The experiment was conducted on a farm of the College of Agriculture - University of Baghdad for the year 2015 in silt-clay loam soil in order to evaluate the effect of tillage equipment on tillage appearance and some the technical indicators. The tractor" ITM– 285"with tillage systems implements tow factors included, three primary tillage implements included: Moldboard plow, Chisel plow and sweep plow and three pulverization implement included :disc harrow, spring spike tooth harrow and rotary harrow studying the effect of these factors on: Number of clods > 10cm , number o

An Experiment carried out in Al-Yarmook Area in Baghdad for the growing season 2014 to study the effects of foliar application of Salicylic acid and Humic acid on Vincristine and NPK content in Catharanthus roseus. A factorial experiment was applied including two factors according to The Complete Randomized Block Design, the first factor included four levels of salicylic acid 0, 25, 50, and 100 mg.L^-1 which were represented with S₀, S₁, S₂, and S₃ sequentially, the second factor included three levels of Humic acid 0, 0.75, and 1.5 ml.L^-1 and were represented with O₀, O₁, and O₂ sequentially to make up 12 factors in total th

The study was carried out during the growing season 2013 in a private orchard in Diyala Governorate on pomegranate trees Punica granatum L. cv. Salimy which were nine old  years, all trees that chosen had uniform in size and growth were trained on three trunks and planted at 4×4m  to study the effect of three levels of potassium sulfate  (0, 1500, 3000 mg.K.L^-1) and three levels of Zinc (0, 500, and 1000 mg.Z.L^-1) and three levels of Gibberellic acid (GA₃) (0, 20 and 40 mg.L^-1) on quality and quantity of fruit yield, A factorial experiment with three replicate was carried out according to the (RCBD) using one tree on experimenta

This article investigates the ability of two types of mealybugs, citrus (Planococcus citri) and longtailed (Pseudococcus longispinus) mealybugs, of acquiring and transmitting Grapevine vein-clearing virus (GVCV) in a greenhouse setting. Mealybugs are the primary vectors for most Badnaviruses, and only a few species have been shown to be aphid-transmitted. In this study, we tested the acquisition and transmission ability of two mealybug species using GVCV-infected and healthy grapevines in a greenhouse setting for three consecutive seasons. This study determined that acquisition time by the mealybugs could be as low as three days, yet the transmission of GVCV from infected grapevines to healthy grapevine

This study was aimed to determine the best nutrient balance for chickpeas from the relationship between the Norms of nutrients with the critical point for each nutrient using the DRIS system. This experiment was carried out at the Grdarasha farm, college of Agriculture Engineering Science, University of Salahaddin during the spring growing season of 2020, to find out the effects of three levels of nitrogen (UREA) (0, 15, 30 Kg N ha^-1), four levels of triple super phosphate (0, 20, 40, 60 Kg P ha^-1), and three levels of KCl fertilizer (0, 15, 30 Kg K ha^-1) and their combination on Chickpea yield and nutrient balance by using Split Split plot design with three replicates. The highes

A factorial experiment was conducted within split-split plot design with three replicates. Four genotypes seeds (Regalona, Q-37, KVL-SR2, and Q21) were planted in the sub plots while six water treatments distributed in the main plots. They were ordinary river irrigation (S0), stress at emergence (S1), branching (S2), at ear formation (S3), at flowering (S4), and at maturity (S5). Irrigation water was applied in the normal irrigation when 50-60% of the available water was depleted and one irrigation was omitted from the water stress treatments. Reference and actual evapotranspiration, pan evaporation, yield, crop coefficient, and water use efficiency were calculated. Mean irrigation requirement fo

The study was conducted to study the impact of rice straw and sugarcane bagasse residues, as well as biofertilization (Azospirillum and Trichoderma), on the growth, flowering, and quality of two hybrids of roses. The experiment included three main factors: the varieties (Pink-Martini and Brighton), five organic media factors including rice straw at two levels (2 and 4 kg/m2, sugarcane bagasse residues at two levels (2 and 4 kg/m2), in addition to a control treatment without additives. The third factor represented biofertilization by adding Azospirillum and Trichoderma. The results indicated that the applied treatments led to better results in most of the studied characteristics. Overall, the results showed that using rice straw o

