The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Eucalyptus Camaldulensis leaves powder (EUP) and oil (EUO) to alleviate cold stress and their effects on broiler performance, duodenum morphology and enzyme secretion, microbial counts, oxidative index expression levels of heat shock protein, vitamin E and TBARS (thiobarbi­turic acid-reactive substances) and meat sensory evaluation. Six hundred thirty-one day-old unsexed  chicks were randomly divided

 The aim of this experiment was to study effect of welding heat-input on microstructure and corrosion resistance of butt weld joint pipes in irrigation pipe used in South of Iraq. For this purpose, a single V-butt joint was carried out on low carbon steel pipes type (AISI 1005) welded in different parameters; welding current, welding voltage and heat input. The results are found, an increase of weld heat input lead to increase Widmanstatten ferrite (WF), acicular ferrite (AF) and polygonal ferrite (PF) phases in fusion zone (FZ) region.  Also  it is noted the Icorr of weld joint increases with increase of welding heat input, and subsequent increasing in corrosion rate, corrosion rate increased up to (0.0757µm/yr.)

This research was aimed shedding light on some indicators that reflect the ability of the society to achieve an adequate degree of food security from the wheat crop. The length of the two periods of production adequacy and coverage of imports for local consumption of wheat and the stability of these periods were estimated. The period of the annual change in the rate of self-sufficiency, the per capita share and the gap between the per capita share and the need for wheat in Iraq for the period 1990-2015was estimated. It was found that the rate of self-sufficiency of the wheat crop was 54%. The annual increase in the period of production adequacy for the domestic consumption of the wheat crop was estimated at 11.5 days, or about 5.

This research aims to study the economic evaluation of meat Broiler projects province of Diyala for 2017 by identifying the economic merit of the production projects of the meat broiler by applying some economic evaluation criteria using questionnaire form. Data were collected randomly from a sample of 40 meat Broiler breeders representing 20.41% of  total 196 poultry fields which established in Diyala Governorate. The sample was divided into three categories: the first category was 21 breeders, the second category was 15 breeders, the third category was 4 breeders, and the design capacity of each category (1-50) thousand Broiler, (51-100) thousand Broiler, more than 100 thousand Broiler respectively. The results showed that

A field experiment was carried out in loam soil at the research station of the College of Agriculture University of Baghdad, using randomized complete block design. The experiment included three local biofertilizers types (Bacillus megaterium, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Azotobacter chrococcum) and an imported biofertilizer (Nitrosoil) by Iraqi’s Ministry of Agriculture, beside, two levels of mineral fertilization (50% and 75%) of the mineral fertilizer recommendation with use of two types of carriers (corn cobs residue, broth liquid medium) in addition to the control treatments. Three replicates for each treatment were used on growth and yield of potato

The objective of this study was to evaluate the genotoxic effects of exposure to environmental agent's pollutants in many doses data. The experimental data (1.553, 2.190: 1.515, 1.516) respectively, suggest that the DNA damage parameters (Tail length, Tail width l) were found higher value in exposed population when compared with the ratio of the length to width that cells exhibiting no decampment when having a ratio of one. The percentage and distribution of cells in exposed population also Proportional in values. This study demonstrates that, utilizing sensitive techniques, it is possible to detect environmental agent's risks at an early stage.

A field experiment was conducted in Al-Furat village-Heet district-Al-Anbar governorate-Iraq, in fall season-2017 aimed to evaluate some calculating methods of sprinkler irrigation losses calculated according to each of catch, athelen, and electrical conductivity methods. The experiment included two factors, first; operational pressure (P) with three levels; 250(p₁), 300(p₂), and 350(p₃) kPa, while the second factor; sprayer arrangement (A) with two arrangements; rectangular (A₁) with a space (24*18) m and square (A₂) with a space (18*18) m. The results showed that the operational pressure 250 KPa with rectangular arrangement gave the highest percentage of sprinkler irrigatio

To investigate the correlation coefficients among the anatomical body structure and udder characteristics with each of body weight and milk production, 54 lactating Meriz does were randomly selected, kidded within 2 weeks in March, 2018. At weaning body weight as well as 6 body measurements and 8 udder and teat measurements were recorded. Also, Milk yield was recorded at weekly intervals till the does are dried-off. Results revealed moderate positive correlations between body measurements and milk production, while highest correlations were observed between udder measurements and milk production. Also, there was a strong positive correlation between body weight and body measurements. Four components were found me

