This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of two types of cryoprotectants and two cryopreservation methods on viability and normal morphology of the immature and in vitro mature of post-thawed buffalo oocytes. The in vitro mature and immature oocytes were kept in the vitrification solution (VS1) for 5 min and the vitrification solution (VS2) for 15 sec. The results revealed that the proportion of buffalo oocytes found to be viable and normal morphology were significantly (P< 0.01) higher in using glycerol which is 76.14% and 55.1%; respectively. We conclude from the present study that the viability and normal morphology of post-thawed buffalo vitrified in vitro matured oocytes were significantl

This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of two types of cryopreservation and different concentrations of Aloe vera as an antioxidant (0,10% and 20%) on the viability and normal morphology of immature and in vitro mature buffalo cryopreserved oocytes. The in vitro mature and immature oocytes were kept in cryopreservation solutions for rapid and vitrification techniques. The results revealed that the proportion of buffalo oocytes found to be viable and normal morphology were significantly (P<0.01) higher produced when using a high concentration (20%) of aloe vera on in vitro mature buffalo oocyte which is79.11% and 59.02%; respectively. We conclude from the present study that

This experiment was conducted at the poultry \ Animal Production Department - College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad, for the period from 22/11/2020 to 2/1/2021 . To study the effect of adding germinated red grains sorghum (GRGS) and raw red grains sorghum(RRGS) as a complete substitute for maize to broiler diets on production performance. 225 broiler chicks were used in this experiment and randomly distributed to five treatments by 45 chicks/treatment with three replicates/treatment , 15 chicks/repl

This research was aimed to investigate 16 species belonging to the genus Euphorbia in order to enrich the Iraqi flora with diagnostic characteristics of this genus depending of the surface covering of leaves, stems and floral parts. The studied species were collected from Baghdad, Najaf, Karbala, Wasit, Diyala, Irbil, Kirkuk and Basrah in the growing seasons 2019/2020. These species are: Euphorbia. shehbaziana, E. denticulate Lam, E. craspedia Boiss., E., kete, E. pulcherrima, E. cyathophora Murray. E. granulata Forssk., E. helioscopia L., E. hirta L., E. hypericifolia L., E. mi

Cooking ware that is made of aluminum is used in different nations, particularly developing nations, and are a free source of aluminum. Due to its possible harmful effects on human health, aluminum is acknowledged as a public health problem. The goal of the current investigation is to evaluate curcumin's (CUR) capacity to decrease aluminium’s toxicity by forming stable complexes. Rhizomes that are sold in the local marketplaces have an 8.5% crude pigment content of CUR. At various pH levels, CUR's maximum absorbance was identified. Citric acid was used as a catalyst to create the CUR-Al+3 combination at various pH levels, which correspond to the rates at which Al+3 was eliminated from the solution. At pH 2.5

Streptomyces spp. is one of Actinomycete that produce variety of secondary metabolite (antibacterial, antifungal and anticancer product). Bacteria that used in this study was isolated from oily soil in Baghdad /Iraq. The morphological characters was gram positive, branching, spore former. The goal of this research was to find genetic polymorphisms of one bacterial isolate (assigned S1) and to assess the accurate phylogenetic distribution of this isolated based on ribosomal sequences. In this work one genomic region was amplified that covered a portion of the 16S rRNA sequences. According to the identified results, the currently investiga

This study was aimed to determine whether chromium (Cr III) supplements have a beneficial effect on the insulin secretion and lipid profile of layers vaccinated against H5 avian influenza (AI). The study included serological parameter by ELISA kit and biochemical parameter for lipid profile test as well as to compare between highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) recombinant (rH5N1) vaccine and classical (cH5N8) vaccine. The study was designed as follow: {G1: given rH5N1 vaccine only; G2: given cH5N8 only; G3: given rH5N1 with Cr III supplement; G4: given cH5N8 with Cr III supplement; G5: given Cr III supplement; G6: is negative control with no vaccination or supplementation}. Levels of insulin

This research was carried out at University of Baghdad - College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences during the fall season of 2020 and spring season of 2021 in order to evaluate the effect of organic fertilizer and the foliar application of boron on the growth and yield of industrial potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.). Using factorial experiment (5*4) within Randomized Complete Block Design  with three replicates, the organic fertilizer (palm fronds peat) was applied at four levels (0, 12, 24, and 36 ton ha^-1) in addition to the treatment of the recommended of chemical fertilizer. The foliar application of Boron was applied at four concentrations which were 0, 100, 150 and 200 mg (H₃Bo₃

