This study was aimed to investigate the extent the land to productive due to the fact that climatic changes and the increase in population growth are reasons that led to an increase in the demand for food, especially in developing countries. Therefore, a scientific way must assess the suitability of lands for growing crops. This research aims to provide an integrated approach to the process of analyzing the suitability of agricultural lands for crop growth. Rice in the Al-Mishkhab region of Al-Najaf Governorate using the analytical hierarchy model AHP and compared with the method of (Sys, 1993) and the actual production in the field, 12 soil parameters were determined (electrical conductivity, soil interaction, cation exchange ca

This study aimed to obtain phytoremediator that have better effectiveness to accumulating mercury so as to reduce mercury content in grains, research was conducted on mercury-contaminated rice fields. The study was conducted withim randomized block design with 3 replications.  First factors are varieties namely Ciherang, IR-64, Siganteng (local variety), and Inpari-32, the second are the type of phytoremediator, namely: Kiambang, Eceng Gondok and Jerango and  third factor are population of phytoremediator, namely: without phytoremediator, 5, 10 and 15 plants per plot. The plot size used was 1 metre x 2 meters with 20 rice plants per plot.  The results showed that there was a decrease in mercury content in rice grai

The current study aimed to estimate the chemical composition and detect bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols and flavonoids, in the aqueous and alcoholic extracts of olive leaves. The study involved collecting olive leaves from areas in Al Za'franiya, Baghdad, Iraq. According to the chemical composition, olive leaves have a good protein content (9.89%), which may play a major role in alleviating global malnutrition. The results revealed that the leaves contain high total Ash (22.20%), carbohydrates (55.66%), energy (273.52 kcal/100g), and low total fat content (1.28%). Ethanol extract 70% contained the highest concentration of oleuropein (298.0 mg/L),

RNAi gene silencing was performed by utilizing pectate lyase, an enzyme capable of degrading pectin, in conjunction with subsequent pectin (organic waste) and organic calcium treatment, allowing for prolonged retention of tomatoes on the plant without compromising quality traits. The study was conducted at two locations using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) and consisted of nine treatments. Results showed that SlPL-RNAi plants had the most fruit firmness and Mesocarp thickness; with values of 13.1 kg/cm² and 167.5 µm, respectively, followed by the CaP1P2 treatment (8.56 kg/cm² and 117.0 µm).  SlPL-RNAi fruits also showed higher calcium and pectin contents and lower polygalacturonase (PG) activity

This study was conducted during the spring season of 2023-2024 and the fall season of 2024-2025 at the fields of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, to investigate effects of irrigation intervals I_{1 ,}I₂ (3 and 6 days) , soil amendment with zeolite at three concentrations Z₀ ,Z₁,Z₂ (0, 4, and 8 g. kg soil⁻¹), and foliar spraying with kaolin for three concentrations C_0,C₁,C₂ (0, 0.5, and 1 g .L⁻¹). The results revealed that the treatment I₁Z₂C₂ ​ significantly excelled in leaf area, chlorophyll concent

This study aimed to investigate the stimulation of the formation of phenolic compounds in callus cultures of Origanum vulgare using nanomaterials. Different combinations of plant growth regulators (NAA, BAP, and TDZ) were applied to form the calli from leaf explants. The optimal effect was achieved with a combination of 1 mg/L NAA and 0.5 mg/L BAP, which resulted in an initiation rate of 100% along with significant increase in both fresh and dry weight. The addition of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂-NPs) at different concentrations (1, 2, and 3 mg/L) to the culture medium led to a substantial decrease in the fresh and dry weight of calluses with a significant increase in the

This study aimed to evaluate the nematicidal effect of three local Bacillus thuringiensis isolates in controlling the root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne spp. under laboratory and shade house conditions. We amplified 16S rRNA and performed polymerase chain reaction on the isolates to confirm them as B. thuringiensis. PCR was carried out with a universal primer for the 16S rRNA amplification for confirmation, where all three isolates yielded the predicted amplicon. The isolates were identified as B. thuringiensis and documented using sequencing based on their 16S rRNA genes. Sequencing results were deposited at NCBI. The laboratory experiments revealed that Sa.Sa.Kh.3 isolate outperformed the other two isola