The current protozoal study was intended to explore the presence and the evolutionary history of Theileria spp in ticks that infecte 150 out of 200 cows in Al-Diwaniyah City, Iraq. For these purposes, 10 ticks were collected from each cow, identified morphologically, and crushed for extract Theileria-based DNA from the tick tissues. The extracted DNA was examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique for molecularly identificationusing special primer of 18S rRNAgene. The PCR-targeted products of the 18S rRNA gene were subjected to sequencing for further confirmation of the diagnosis of the Theileria spp. The results revealed 2 distinct sequenced protozoa, SP1 and SP2. After performing database searching and comparing the c

A field experiment was carried out to study the role of humic acid in improving some growth characters of corn (Zea mays L.) under water stress conditions during fall of seasons 2016, 2017, by using randomized complete block  design within split plot arrangement and three replications. The study consisted of three levels of water stress, when depleting 50, 60 and 70% of available water which was equivalent to 580, 420 and 340 mm season^-1 respectively, and occupied the main plot, while the levels of humic acid 0, 40, 60 and 80 kg^-1 were in sub plots. The results showed no significant differences between the treatments of depletion 50% and 60% of the available water in number of days to tasseling

Afield experiment was conducted during in fall season 21 /7/2016 to screen  100 top crosses ,which is  represented   S3 generation, derived from  popcorn population AGR-2,  After one cycle of reciprocal recurrent selection (RRS). as The genotypes AGR-2 and Suror used  vtesters and evaluated with top crosses with control variexy. The experiment was carried out using 10x10 partial balance lattice design with two replications. Three statistical criteria for screening were used, First, standard error, the second duplicated standard error value and the third standard division value. All the values  statistical criteria were added to total mean. The results were  showed  a significant d

This study aim was  antioxidant production from local fungal isolate, Twenty six purified isolates of Aspergillus sp. were obtained by using different sources ( soil, Spoiled fruits, wheat, barley, maize and Spoiled bread). The isolates were examined for their aflatoxins production, Non-aflatoxins producing isolates were used as phenolic compounds producer. The highest phenolic compounds (45.3 µg/ml) was obtained from  Aspergillus sp.BP1 isolate. This isolate was identified by 5.8 rRNA gene sequecing as Aspergills niger (accuracy of 100%), which was matched with the sequence of Aspergills niger strain YMCHA 55 recorded in Gene bank under the ID:&nbsp

This study was conducted at quail's field of Agriculture Collage/University of Basrah for the period from 21/8/2016 to 21/10/2016 to examine the effect of adding date palm pollen to feed on some Physiological and reproductive traits of Japanese quail birds. The study was included (240) chicks one day old of brown quail. They were randomly distributed to five treatments each treatment contained 48 chicks with three replicates each one 16 chicks, the treatments as the following, first (T1), second (T2), third (T3), fourth (T4) and fifth (T5) in these treatments, were fed on a diet supplemented the date palm pollen amount (0, 250, 500, 750 and 1000

To determine the polymorphisms of Insulin gene INSg and its relationship with some productive traits such as rate of initial and weekly body weight, average weekly body gain, live body weight, carcass weight, dressing %, cuts weight and weight for abdominal fat on broiler  in both sexes for Ross 308  hybrid, 200 one – day old chicks, reared on closed system tagged and weighted initially and weekly for 35 days, polymorphisms for Insulin gene were determined by using MSPI restriction enzyme and PCR-RFLP technique. Results showed two genotypes were detected only for INSg differ highly significantly P<0.01 between them and on its effect on studied treats was differ sig

Two field experiments were conducted during the spring season 2020 in Karbala governorate, to study the effect of sprinkler and surface drip irrigation systems to determine water consumption of potatoes and irrigation intervals using polymers and bio-fertilizers in desert soils. The experiment included three factors: 1-Irrigation system surface drip T₁ and sprinkler T₂, 2- The Irrigation interval: every 2 days I₁, 4 days I₂ and 6 days I₃, 3- Addition of soil conditioners: control without any addition C, bio-organic fertilizers (seek) B, polymer (zeba) P, and polymer+ bio-organic fertilizers P+B. The experimen

