Observations on the biology of Dolycoris baccarum (Linnaeus)were made under  room temperature conditions (26 ± 2°C; 35 ± 10% Relative Humidity) feeding stages were fed on wheat leaves and shelled Sunflower seeds. Light and dark morphs were observed for second, third, fourth and fifth instars; short fine hairs on dorsal head, thorax and abdominal of fourth and fifth instars observed; fifth instars have black and white banded antennae. The mean periods of pre-oviposition, oviposition and post-oviposition were 7.8, 33 and 2.5 days, respectively; the averages of female and male longevity were 43.3 and 36

This research was conducted during the growing season 2015 - 2016 to investigate the response of 2 year's old transplants of “Othmani” pear cultivar budded on Calleryana root stock to foliar application with licorice root extract at four levels 0 (Li₀), 2.5 g.L^-1 (Li_2.5), 5 g.L^-1  (Li₅) and 10 g.L^-1 (Li₁₀) and garlic extract at four levels, 0 (GA₀), 5ml.L^-1 (GA₅), 10ml.L^-1 (GA₁₀) and 20ml.L^-1 (GA₂₀) and their interaction in leaves mineral and hormonal c

There is no doubt that improving of economic performance of farms by using various factors of production available increases the participation rate of the agricultural sector in the GDP. The challenges those facing activity of beekeeping led to the departure of production units of this activity to achieve optimal productivity, which is employing economic resources used, and the level of economic and technical efficiency of these resources, so analyze the production economies and determine the level of technical efficiency are contribute a lot about the extent of the contribution of economic resources used in production and diagnose bugs and shortcomings down to put processors to ensure achieving the optimal use. The study aimed t

This expereament was carried out in plant tissue culture laboratory of the Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Duhok, Iraq, during 2014, using two types of explants (Shoot tips and nod segments) in the establishment stage. The highest percentage of shoot /explant (100%) was obtained from Stockton Morello rootstock on both media, while 96.88% was recorded with WPM (Woody plant medium) from nodal segment in F12/1 Mazzard and (87.5%) was observed from shoot tip in Mohaleb. While the highest shoot number with three rootstocks (24.50, 24.38 and 22.25 shoot /explant) with Stockton Morello, F12/1 Mazzard and Mahaleb respectively, were recorded from nodal segment with WPM. While the lowest numb

This study was conducted at the Badi Hatchery and poultry house / department of animal production / College of Agriculture engineering science/ University of Duhok. The aim of study was to investigate the effect of different administration methods of vitamin AD3E to hatching eggs on hatchability and post hatch productive performance and some physiological parameter of broiler. A total of one thousand and two hundred fifty (1250) hatched eggs were distributed into five groups each groups 250 eggs. The experimental treatments were as the follow: T1 (Control), T2 (sham control)(injected with 0.1 ml normal saline), T3 (injected with 0.1 ml of vitamin AD3E dissolved in 5 ml of vitamin in 1 ml of water) T4 (Spraying vitamin AD3E 1 ml /

Listeria monocytogenes is a pathogen that causes infectious diseases in animals. It is one of the causal agents causing abortion in infected cows. This study was conducted to detect listeria monocytogenes in aborted cows. Also to estimate the role of the milk in the distribution of the pathogen by detecting the bacteria in milk of aborted cows as well as in raw milk from the market of Salahudeen province. The study includes 46 aborted cows from which 46 milk samples were taken to detect the causative agents. Also 38 vaginal swabs were taken from the same aborted cows and 8 samples from fetuses. 30 raw milk samples were also taken from market at Salahudeen province. The results s

This study was aimed to investigate weeds kind in palm plantations. Date palm is the most chief economic crop in most countries of the Arabian Peninsula. Many factors, such as the presence of weeds, may cause a huge loss in the production of dates. Despite the severe damage caused by the presence of some weeds in agroecosystems, many weeds have many medicinal and economic uses. A total of 62 species were listed in palm Plantations in Tabuk and Al-Qassim Regions. A total of 51 species were listed in Tabuk Region (The number of unique species in the Tabuk Region reached 32 that not recorded in Al-Qassim Region. Also, 19 species were recorded in both of Tabuk and Al-Qassim Regions). A total of 30 weeds were listed i