The experiment was carried out in the season 2021-2022 at College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences / University of Baghdad, For testing the potential for the plant growth-promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) in controlling the Rhizoctonia solani fungus that causes black scurf disease in potatoes. All fungal isolates obtained a very good efficacy in the reduction seed germination percentage (0, 6.7, 15.6 and 17.7%, respectively) in comparison with control (97.7%). The results showed that the Rs1 and Rs4 fungi isolates are the most pathogenic as it recorded 5 and 4.2 respectively. Bl.4 bacterial isolate recorded the highest inhibitory ability of fungus growth (47.6%) with significant differences compared with Bl.5 and Bl.3, while

The aim of this study was to identify and differentiate between Fasciola gigamtica and Fasciola hepatica infections in buffaloes, through the application of PCR technique. Also, includes investigate the characteristics of phylogenetic analysis for Fasciola gigantica based on partial mitochondrial DNA. The application of polymerase chain reaction technique (PCR) in molecular diagnosis was exhibited high levels of specificity and sensitivity in identifying both species of Fasciola depend on two different genes NADH 6 for F. hepatica and NADH 4 for F. gigantica. Moreover the percentage of infection by F. hepatica and F. giga

This  study was aimed  to investigate the effect of kaolin on growth and clinical signs in Cyprinus carpio exposed to copper sulphate. For this rationale, six treatment groups with two replicates were used in this experiment as follows: C- served as control negative group without exposed to kaolin or CuSO₄; C+ served as control positive group was exposed to 0.91mg/l CuSO₄   only; T1, T2, T3 and T4 were subjected to 0.91mg/l of CuSO₄ and kaolin was added to them at levels of 2, 4, 6 and 8 g/l respectively. Result findings reveal a positive relationship of the mean total weight gain amon

This study was aimed to investigate the immune response of the vaccinated chickens through avian influenza virus antibody (AIV-Ab) titers as well as evaluate liver function. The study measure of immunological parameters, namely the hemaglutinine inhibition test (HI) and a biochemical parameter called the liver function test, as well as a comparison between the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) recombinant (rH5N1) vaccine and the classical (cH5N8) vaccine. The study was designed as follows: {G1: given rH5N1 vaccine only; G2: given cH5N8 only; G3: given rH5N1 with Cr III supplement; G4: given cH5N8 with Cr III supplement; G5: given Cr III supplement; G6: negative control with no vaccination or supplementation}. The titer of

This study aimed to investigate the impact of increased water flow and two different air speeds on water consumption and cooling performance in modify air coolers. An experiment was conducted using an air cooler with an additional water pump to facilitate increased water flow. One Way ANOVA with regression and Tukey was used. Findings revealed that practical water consumption significantly surpassed theoretical estimates, primarily due to heightened resistance encountered by water as it traversed the cooling pads. Notably, the implementation of two water pumps improved cooling, effectively lowering room temperature by7-10 °C (Δt of 9.4°C); however, this enhanc

This study aimed to investigate the specific adsorption of heroin made from morphine that extracted opium. Using acrylamide and n-iso propyiacrylamide as the functional monomers, n,n′-methylenebisacrylamide as the crosslinker, and benzoyl peroxide as the initiator. At bulk heroin concentrations of 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 ppm in ethanol solution, this MIP's maximum heroin adsorption capacity of 3.87 mg/g at used 0.2 gm acrylamide as monomer which was among the best capacities documented in the literature to date. The adsorption capacity, selectivity separation, reusability, and chemical stabilities of the molecularly imprinted polymers were confirmed by thermodynamic analysis, experimental characterization, adsorption investigat

This study aimed to prepare and characterize  a gas sensor based on porous silicon embedded with CdS using the laser-assisted chemical bath deposition method. The structural and optical properties of CdS thin film prepared at deposition time of 30  min were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and  UV-Vis spectrophotometer.  The (XRD) results showed that the deposited CdS film was crystalline and the crystallinity of the film improved after using laser during deposition of the film.  The value of optical energy gap  of the CdS film deposited without and with laser irradiation were found to be  2.5 eV

This study aimed to observe the effect of oxygen levels during the carotenoid degradation process to produce β-ionone, several parameters have been pointed, including carotenoid levels in CPO before and after the degradation process using a spectrophotometer, the color of the CPO solution before and after degradation using the color flex hunter lab and the β-ionone levels resulting from the degradation of Carotenoids by gas chromatography using a mass spectrometry detector. As the result, it can be stated that the presence of oxygen has influenced the degradation of carotenoids in CPO. The greater the amount of oxygen, the more carotenoids are degraded. The most excellent degradation process was found to be 80%. However, β-ion