This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of vitamin E (Alpha tocopherol acetate) supplementation and melatonin implants on growth performance, and meat quality traits of Awassi male lambs fed by a high and normal energy concentrated diet in Iraq. Lambs were divided equally to two main groups to be fed either high or normal energy diet ,and each of them divided in to five treatment, the first as a control (T1,T6),two level of melatonin (18, 36mg/lamb) were applied to (T2,T3,T7,T8) and two level of vitamin E (200,400mg/lamb/day) to (T4,T5,T9,T10).All animals were slaughtered at the end of the fattening period. Lambs received 400 g/day vitamin E with

This study was aimed to investigate the combined effect of flushing and hormonal treatment on reproductive aspects of local goats, 60 adult does were divided equally into two groups, the first was fed concentrate plus grazing commencing 3 weeks prior to mating and continue for 4 weeks post mating (flushed) F, whereas the 2nd group was raised on pasture only (P). All does were synchronized using impregnated with 40 mg medroxy acetate for 14 days. Following sponges withdrawn, the flushed and non- flushed does were then sub-divided in to four equal groups, the 1st flushed does were injected with 250 i.u hCG (T1), the 2nd only flushed (T2), the 3rd was only injected with hCG (T3) and the 4th was the control (T4). Res

This research was aimed to delay the staling of wheat bread as one of the most used products globally by adding barley pentosanes, which is neglected and not taken into consideration despite their unique and multiple functional properties and their optimum storage temperature. Water-soluble pentosanes (WSP) and water-insoluble pentosanes (WIP)was extracted from barley (Hordeum vulgare) and added to wheat flour at different percentages. Five treatments  were prepared: (T1) from flour only, (T2 and T3) adding WSP at levels  of (1 and 2%), (T4 and T5) adding WIP at the same levels respectively. All treatments were stored at (20, 4 and -18 °C), for 72 h. The results indicated that the addition of pentosans (WSP an

In this study, four types of basil seed extracts were used, being cold aqueous extract, hot aqueous extract, petroleum ether extract, and methanolic extract.Nine concentrations (10000, 5000, 2500, 1250, 625, 312.56, 156.25, 78.125, 39.0, 0.0) µg/ml were used to study the extracts cytotoxicity against two breast cancer cell lines MCF7 and AMJ13 beside REF cell line as normal cells. The methanol extract showed the highest inhibition rate of 64.4% on MCF7 cell line at concentration of 1250 µg/ml and 42.4% on AMJ13 cell line at a concentration  of 39.0 µg/ml with significant difference as compared to  control  sample during the 72hr exposure period. While the petroleum ether extract showed a lower inhibition rate of

Digestive enzyme activities of Yellow Rasbora (Rasbora lateristriata) had been reported, but only focused on a daily feeding strategy. The effect of starvation and refeeding on the growth, body composition, and digestive enzyme activities in Yellow Rasbora has never been reported. This study aimed to know the most efficient feeding strategy for growth, body composition, and digestive enzyme activities of Yellow Rasbora. The experiment was conducted in 20 aquariums using two months old fingerling. Four different feeding strategies were tested; twice feeding a day, one-day starvation and six days refeeding, two days starvation and five days refeeding, and four days starvation and ten days refeeding. The result showed that

This article investigates the ability of two types of mealybugs, citrus (Planococcus citri) and longtailed (Pseudococcus longispinus) mealybugs, of acquiring and transmitting Grapevine vein-clearing virus (GVCV) in a greenhouse setting. Mealybugs are the primary vectors for most Badnaviruses, and only a few species have been shown to be aphid-transmitted. In this study, we tested the acquisition and transmission ability of two mealybug species using GVCV-infected and healthy grapevines in a greenhouse setting for three consecutive seasons. This study determined that acquisition time by the mealybugs could be as low as three days, yet the transmission of GVCV from infected grapevines to healthy grapevine

This study was aimed to determine the best nutrient balance for chickpeas from the relationship between the Norms of nutrients with the critical point for each nutrient using the DRIS system. This experiment was carried out at the Grdarasha farm, college of Agriculture Engineering Science, University of Salahaddin during the spring growing season of 2020, to find out the effects of three levels of nitrogen (UREA) (0, 15, 30 Kg N ha^-1), four levels of triple super phosphate (0, 20, 40, 60 Kg P ha^-1), and three levels of KCl fertilizer (0, 15, 30 Kg K ha^-1) and their combination on Chickpea yield and nutrient balance by using Split Split plot design with three replicates. The highes