This study was aimed to determine effect of foliar application of growth regulator benzyl adenine, adding organic fertilizers and thinning on some physical and chemical properties of date palm fruits Cv. Mejhoul, The experiment was carried out according to a randomized complete block design with three replicates and three factors: foliar application of benzyl adenine at concentrations (0, 100, 150 mg L-1) and symbolized B0, B1, B2, and adding organic fertilizer at levels (0, 1 kg humic acid + 150  g seaweed extract for every tree, 2 kg humic acid + 300 g seaweed extract for every tree) symbols F0, F1, F2 and thinning at two levels (without thinning, removing 10 cm from tips of flower spikes and removing central area of branching fro

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of farming of two fish species on growth traits of cultured fish and some yield components of rice crop. The field was divided into four fields planted with rice seedhing, the area of each field was 100 m², after which two species of fish were released: the common (Cyprinus carpio)  and the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) in rice fields, four experimental treatments were used that were cultured with rice and fish, the first treatment included the culture of common carp alone, while the second treatment, the grass carp was cultured alone, the third treatment, The common carp and grass carp were cultured together by 50 fish each, and in the fourth treatment, the common and grass car

 Staphylococcus aureus is among the bacterial pathogens responsible for the global occurrence of cow mastitis. This study used the Vitek II system, morphological, cultural, biochemical, and identification of SpA and rpoA genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to isolate and identify pathogenic bacteria S. aureus from raw milk samples. The study included collecting fifty milk samples from mastitis-affected cows from various sites within the Baghdad governorate included:(Abu Ghraib,Mahmudiyah and Radwaniyah) .The samples were streaked on a plate of Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA) to detect the presence of S. aureus, and the plates were then incubated at 37°C for a whole day. 12 out of 50 samples tested positive for S. aureus, according to

A project to develop new maize (Zea mays L.) inbreds from inbred populations, crossed, and tested for performance. The project elapsed six seasons, 3 spring and 3 full plantings during 2015-2017. Newly developed inbreds showed significant grain yield increase as compared to the cross of its progenitor inbred. An increase of 2 t ha^-1 was obtained with one of the new inbreds. The crosses obtained were evaluated in field trials with a registered hybrid (60×21). Method of selection counts on a unique plant trait in the inbred population, such as longer ear, thicker ear diameter, stay-green leaves, large kernel, and so on. The merit obtained due to hybrid vigor could be attributed to parental inbreds that have hig

Field experiment was conducted at field of Fallujah- Anbar Governorate/ Iraq, during the two seasons of 2017. Seeds of eight maize inbred lines were cultivated, and line × tester method was used to produce 16 crosses. The seeds of parents were cultivated and crosses in the fall season of 2017 in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. The objectives of the study were to estimate gene action, hybrid vigour, and the effects of general and specific combination abilities of the inbred lines  and to evaluate test cross performance of the hybrids for grain yields and yield related traits. There were significant differences between parents and their crosses for all studied traits. The results showed that crosses

The certain crop cultivars could be adapted that characterized their performance via given trait over given environments. Thus this adaptation could be investigate by many methods. Therefore, ternary plot method advocated to assess the adaptation of ten caraway cultivars using seed yield (Mg ha^-1) over two environments viz. Fallujah and Ramadi for two successive seasons (2011/2012 and 2012/2013). This method was fortified with AMMI Biplot technique. PAST software was adopted to construct triangle graph. Cropstat7.2 software was also applied to extract cultivars own biplots. Results from ternary plot showed that G7 was the both most adaptable cultivars over most circumstances, G3 irresponded because it located on point

The present study included the collection of 144 samples from various clinical and environmental  sources  to investigate the presence of P.aeruginosa. 45 isolates were identified as P.aeruginosa  based on morphological and biochemical tests in addition to molecular diagnostics  used of 16S rRNA. This diagnosis proved that all isolates belong to P. aeruginosa. All isolates selected susceptibility toward 11 antibiotics using disc diffusion method. The results showed a high resistance among isolates against Tetracycline, Cefixim, Cefotaxim, Amoxicillin,   Erythromycin, Methicillin,

The objective of this study, to was measure concentrations of some heavy metals in various imported and locally produced vegetable crops, including root crops (Turnips ''Brassica rapa'' and Carrots ''Daucus carrota''), stem crops (Potatoes ''Solanum tuberosum'' and Onion ''Allium sativa''), leaves (Lettuce ''Lactuca sativa''), and fruits (Tomatoes ''Lycopersicon esculentum'').These crops were collected from Baghdad central whole sales. X-ray fluorescence spectrometry technique was applied to measure heavy metal concentrations. In the imported vegetables, heavy metal mean concentrations were arranged in the following increasing order: Fe>Zn> Cu>Ni>Co>Cd>Cr>