Management of date palm is laborious andcostly, thus this work intended to study the two types of frond cutting saws (reciprocating saw andvibrating saw) investigated on three cutting parameters (noise intensity result from frond cutting, surface regularity or flatness of the cut region, andsome mechanical characteristics of the cutting process including longitudinal andradial compressive strength andstress measurement) applied on field grown five date palm varieties (Barhi, Bream, Khestawi, Tebarzal andZahdi).  Nested r&omized complete block design was implemented which included five date palm varieties as the main plot andthe type of saw as a sub-plot. Results indicate

Thi study aimed to assess the physiological effect of foliar silicon on the yield and its components of Bohouth 22cultivar bread wheat under conditions of moisture depletion. A field experiment was conducted at the Research Station E, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad (Al-Jadriyah), during the 2022-2023 and 2023-2024 winter seasons. The nested design with three replicates was used to study three levels of moisture depletion (40%, 60%, and 80%) and four silicon concentrations (0, 150, 200, and 250 mg L^-1).The results showed significant effects of depletion levels and silicon concentrati

This research was aimed to study the results of the application of agricultural legislation and the variables affecting compliance with such legislation, as well as knowing the role of agricultural legislation in supporting the agricultural policy steps in Iraq. The results showed that the variable of providing loans increases the probability of farmers’ commitment to the governmental agricultural plan to a large extent, amounting to about (28.7), and the variable of the sale price of the crop to the state has an impact on the probability of commitment to the plan at a degree of (1.02) greater than the chances of non-compliance with the agricultural plan, as well as the variable value of the returns achieved under The existence

This study was aimed to identify the obstacles that facing cereal farmers that applying the agricultural practices to decrease the effects of climate variation phenomenon in the central region of Iraq. This research was conducted on cereal farmers at Baghdad, Najaf, Babil, and Wasit which were the most cultivated governorates of cereal crops (wheat, rice, and yellow corn). A randomized sample of (227) farmers was taken, that represents 0.25% of the total cereal farmers in the four governorates (90,584 farmers). In order to achieve the research goal, a questionnaire was prepared to collect data related to the research topic, for which a four-way scale was designed (33) paragraphs, and this field included three axe

Anise (Pimpinella anisum) is an annual herbaceous flowering plant, its widely used as spices, flavoring agent and fragrance. Anise seeds and its essential oils (EOs) has been used widely in the recipes of folk medicine in the Arab region, including Iraq. Therefore, the goal of this work was to extract and define the chemical compositions of aniseeds EOs, and study its antioxidant, antibacterial, and antibiofilm potentials. Aniseed EOs were extracted by hydro-distillation technique using Clevenger apparatus. Twenty-five distinct compounds have been recognized by Gas chromatographic–Mass spectral (GC-Mas) analysis, the major constituents were anisole (87

This study was aimed to investigate the antiproliferative effect of lemongrass essential oil (LEO) from Cymbopogon citratus on A549 cell line and their effect on the expression of p53 gene in lung cancer cells. The LEO was extracted and anlaysed using GC-MS analysis, the cytotoxicity of LEO against lung cancer cells was examined using MMT assay and finally the expression of p53 was determined via qRT-PCR. The chromatogram of GC-MS exhibited 14 compounds in ELO, the major one is citral (56.4%). The cytotoxicity of LEO was dose dependent which proliferation of the lung cells were significantly inhibited with increased concentration of essential oil (P≤ 0.01) as well as the IC50 was 29.13 ppm. Furthermore

This study was aimed to investigate,growth,yield and phytosterol of squash (Cucurbita pepo L. , medical pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo subsp.) and thier hybrids.The study included crossing among 15 pure lines of squash and medical pumpkin . pepo var. styriaca during fall season 2013 at  greenhouse during spring 2014 the genotypes of the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Gardening, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad. The genotypes (medical pumpkin ST + 9 parents of squash, crosses with medical pumpkin + 11 specific hybrid) were planted at the open field. The layout of the experiment was completely randomized block design. The results showed significant differences among genotypes in the s

The objective of this study was to investigate the polymorphisms of three loci (SEMA3E, GH and TLX) that related with growth traits in local quail. A total of 720 birds (males and females) from three lines (desert, brown and white) were used. The results revealed that the effects of the line were significant on bird body weight and carcass weight and dressing percentage at 180 days at age. The Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (BLUP) value overall birds for body weight was ranged from -9.2173 to 10.0117, these results showed there were significant differences among high and low BLUP value groups in three quail lines under study. The PCR-RF