This study was determine methamphetamine by the addition to the glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) monomer resulting from bulk polymerization formation. To acquire the highest adsorption capacity, molar ratios of the template, monomer, and cross-linking agent, as well as solvents and multiple monomers were investigated. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to analyze the Methamphetamine polymer. The elution of Methamphetamine had a small effect on the surfaces of the three-dimensional network structure. Methamphetamine was successfully eluted using a mixture of methanol and acetic acid. The Methamphetamine adsorption capacities were 3.8145 and 9.01773 mol/g (Qma

This study was aimed to investigate combining ability and genetic parameters in summer squash (cucurbita pepo L.). Eight inbred lines of summer squash were crossed in line x tester method in summer season 2020. The parental lines (3 tester and 5 lines) and their off springs (15 hybrids) were planted out in the summer season  2021 at vegetable field, Horticulture Department, College of Agricultural Engineering Science, Duhok University. The experiment lay out using randomized complete block design with three replications. The results indicated that the mean square for genotypes were highly significant effect for tester , line and line x tester in all studied traits. The Tester LBL2 and line PEP1670 were the best comb

The better approach to control the contamination of food by aflatoxin (AF), is identifying the fungal strains responsible for producing that toxin. To estimate the presence of aflatoxigenic fungi growth and AFs in pistachios, thirty two pistachios samples (8 fresh and 24 salt roasted) were collected from Sulaimani markets (Iraq).Rapid screening method for AFs production were utilized initially based on culture methods, the positive samples confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) that were applied using DNA extracted from the isolates of A. flavus targeting the genes (afR, aflP, aflD, and aflQ

This study was conducted to identify resistance sources in the Iraqi wheat cultivars using pathological and molecular approaches. Results revealed that forty-four reeleased wheat cultivars were divided into four groups according to their mean infection percentage to common bunt disease. Resistant group consists of wheat cultivars Farris 1, Ashur, Tamuz 3, AlMadian, AlBaraka, Latiffiya, and Rabia. The mean infection percentage of this group ranged from 0.28-3.98% and significantly was higher than

Beans (Vicia faba) contain some anti-nutritional compounds, especially vicine and convicine and their non-sugar derivatives, divicine and isouramil, which are responsible for the occurrence of Favism in people with hereditary deficiency of Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). These study objective was estimation of vicine and convicine content and their distribution in dry and green bean parts during the growth stages, and the effect of beta-glucosidase from defatted apricot seed powder and some home-based processing conditions on elimination of these compounds from the bean. The results showed that the content of vicine & convicine in bean ranged from 22.7 mg/100 g in the seedl

Several studies have shown that the presence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) may be a risk factor for Ischemic Heart Diseases (IHD). Therefore, it is needed to look into the relation between IHD and H. pylori infection. One hundred Iraqi patients with IHD and 60 healthy Iraqis as a control group participated in the current study. The ELISA assay was used for the measurement of the sera levels for anti- H. pylori IgG, IgM, and Interleukin-6 (IL-6). Also, H. pylori DNA in the human venous blood was investigated by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using 16S rDNA primers. Between IHD patients and the control group, H. pylori-IgG and IL-6 mean ± SD were (Patient =1.814±0.08

An experiment was conducted to evaluate different parts of the plant Capparis spinosa L. extracts for their phytochemical compounds by two different solvents (ethanol &hexane) . The current results showed the superiority of the ethanolic extracts by their quantity and quality of active compounds compared to the hexane extracts. The yield percentage of ethanolic Capparis spinosa L  extracts ranges between (3-31%), and color range between Dark brown, and olive with oily texture. Whereas, the yield of the hexane extract ranges between (1-27.9%) and

A field experiment was carried out at University of Baghdad, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences during fall season of 2020 and spring season of 2021. This study was aimed evaluate the effect of the organic fertilizer and boron foliar on the yield of potatoes for processing. The factorial experiment (5*4) within RCBD and three replicates. The organic fertilizer as palm peat at four levels (0, 12, 24 and 36 ton. ha^-1) in addition to the chemical fertilizer recommendation treatment. Boron at four Concentrations 0, 100, 150 and 200 mg. L^-1 . The results revealed significant different among application of organic fertilizer at the level of 24 ton. ha^-1 and the foliar application of boron at a