The present study deals with the estimation of gill surface area for orange spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) collected from Iraqi marine water, north west Arabian Gulf. In the laboratory, fishes were separated in to five different length groups ranging from 200-325 mm and weight range of 108.8-582.2g. Absolute and relative total gill surface area (GSA) were estimated for 33 fish from different lengths. Statistical analysis of results revealed that there were significant differences (P<0.05) between total length of gill filaments (TFL) in different length groups, while there were no significant differences (P>0.05) between secondary lamellae (Bl) in different length groups. St

A comparison was conducted  between volatile oil of the plant parts leaves and stems of Pelargonium graveolens as antioxidant by using the compound  DPPH as a free radical. This study aimed at isolation and diagnosis the active compounds of the volatile oil  .The volatile oil was extracted by using the water distillation Clevenger .Volatile oils were detected by using  the liquid gas chromatography. The results showed that 100 g of leaves and steams produced a volatile oil estimated by 5% and 2.3% respectively. The study has shown that volatile oil of leaves contains 12compounds and the highest was Terpineol reaching

This study  was aimed to measure the production efficiency, cost efficiency, profit-maximizing production level, and net income at actual, cost-minimizing, and profit-maximizing production, as well as to calculate the minimum priced accepted by cucumber producers to supply their products, estimate supply function for cucumber producers, estimate the marketing efficiency of cucumber grown in greenhouses. A random sample of 45 cucumber growers from Dhi Qar governorate, Al-Shatra district/ Iraq during the agricultural season 2017 was selected. Due to its harmony with economic and statistical logic, cubic formula was used to estimate the cost function. Results showed that the optimal production of cucumber was 59.54 tons, and th

The objective of this research was to study the chemical composition and functional properties of flour and protein isolate from mung bean by isoelectric precipitation. Moisture, protein, fat, ash, crude fiber and carbohydrate were 5.88%,  24.52%, 1.24%, 3.33%, 5.22% and 59.81%  for flour and 2.48%, 83.70%, 0.24%, 2.48%, 0.52% and 10.58%  for  isolated protein  respectively. The results of functional properties revealed an increase in solubility rates by increasing the pH values of both flour and isolated protein, the mung bean flour showed higher solubility than protein isolate. The foam capacity of flour was higher than that of protein isolate, however foam stability for protein isolate reached 23.53%,&

The objective of this study was to evaluate the genotoxic effects of exposure to environmental agent's pollutants in many doses data. The experimental data (1.553, 2.190: 1.515, 1.516) respectively, suggest that the DNA damage parameters (Tail length, Tail width l) were found higher value in exposed population when compared with the ratio of the length to width that cells exhibiting no decampment when having a ratio of one. The percentage and distribution of cells in exposed population also Proportional in values. This study demonstrates that, utilizing sensitive techniques, it is possible to detect environmental agent's risks at an early stage.

This research was aimed shedding light on some indicators that reflect the ability of the society to achieve an adequate degree of food security from the wheat crop. The length of the two periods of production adequacy and coverage of imports for local consumption of wheat and the stability of these periods were estimated. The period of the annual change in the rate of self-sufficiency, the per capita share and the gap between the per capita share and the need for wheat in Iraq for the period 1990-2015was estimated. It was found that the rate of self-sufficiency of the wheat crop was 54%. The annual increase in the period of production adequacy for the domestic consumption of the wheat crop was estimated at 11.5 days, or about 5.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Eucalyptus Camaldulensis leaves powder (EUP) and oil (EUO) to alleviate cold stress and their effects on broiler performance, duodenum morphology and enzyme secretion, microbial counts, oxidative index expression levels of heat shock protein, vitamin E and TBARS (thiobarbi­turic acid-reactive substances) and meat sensory evaluation. Six hundred thirty-one day-old unsexed  chicks were randomly divided

Iran is a part of the secondary center of origin of melons, and therefore, there is a wealth of genetic variation of these species in this country. In this work, 14 morphological traits were studied in order to select the most discriminating traits. Significant difference among accessions was revealed for almost quantitative traits. KMO coefficient obtained was 0.723 that is explaining of appropriation of this test. The results of the principal component analysis (PCA) for the morphological traits indicated that the first three PCs explained 53.46% of the total variation. Principal component analysis results (PCA) for morphometric data indicated that samples of Semnan and Khorasan showed high degree of  variation and were hi