The main objective of this study is to compute margin of safety of hiring decision of agricultural machinery services in Iraq. A cost-volume-profit analysis by using breakeven point technique has been followed to find out the margin of safety by using cross- section data in rice production farms in Alnajaf province. Results showed that the break-even point for different types of original agricultural field machinery were 427, 6.5, and 221 hours for tractor and machinery of soil preparation, farm sprayer, and combine harvester, respectively, while the values of break-even point for different types of used agricultural field machinery were 309, 10, and 319 hours for tractor, farm sprayer, and combine harvester, in that order. Resul

An efficient protocol for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of tomato cultivars Sandra and Rocky was conducted to examine the possibility of producing transgenic tomato plants cultivars harbouring the nptII gene, conferring kanamycin resistance. To achieve this aim, tomato cotyledon explants were transformed using EHA105 Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain harboring the binary vectors pBI121 which contains Gus gene, and neomycin phosphotransferase II (nptII) as selectable marker gene under the control of a CaMV35S promoter and nopaline synthase (nos) Terminator. Transformant detection was carried out in three distinct ways. First antibiotic selection, Kanamyc

During the filed survey of   140-160 kilometers region and on both sides of the highway west of Ramadi city in the western desert district of Iraq, and in late spring of 2019, confirmed the recorded of the Ogastemma genus for the first time in Iraq, which was characterized by being a monotypic genus belonging to Boraginaceae family and represented by Ogastemma pusillum. After the identification of the species, which was based on the Flora of the neighboring countries, the species was studied taxonomically. The study worked on describing and photographing all the vegetative and floral parts, anatomy of stem, stomatal complex in leaves, and pollen grains. The plant specimens were preserved under the numb

The study area was chosen in the district of the western Jadwal in Karbala governorate - Iraq, which is located between E44^o05'10'' to  E44^o13'03'' and  N32^o38'30'' to N32^o27'40'', as 100 locations were identified for the depth of 0-30 cm by auger hole  sampling method samples were obtained from each site, and kept laboratory measurements. The results of the study showed that the dominant soil texture is medium clay and silt are the predominant separates in the soil. As for the salinity of the soil represented by electrical conductivity, it was low of the dissolution the salts and the land use for cultivation besides the presence of a drainage network a percentage of the

  The  objectives of the research are to determine the optimal allocation of resources available to the general company for food products using a linear programming(LP) technique to obtain high levels of production and high levels of profits by maximizing the value of the objective function and increasing the profitability of the company, and conducting a sensitivity analysis to see the extent of changes in the optimum commodity composition in terms of quality and quantity with the level of profits in a manner commensurate with the requirements of growth in the company , the study based on the  use of (LP)technique to determine the optimum production plan with the highest net income  for the p

The demand for livestock products (dairy, meat, eggs) is characterized by a continuous increase in its basic importance as well as being essential in the prevailing food pattern domestically. The livestock sector suffers from a problem of poor funding and the investor’s inability to compete for several reasons, the most important of which is the high interest on loans granted by institutions. Borrowing, and since the project needs large capital, it will make the investor a loser without any doubt. The demand for livestock products is characterized by a continuous increase in its basic importance and its entry as a major component of the prevailing food pattern locally. With the exception of the governorates of Nineveh and Salah

Cladophora and Spirulina algae biomass have been used for the removal of Tetracycline (TC) antibiotic from aqueous solution. Different operation conditions were varied in batch process, such as initial antibiotic concentration, different biomass dosage and type, contact time, agitation speed, and initial pH. The result showed that the maximum removal efficiencies by using 1.25 g/100 ml Cladophora and 0.5 g/100 ml Spirulina algae biomass were 95% and 94% respectively. At the optimum experimental condition of temperature 25°C, initial TC concentration 50 mg/l, contact time 2.5hr, agitation speed 200 rpm and pH 6.5. The characteriz

This research of aims to study environment sensitivity of desertification and land degradation using MEDULAS project and remote sensing in AL-Shirqat City/Salahadin/Iraq. A 10 soil pedons were chosen from study area depending on difference in soil preperties, landuse and causes of desertification and degradation as (Salinity, Erosion, Gypsum and vegetation cover). Soil profile description, soil samples and GPS were conducted. The physical (texture) and chemical (CaCO₃, CaSO₄.2H₂O, O.M, EC and pH) properties were determined. The Soil were classified as Torrifluvents in the (P₁, P₂, P₃), Torripsamments in the (P₅ and P₇), Calcigypsids in the (P<