This research aimed to illustrate the significant role of modern technology packages in agriculture, in particular in the growth of wheat cultivation. In this research will attempt to use O-Ring method. The purpose our using of this method is to prove that the modern technological packages used in agriculture, wheat cropping combined have a significant impact on increasing the productivity of the wheat crop in Iraq. A sample is taking from 290 farms, by divided into three governorates Namely Wasit, Babil and Diwaniyah. The packaging used to grow wheat was micronutrients, seeds, fertilizers, laser-level potassium sulphate, seeds, potassium sulphate fertilizers, Pallas herbicide, Atlantis herbicide and the farming

This study was aimed to convert agricultural waste to organic fertilizer and find the best combinations from agricultural waste, that were used in the research, Composting has always shown to be a reliable and ecologically beneficial technique for removing large amounts of bio-waste. Bio-waste is produced in a variety of sorts (forest residue, farms, agricultural, food industry, and municipal garbage) and is expanding on a daily basis, offering a management and disposal challenge.  Millions of tons of cereal vegetable crops, industrial crops, dates and fruits, are produces in Iraq, there are about 20 million tons per year of agriculture waste materials in Iraq, according to

A field experiment was conducted in the experimental field of the Crop Sciences Department at the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad during fall seasons of 2021 and 2022. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of nano and metallic boron foliar nutrition on yield, components, water use efficiency, and water consumption under water stress for sweet corn (Zea mays L.). Randomized Complete Block Design was used within split -plot arrangement with three replicates, where the main plots included three levels of water stress (irrigation at 40, 60, and 80% of available water) coded as W₁, W₂, and W₃, respectively. The nano and metallic boron spray conc

Levofloxacin (LEV) is an important and widely used antibiotic. It is used to treat many bacterial infections. It may be found in water sources as a result of incomplete metabolism in humans and other sources. In this study, the adsorption of Levofloxacin by raw rice husk (RRH) was investigated. The effect of pH, time, temperature, RRH weight, and initial Levofloxacin concentration on the adsorption process were determined. Kinetic, isotherm and thermodynamic models were studied to explain the Levofloxacin adsorption mechanism on raw rice husk. The results of adsorption kinetics and isotherms revealed that the adsorption of LEV by RRH was better fitted with the Intraparticle model with coefficient of determination (R²=9

The experiments were carried out at the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad during the fall season of 2021-2020 to study the effect of foliar application of ascorbic acid (0, 25, 50, 75 mg. L^-1) which were symbolized as A₀, A₁, A₂, and A₃, and chelated calcium (0, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 g. L^-1) which were symbolized as Ca₀, Ca₁, Ca₂, and Ca₃ on the growth, yield and marketability of broccoli. A factorial experiment was carried out within the RCBD design, in a total of 16 treatments with three replicates. The main flowering heads were kept at temperatures 6-8° C for 20 days and 18-25° C for 4 days

This study was aimed to investigate the potential adsorptive behavior of mixed algae for decolorization of methylene blue dye from aqueous solution in the form of free and immobilized. Effects of initial pH value (3-9), biosorbent dosage (0.02-0.5)g/L, and initial concentration (10-50) mg/L for different contact time (0-180) min at 200 rpm shaking speed were investigated. In addition, experimental data were analyzed using adsorption (Langmuir and Freundlich) isotherms as well as kinetic models. The results demonstrated that the maximum decolorization percentage was 93% and 91% by free and immobilized algae, respectively for pH 6, 10 initial concentration, 0.3g/10

This research aimed to measure and analyze the impact of exchange rate shocks on some variables of the Iraqi economy during (1990-2022), because of the different effects of these shocks on the macroeconomic variables represented in money supply and agricultural output. Exchange rates are related to the policy chosen by the Central Bank of Iraq in managing the foreign exchange market and in the rentier nature of the Iraqi economy. The research uses a quantitative method in estimating the levels of the impact of exchange rate shocks on some economic variables. Several methods are conducted to achieve the goals, including the VAR model, variance decomposition and Impulse Response Functions. The results showed that e

This study was  investigated the P transformation in three soils gathered from different locations (Agricultural researches center in Tel Afar, Ain-Talawi and Sinu in Singar) in north of Iraq representing different gypsum content and land use [wheat (W), vegetable (V), uncultivated (Un)] after incubation period of (0, 5, 10, 30, 60, and 90) days. The soils were treated with 200 mg P kg^-1 as superphosphate (S) or 30 g kg^-1 soil manure as a cattle manure (A) or compost (p). The appropriate amounts of water were added to bring soil to estimated field capacity. After the specified time of each incubation period, sub-sample of soil analyzed