This study was carried out to evaulate the effect of organic fertilization on the growth of common carp Cyprinus carpio cultured in rice fields and its effect on rice production as well as the possibilitd reducing the feed provided to fish. Four fields with an area of 100 m² were cultured Yasmine rice represented four treatments. Common carp fish were cultured in it with a weight of 100 g/fish and a culture density of 100 fish/field. In the first treatment, organic manure was added without providing fish feed, second treatment, organic manure was added with fish feed, the third treatment without adding organic manure with fish feed, and the fourth treatment without adding organic manure and wi

This study was aimed to identify the histological and histochemical composition of the Ileum in the Slender-billed gull (Chroicocephalus genei). It was using histological stains and histological chemical techniques. The results showed that the Ileum was relatively long, so it characterized into two parts: an anterior part and a posterior part. The results showed that the mucous layer in the two parts consisted of villi that appeared conical in the anterior region and conical to a triangle in the posterior part, and the villi were more numerous and longer in the anterior part. The villi covered with a simple columnar epithelial tissue containing goblet cells in the two regions, but the goblet cells were significantly more

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of in-ovo injection with vitamin E and selenium during the incubation and post-hatching period. 360 fertilized eggs of Ross 308 broiler breeders were incubated, then distributed on 10^th day into three groups (120 eggs/group). 1^st group: uninjected eggs, 2^nd group: eggs were injected with 0.1 ml deionized water/egg in the chorioallantoic cavity, and 3^rd group: eggs were injected with 0.1 ml/egg of Introvit-E-Selen in chorioallantoic cavity. After hatching, 270 chicks were randomly distributed into six groups, and reared until 42 days aged as follows: birds in 1^st, 3^rd and 5^th groups drinks tap water only (fre

This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of supplementing rumen protected lysine on milk production, composition and some blood and rumen parameters. Nine local ewes were assigned into three groups (3 ewes for each) and were allocated into 3x3 Latin-square design. The first group (control) was fed concentrate diet. The second group (F-LYF) was fed the control diet and supplemented with free lysin (3g/ewe/day). The third group (P-LYS) was fed the control diet and supplemented with rumen protected lysine (3g/ewe/day). The ewes were offered 1000 g/ewe/day of concentrate and wheat straw ad libitum in addition to grazing for 6 hr per day.  Results revealed that ewes supplemented with P-LYS and F-LYS had a non-signific

This study was carried out  to investigate the Inflammatory  reaction in broiler chicken after experimental infection with Mycoplasma gallisepticum(MG) , which were evaluated by using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay(ELISA) to measure pro inflammatory cytokines and IgG.  one hundred day old  broiler chicks  were randomly divided into five groups 20 birds each group, all groups except group 5 (control) were  infected at two weeks old with 0.2ml of 10⁶  cfu/bird of local MG ,groups treated as follows:  Group1 : infected  Intravenous( I.V) with MG isolate. Group2: : i

This experiment aimed to study the effect of integrating a passive cooling system with varying air passage outlet clearances: 0 cm (C0, control), 10 cm (C1), 15 cm (C2), and 20 cm (C3) on the performance of polycrystalline and monocrystalline PV panels used in solar-powered irrigation systems. Performance metrics included PV efficiency, maximum power, required number of panels, and operational costs. Results showed a highly significant effect (P < 0.0001) of air passage clearance and PV type on all measured parameters. Specifically, the 10 cm clearance (C1) yielded the best outcomes, achieving the highest PV efficiency (16.26%), maximum power (41.12 W), lowest panel number (7), and lowest operational cost ($8.75). Among panel

A field experiment was conducted at the Al-Raed Research Station, located 25 km west of Baghdad, to investigate the effects of machine speed and plowing depth on various performance indicators of a mechanized unit. A combined implement was utilized to simultaneously perform multiple agricultural operations. The experiment employed two main factors: forward speed of the mechanized unit, with three levels (1.004, 2.03, and 3.048 km h-1), and plowing depth, with three levels (5, 8, and 10 cm). The performance indicators studied included slip percentage, operating costs (IQD ha^-1), the number of soil clods larger than 22 mm in diameter, and Emergence percentage. Through the results obtained in the experime