A field and storage experiments were carried out in order to evaluate the effect of the foliar application of Moringa leaves extract, calcium, and potassium silicate on the growth, yield, and quality characteristics of strawberry fruits. The field experiment with three replicates was included 27 treatments consisted of the foliar application of Moringa leaf extract at the concentrations of 0, 5, and 10% which were symbolized as M₀, M₁, and M₂ respectively, calcium at the concentrations of 0, 1, and 2 g. L^-1, which were symbolized as Ca₀, Ca₁, and Ca₂ respectively, and potassium silicate at the concentrations of 0, 1.25, and 2.50 ml. L^-1 that s

This study was conducted on the Salakhani pomegranate fruit, to study the impact of coating with (0.5 and 1) % flaxseed, (0.5 and 1)% black seed oil, and (0.5 and 1)% chitosan plus control treatment and with five storage periods. The fruits were harvested at full ripening stage on 2/11/2020 from a private orchard. The fruits were divided into groups according to the concentrations of flaxseed oil, black seed oil, and chitosan, as well as the control treatment and storage periods. Fruits were dried well after the coating process and placed in special boxes (carton boxes), the fruits were stored for five storage periods at a temperature of 5±1°C and with 85-90% relative humidity. The factorial experiment within the complete rando

Vegetation diversity patterns are necessary to identify species of plants in the Zawita mountains area, Duhok Governorate, Iraq, to investigate the influence of topographical elements (aspects - north and south, elevations and slope gradients) on diagnosis, density, frequency, and species richness and diversity of species in the Zawita forest understory vegetation. Sampling vegetation was surveyed at (1 * 1 m^-2), for 8 quadrats per each zigzag transect. The data were designed with a strip-strip block design, with four replicates for each transect. The results revealed significant differences in frequency, density, and Shannon index due to aspects, elevations, and slope gradient. While other measured traits, species ric

This study was aimed to investigat integrated system for in vitro growth of paulownia plants by assessing the efficacy of chlorine dioxide (ClO₂) as an alternative to autoclave in sterilizing culture medium. Therefore, this study was devised to compare autoclave sterilization at three different times (5, 10, and 15) minutes and three different concentrations of ClO₂ (0, 0.4, 0,8, 1) mg/L. The results showed that, compared with (0.4) mg/L concentration,  concentrations of (0.8 and 1) mg/L are more effective at sterilizing the culture medium. ClO₂ sterilization improved individual single node growth more than autoclave sterilization. Since ClO₂

The experiment was conducted using Potato( Solanum tuberosum L.) at the eastern Radwaniyah at private field during fall season 2020/2021 and spring 2021 to study the effect of nitrogen levels to 350, 275, 200 kg N h^-1 ( N₁, N₂, N₃) and phosphorous to 100, 180, 360 kg P₂O₅ h^-1 ( P₁, P₂, P₃) and potassium to 100, 200, 300 kg K₂O h^-1 ( K₁, K₂, K₃) to vegetative growth and yield of industrial potato, The seeds of the hybrid potato Sinora, Class A, were planted in the fall season on 15/9/2020 and Elite in the spri

This study was aimed to produce zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) using the supernatant of Weissella confusa UPM22MT04 and assess their effectiveness in inhibiting methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). An isolate of Weissella confusa UPM22MT04 was isolated from a wastewater treatment plant in Johor, Malaysia, and was utilized to synthesize ZnO-NPs. The synthesized ZnO-NPs were characterized through several techniques, including UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering. Monodisperse spherical ZnO-NPs of 1.7 - 7.9 nm were obtained with 0.1 M zinc nitrate at 80°C. Th

Indole mechanism as an interspecies signal particle to adjust various physiological actions, like virulence, antimicrobial and acid resistance. This study was aimed to use partial purified indole extracted from uropathogenic E. coli and study the cytotoxic effect on some cancer cell lines (A375, HepG2, PC3) and comparable with normal cell line (WRL- 68). Serial dilutions of natural and synthetic standard indole were tested (400, 200, 100, 50, 25, 12.5, and 6.25 μg/mL). The results show a low cytotoxic effect for both natural and synthetic indoles in HepG2 and A375 cell lines as well as this degree of cytotoxicity was obviously appeared in normal cell line WRL-68 with no significant differences among them. While, both in

