير من القرن العشرين، إذ حصلت ظواهر سلبية مضرة بحياة الإنسان من فيضانات كافية وهزات أرضية وزلازل وثقوب في طبقة الأوزون التي تحمي الغلاف الجوي من نفاذ الأشعة فوق البنفسجية.

إنّ استعمال الوقود الأحفوري (الفحم الحجري، والنفط، والغاز) لأغراض الصناعة وكوقود للمنازل والسيارات أدى إلى انبعاث غازات ملوثة وأبرزها غاز ثاني أوكسيد الكربون إلى الجو الض

التعددية السياسية في السنغال

دور المنظمات الدولية في تفسير معاهداتها المنشئة

Abstract Rationality and freedom are fundamental elements of Western modernity. Although modern and contemporary Islamic thought has established its intellectual foundations on the fundamentals of intellectual thought that are at the core of its Islamic intellectual system, at the same time many of its intellectual products have been a response In spite of the fact that this Islamic intellectual response stands out from Western modernity as a negation or a positive attitude. The Islamic intellectual response differed in determining its position on Western modernity, depending on the nature of the historical stage that was The Islamic nation, as well as the nature of the challenge posed by Western civilization to other nations and other c

The results of the historical review of social and political realities in general show that the practical and procedural applications of social engineering as a particular activity primarily of the social and political characteristics of man and society emerged in modern Western societies before appearing in other societies, These results also show that the emergence of these practical reasons and their applications in the West has also seen the emergence of modern theoretical foundations there, which seems to be the usual and usual context everywhere and in most or not all areas of life. Since the social and political dimensions are intertwined in human life and are in full, comprehensive and lasting harmony, interest in this geometry h

النظام القانوني للمعاهدات الدولية في القانون العراقي

Receipt date:08/26/2020 accepted date:9/8/2020 Publication date:12/31/2021

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        The research entitled (Moderation in Omani External Political Behavior 1970-2020. contained introduction and two sections conclusion and recommendations. The introduction included a general overview of the topic, and the importance of the political behavior o

The whole world and the Arab world, especially an important part of this international system, is undergoing a radical transformation at all levels. This mosaic of political, economic, social and military relations and alliances, whether based on the special interests of the major Powers or on the basis of mutual interests, The major transformations to social, economic, political and military conflict and these transformations still bear more surprises, at all levels, nothing remains constant, all changed, relations changed and alliances changed and loyalties fell and the principles of the M changed and the spectacular imperial economies collapsed and the will of the masses was no longer fixed.

التعددية الحزبية في العراق في ظل غياب قانون الاحزاب

The roots of international relations: peace or war: A critical review A great debate has taken place about international relations between scholars concerning peace and War .The concept of root is matched with that of exception. And the importance of the research lies in the ensuing results in the report about the legitimacy of war and the space it holds, so if the origin of international relation is war .the obstacles against it are going to decrease .and if the origin lies in peace then the dimension of its legitimacy will narrow. key words: international relation –peace-war. Résumé : L’Origine des relations internationales : guerre ou paix : révisions critiques L’origine des relations internationales entre guerre et paix, a s