This study was performed to determine whether active optical sensors could develop an algorithm for N recommendation for the potato crop (Solanum tuberosum L.). The experiment was conducted in Maine State, (USA) during the growing season of 2018-2019. Six N rates (0-280 kg ha^-1) were applied on eleven locations under a randomized complete block design (RCBD), with four replications. Data of normalized difference vegetation index-(NDVI) were collected via active sensors, GreenSeeker-(GS), and Crop Circle-(CC). Sensors measurements collected at the 20^th of the leaf stage were significantly associated with tuber yield, where the exponential model exhibited a b

This study was included 155 records of Awassi ewes and 199 records of lambs born during two seasons (2011-2012), belonging to the College of Agriculture and Forestry, Mosul University. The effect of year was highly significant on all traits except for weight gain from weaning to 180 days (GW180d). Age of dam was significantly affected daily milk yield (DMY), birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW) and gain from birth to weaning (GBW). Type of birth had significant  effect on DMY, BW,WW and weight at 180 days. The effect of lamb sex on WW, GBW was significant. Significant correlations coefficient were observed between DMY and total milk yield (TMY), months weight of lambs, GBW and GB180d being ranged from 0.46 to 0.99 and -0.4

The aim of this research is production of disinfection (Dettol) contains herbal formula and study the efficacy of it for inhibition of pathogenic bacteria as and comparing with traditional Dettol efficacy. In this research, a herbal disinfectant and antiseptic was prepared similarly to the industrial Dettol and in terms of composition, except for the active substance (chloroxylenol), which was replaced by a plant extract (thyme) and active compound (thymol) separately. total of 50 samples hand swabs were collected randomly from children and housewives and student at university of Baghdad. The following species were isolated from swabs and identified by microscopic morphology, morphological features on culture media, and Vital Ind

This study was aimed to investigate the potential adsorptive behavior of mixed algae for decolorization of methylene blue dye from aqueous solution in the form of free and immobilized. Effects of initial pH value (3-9), biosorbent dosage (0.02-0.5)g/L, and initial concentration (10-50) mg/L for different contact time (0-180) min at 200 rpm shaking speed were investigated. In addition, experimental data were analyzed using adsorption (Langmuir and Freundlich) isotherms as well as kinetic models. The results demonstrated that the maximum decolorization percentage was 93% and 91% by free and immobilized algae, respectively for pH 6, 10 initial concentration, 0.3g/10

The present study was aimed to administering hyperimmunized avian salmonella-immune lymphokines (S-ILK) to 200 one-day-old layer pullets to improve the immunological response against Gumboro (IBDV) divided into four groups. On the first day, the following was applied to all groups: G1: intraperitoneal injection of 0.50 mL S-ILK followed by a 30-minute challenge with 0.1 mL IBDV (ELD₅₀ 10^3.2); G2: intraperitoneal injection of 0.5 mL of S-NILK followed by a 30-minute challenge by 0.1 mL IBDV. G3: challenged with 0.1 mL of IBDV only, G4: uninfected, unchallenged group consider as a negative control. The results of the findings indicated the greatest a statistically significant rise (p≤ 0.05) in IgG and IFN-γ

This study was aimed of determining the relationship of polymorphism of the growth hormone receptor gene with some of growth traits (daily growth rate, relative and specific growth, ratio and efficiency of feed conversion) in 45 samples of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). The following are the most important results obtained: The results of DNA sequencing and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) showed there are of three mutations in the following sites C24074T, A24375G and G24485A. No genetic makeup was significantly associated with the studied growth characteristics. It is concluded from this study that there is no significant effect of the difference in the genotypes of the growth hormone receptor gene

The present study was performed to assess the seasonal changes in the water quality of Diyala River (Diyala Governorate, Iraq), from five sites along the river during the period from September 2020 to April 2021, by applying the Overall Index of Pollution (OIP). OIP is one of the reliable indicators in evaluating the quality of surface water. To calculate the value of the OIP, twelve parameters were measured in the water samples, which are (water temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, total dissolved solids, total alkalinity, and concentrations of dissolved nitrates and phosphates). The results showed spatial and temporal variation of physicochemic