This study was carried out at the Dept. Hortic. and Land.Gard., Coll. Agric. Eng.Sci., University of Baghdad during fall season of 2019-2020, in order to evaluate the effect of nutrient solution type under hydroponic system (NFT) on growth, yield and quality of broccoli Brassica oleracea var.italica. Two experiments were carried out which were the standard solution experiment (Cooper) and the alternative solution experiment (ABEER) prepared from fertilizers. Results revealed that  the type of solution used in the hydroponics system had non significant effect on the

This study was aimed to examine the anticancer activity of fabricated ZnONPs- L-ASNase conjugate against cancer and normal cell lines. Total of 127 bacterial isolates were taken from clinicalandenvironmentalsamples then identified as E.coli.In this work, 88 isolates were identified as E.coli.L-asparaginase produced from E.coli were screened¸clinical Isolates of E.coli from urine sample have the potential to produce asparaginase that is responsible for cytotoxicity¸the optimal culture conditions for the development of the enzyme L-asparaginase were determined to be 37ºC and pH8. Nitrogen sourceconcentrations at 0.9gm/ml were discovered to maximize enzyme production. L-asparag

This study was aimed to find a new, cheap available adsorbent for the removing of Pb from water, using shells of Mollusca (Pomacea canaliculanta). In order to estimate the efficiency of the new adsorbent in removing the heavy metal, batch experiments were achived. At the beginning the best contact time was determined which is equal to 2 hours. then the effect of the initial lead concentrations was studied which demonstrated a direct correlation between the removal efficiency of the adsorbent and the Pb concentration up to 93.98 percent at lead concentration of 60 ppm. After that the effect of adsorbent weight on the removal of the metal was examined which show that 0.75 gm give the best removal efficiency up to 79.08 of

This research was carried out to investigate the effect of chemically (using L-Cysteine) and enzymatically (by papain) modification on the functional properties of hard wheat gluten. The modification process is run by both methods individually and synergistically. The results showed an increase in the degree of hydrolysis (DH) of lyophilized wheat gluten upon adding the reducing agent at different concentrations (50, 100, 150, 200, 250 ppm). The values for (DH) were (5.29, 6.18, 6.22, 6.26, and 7.48%) respectively. While for papain (2000 units / g protein) those values were (10.25, 12.71, 13.54, 13.88, 15.62%) respectively when the reducing agent (same concentration above) and papain were used synergistically. The functional prop

This study was aimed to investigate active compounds in the aqueous extract of Ganoderma applanatum mycelium. The aqueous extract of fungus mycelium was prepared and some active compounds were detected, including phenols, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, glycosides and resins, all of which gave a positive detection. The effective compounds were diagnosed by GC-Mass Chromatography technique, was revealed that there are a number of compounds that can produce mycelium with ability to inhibit microorganisms, inhibit free radicals and prevent oxidation, as well as their effect in reducing cancerous tumors. As for the effective groups, they were diagnosed by FTIR technique.

The objective of this study, is characterization of partially purified beta-glucosidase (BGS) extracted from apricot defatted seeds powder. The enzyme was extracted using sodium phosphate solution (0.2M, pH 7) containing 2% sodium chloride with mixing ratio of (1:5 solid: liquid) for extraction period of 3 hours at 4C. The crude extract was precipitated by ammonium sulfate at 20-70% saturation, dialyzed then concentrated.  The specific activity of the enzyme, folds of purification and the enzymatic yield were 5.45 units/mg, 7.8 fold and 84.5%, respectively. The results showed that the optimum conditions for the enzyme activity were at pH 5.5 and 6.5, the optimum temperature for the enzyme’

The study area located at Erbil province, Kurdistan, Iraq, seven pedons were elected. Twenty-one soil samples were collected in the study area. Different physiochemical and fertility indices have been used to determine the soils development, despite of generating interpolated maps for them. The results indicated that the low values of clay were found in the less pedon developed and argillic horizon existed in development pedons. Study soils were non-saline, slightly to moderately alkaline, and had relatively high bulk density values. Organic matter is concentrated at the soil surface. Considerable total carbonates are found in studied soils and have irregular distribution manner, as well as have high CEC values. Low C/N ratio due