Data of the current stud, were collected on 32 Iraqi native sheep aged 2-5 years maintained on commercial flock. At lambing, the 32 ewes were divided into two equal groups, lambs in the 1^st group were left with their dams till weaning and then were milked twice daily till they dry off (Continuous), whereas the 2^nd group, lambs were separated at night for 12 hr. and the ewes were milked once daily at morning (Restricted). Then each main group was subdivided into two group to be weaned their lambs when they reached 3 or 4 times of their birth weight (WB1 and WB2). Results revealed that ewes of restricted suckling produced significantly (P < 0.05) more post weaning (80.80 vs.49.44 L), total milk yield (135.0

Clebopride (CBD) selective molecularly imprinted polymers(MIPs) were based on ion-pair by prepared four polymers(MIPs) using CBD as the template a well as (Acryl amide) (AAM), 2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane sulphonic Acid (2-AAMMPSA as monomer, used N,N-ethylenebismethacrylamide (EBMAA) ,ethylene glycol dimethacrylate ethylene glycol(EGDMAC), N, N-methylene bisacrylamide (NNMBAAM)) as cross linker and used benzoyl peroxide as initiator . NIPs prepared by using the same composition of MIPs except the template (CBD). The MIPs were prepared using variation  ratio of monomer and cross linker .These MIPs applicate as solid phase extraction for determination CBD in pharmaceutical preparation used UV as detector .the results gave

This study was conducted to investigate the potential therapeutic of flumazenil and neostigmine in single and combination in Balb-C mice subjected to ivermectin acute oral toxicity. Ivermectin-poisoning dose was considered the half dose of LD₅₀ that computed in current study as 20.9 mg/kg BW. A total of 24 male Blub-C mice were divided randomly into four equal treatment groups and administered ivermectin-poisoning dose (10 mg/kg BW) and treated as follows: control group (C), treated orally with distilled water; neostigmine-treated group (NT), treated i.p. with 60 µg/kg BW of neostigmine; flumazenil-treated group (FT), treated i.p. with 7 µg/kg BW of flumazenil; and combination-treated group (CT), treated i.p. with 30

This study was surveyed and evaluated technical, economic and scale efficiency of broiler farms in Egypt using DEA technique. So as to accomplish the specified aim, stratified random sampling technique was utilized to gather information from 150 broiler farms. The results showed that mean technical efficiencies of broiler farms were 0.915 and 0.985 under constant returns to scale (CRS) and variable returns to scale (VRS) respectively, implying that on average the farms could reduce input utilization by 8.5% and 1.5% for production level of output to be technically efficient. Notably, 48.7% of the farms were estimated fully technical efficient under VRS-model. The mean allocative and economic effi

This experiment was performed to find out the effect of peppermint on the performance, gut morphology and immune organs of coccidiosis challenged broilers. A feeding trail was conducted on 320-day-old Ross 308 chicks allocated to 32 floor pens in a 2x4 factorial arrangement. The studied factors were: challenge (Negative or Positive) and feed additive (Control, Peppermint and). On day 8 of age, birds in challenged groups were orally inoculated with Eimeria tenella. On day 35 Eimeria decreased weight (P <.0001) gain and deteriorated feed conversion ratio (P < 0.05). On 24 and 35 days of age, broilers given salinomycin and p

A study was conducted during fall season of 2015-2016 at Qwshtapa farm village of Grdmala, Erbil to study the effect of different rates of Nitrogen and Potassium fertilizers application on nutrient balance and yield of Broccoli. Treatments included 5 levels of nitrogen (0, 60,120,180 and 240 kg N ha^-1), and 5 levels of potassium (0,150,300,450 and 600 kg K ha^-1) in factorial experiment in RCBD with three replicates. The Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated system (DRIS) methodology was applied to study nutrient balance. Results indicated that yields were 23.916 and 11.233 Mg ha^-1 for N₃

The research aimed at analyzing the structure of agricultural employment in Iraq as well as analyzing the current status of economic variables related to agricultural employment during the period 1990-2017, including the agricultural workforce, agricultural wages, agricultural investment and agricultural GDP. In the achievement of its objectives, the research relied on descriptive and quantitative analysis, as well as the use of some modern econometric  methods in estimating models. The results using the ARDL methodology in the analysis indicate a long-term relationship between the volume of agricultural employment and each of the explanatory variables included in the model, which are (agricultural GDP, agricultural investme

This study aimed to determine the most important factors affecting importing of table eggs in Iraq for the period 2003 - 2018. To achieve the objectives the analysis phase was divided into two parts, the first was to measure factors affecting the importing of table eggs in order to obtain a mathematical relationship between the dependent variable (imports) and the independent variables represented by the local price of table eggs and the price limits for table eggs, the exchange rate, the national income, the population, the local production of table eggs, and  the number of table egg projects. The second stage was to predict for the period (2019-2025) using the simple regression method. The results showed that the continuou

Sol-gel, co-precipitation, and photo-deposition techniques were combined to create an effective method for making Fe₂O₃@SiO₂@TiO₂-Ag nanoparticles magnetically separable photocatalyst. FTIR, SEM, EDS, and XRD techniques were used to characterize the Ag-doped composite using FTIR, SEM, EDS, and XRD. In addition, the prepared composites' photocatalytic activity was investigated for the degradation of Metronidazole (MTZ). Approximately 96.85% of MTZ had decomposed after 2 hours of exposure to the sunlight with 20 mg/L of nanocomposite at a pH of 5, within 15 m/ L of MTZ. In addition, the outcomes showed that the 1-order kinetic model described the MTZ degradation kinetics. Furthermore, the

This study was designed for the isolation and molecular identification of Clostridium perfringens. From a total of 200 samples, C. perfringens was isolated from 30 samples (25%) of laying hens and confirmed using a PCR assay by amplifying a segment of a gene (16S rDNA gene) from C. perfringens. The result of histopathology study showed severe necrotic area surrounded by inflammatory cells, erosions of the intestinal epithelium, ulceration of the epithelium, villous necrosis finding surrounded by inflammatory cells, vascular congestion, goblet cell hyperplasia. For the type of t

This study was aimed to investigate replacing wheat flour with sesame flour and thyme-affected laboratory-made Cookies. We tested nine substitution levels and a control. Thyme (1, 3, and 5) % and sesame (15, 30, and 50%) % substituted wheat flour. The proportions of thyme and sesame were, ) 1thyme+15 sesame (%,(3thyme+30sesame)%.Moreover, (5 thyme+50 sesame) The chemical composition analysis of the Cookies treatments showed increases in moisture, protein, fat, and ash for treatment A9 (5% thyme and 50% sesame) compared to the control treatment A10, which had 17.90%, 7.60%, and 11.90%, respectively. Treatment A9 (5% thyme + 50% sesame) had 35.8% unsaturated fatty acids. With sesame and thyme replacement ratios, palmitic, linolenic

The aim of the study is determining the effect of public and private also support and government loans in Agricultural domestic product by analyzing data that got it from secondary sources to the variables contained in the model during the period (1990-2020) using Autoregressive Distributed Lag model (ARDL) with software Eviews 10. The study finds that positive relationship between agriculture domestic product and explaining variables. We find significant parameters in the short and long run, explained that is the increase in agricultural loans with 1% lead to an increase in agricultural domestic product with 14%. Also, an increa

This study investigated the impact of melatonin (MEL) and a short photoperiod on the reproductive performance of local Jordanian goats during the out-breeding season. Forty-five nursing does and five bucks were divided into five groups: MEL with sponge (MS), MEL without sponge (M), darkness with sponge (DS), darkness without sponge (D), and a control group (C). The darkness groups were subjected to a 63-day controlled darkness program to simulate decreasing daylight hours. MEL was administered via subcutaneous implants, and the MS and DS groups received progesterone (P4)-impregnated sponges. The results showed that MEL levels significantly increased (P=0.007) in all experimental groups (MS, M, DS, and D) compared to the control g

This study was conducted in the Third River for the extended period from January 2022 to December 2022. A total of 327 Cyprinus carpio fish were collected. The measurements were carried out to show the monthly changes in food selection, some of the functional traits that influence feeding were also measured. The results showed that the highest rate of stomach values containing food was found in the months of May and July, while the highest level of feeding intensity was recorded in November. The results of the study suggested that the standard length for tested fish was 342.5±88.5.mm.  Head length, and head depth were 77.91± 18.12 mm and 64.91± 15.03 mm consecutively. The study concluded that the functional trait

This study aimed to assess desertification and land degradation in an arid and semi-arid climate (Al-Nasr area, Dhi Qar Governorate). We used the MEDALUS and modified MEDALUS models with three scenarios, in conjunction with GIS mapping techniques, to identify desertification risks in one Iraqi governorate. After creating a desertification database containing 19 criteria, the first steps consisted of mapping four MEDALUS indicators, including soil, vegetation, climate, and land management. The next step involved adding other indicators such as irrigation water. All layers weighted by environmental conditions present in the region were then used according to the same MEDALUS framework to create a desertification map. The results sh