Newcastle disease (ND) is a paramyxovirus-based infectious, highly contagious, and pathogenic avian viral disease. Despite the widespread use of ND vaccinations, ND remains a danger to poultry breeders worldwide. The specific goal of this study was to identify the best vaccination route against ND in the layer hens at production stage following oily vaccine. One hundred chickens at 30 weeks of age were collected from layer flocks (ISSA brown) and randomly divided into four groups. The groups received the following vaccinations: G1: Chicks were vaccinated two doses against ND by (La Sota strain) through drinking water at (30 and 40) weeks. G2: Chicks were vaccinated two doses against ND by (La Sota strain) throug

 Alburnus mossulensis has been exposed to lead and cadmium for (96)h in order to determination lethal concentration 50 (LC₅₀) value. A total of 140 fish used in this experiment divided into two groups each group contain 70 fishes .The first group exposure to pbcl₂ while the second group exposure to cdcl₂. Method of Finney Probit Analysis used to analysis data. LC₅₀  value for PbCl₂ and CdCl₂ was (57.8 and 29.6) mg/l respectively. Then used about 200  fishes divided into 4 groups, the first group exposure to 1/2LC₅₀  of PbCl₂ ,the second group exposure to 1/2LC₅₀ CdCl

This study was aimed to assess expression of IL-22 gene in patients with newly diagnosed autoantibodies against the thyroid antigens; anti-thyroglobulin (anti-TG), and anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) in comparison with patients previously diagnosed and treated for autoimmune hypothyroidism as well as healthy control individuals. Twenty-eight patients with positive anti-TG and/or anti-TPO were enrolled in this study along with twelve age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to assess gene expression and fold change among the study groups. Results revealed anti-TG concentration ranges of 134.3 to 2998.9 IU/mL and anti-TPO concentration ranges of 41.

The present study was aimed to administering hyperimmunized avian salmonella-immune lymphokines (S-ILK) to 200 one-day-old layer pullets to improve the immunological response against Gumboro (IBDV) divided into four groups. On the first day, the following was applied to all groups: G1: intraperitoneal injection of 0.50 mL S-ILK followed by a 30-minute challenge with 0.1 mL IBDV (ELD₅₀ 10^3.2); G2: intraperitoneal injection of 0.5 mL of S-NILK followed by a 30-minute challenge by 0.1 mL IBDV. G3: challenged with 0.1 mL of IBDV only, G4: uninfected, unchallenged group consider as a negative control. The results of the findings indicated the greatest a statistically significant rise (p≤ 0.05) in IgG and IFN-γ

Lambs’ performance and some carcass traits in relation to insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) were studied in twelve lambs from each of Awassi and Karadi slaughtered at three different weights raised at the animal farm, Department of Animal Production, College of Agricultural Engineering Science, University of Duhok.  Each group of lambs slaughtered at 30 kg, 40 kg, and 50kg was kept in an individual separate pen and fed concentrate ration at libitum. Weight gain and feed intake were recorded till the slaughter and blood samples were taken at the beginning of the experiment and one day before slaughter from the vena jugular for the IGF-1 analysis by using the enzyme immunoassay (EIA) method. Statistical analysis

This study set out to screen 36 common plants which have the greatest level of laccase enzyme activity. It revealed that the enzymatic activity of fenugreek seeds was the highest in comparison with other plants. The optimal enzyme-specific activity was 5340.38 units per milligram protein which were obtained by extracting the enzyme with a sodium phosphate buffer at a concentration of 0.02 M and pH 8.0, at a ratio of 1:40 (weight to volume), and extracting time of 210 minutes. The enzyme yield was 27.6% after extraction and purification by gel filtration using Sephacryl S-3 after 1.01 purification fold. The optimum circumstances for enzymatic activity and stability were found by using 0.1 M sodium acetate as a buffer at pH 5.

This experiment was aimed to study the effect of   herbicide (lintur @180 g.ha^-1 + Axial @1.5 L.ha^-1, Navigator @ 1.25 L.ha^-1 and the control treatment) in the companion weeds. Besides, grain yield and its components of three cultivars of barley (IPA 99, Buhooth 256, Aldebaran). The experiment was carried out according to RCBD, within split plot arrangement using three replicates. The cultivars represented the Main-plots, while herbicides and control treatments represented the sub-plots. The second included a laboratory experiment with four replicates of 50 seeds per replicate to study some grain quality

The study aimed to find association between GH, IGF-I and PRL loci with body weight traits in local quail. Three hundred of three lines of local quail were used in the study. The molecular results showed polymorphism for all loci. The five, four and five alleles for GH, IGF-I and PRL locus, respectively were recorded. The allele D of GH, allele A of IGF-I and allele E of PRL locus have positive effect on growth and carcass traits in local quail lines. Based on the results, the CDCDCE genotype of all loci in desert quail significantly gives highest average daily gain (4.75g/ bird/day) and live body weight (208.18 g / bird /day) at marketing age. While the BDBCBE genotype in brown quail gives highest carcass weight (143.55g/bird) a

This study was carried out to evaulate the effect of organic fertilization on the growth of common carp Cyprinus carpio cultured in rice fields and its effect on rice production as well as the possibilitd reducing the feed provided to fish. Four fields with an area of 100 m² were cultured Yasmine rice represented four treatments. Common carp fish were cultured in it with a weight of 100 g/fish and a culture density of 100 fish/field. In the first treatment, organic manure was added without providing fish feed, second treatment, organic manure was added with fish feed, the third treatment without adding organic manure with fish feed, and the fourth treatment without adding organic manure and wi

Two experiments were conducted to study the efficiency of the ovine follicular fluid (_OFF) and the age of ewe on in vitro nuclear maturation of Awassi sheep oocytes (Experiment 1) and the subsequent stages of early embryos and their quality (Experiment 2). The _OFF has been added to the basic maturation medium (TCM-199) with three different levels (A: 0% (Control group), B:15%, C:25% and D:50%) while the ages of the ewes were determined into two main groups (> 2 and 1-2 year). In the first experiment, across the two age groups, matured oocytes in C solution achieved the highest (p=0.006) rates of metaphase-II (85.70 and 82.35 % respectively). In the second experiment, oocytes belo

This study was designed to investigate the influence of pre-estrus (PE) synchronization and post-mating (PM) vitamins AD₃E treatment on the reproductive performance of Awassi ewes raised at four Iraqi provinces. Seventy six Awassi ewes were randomly divided within each province into two groups. The first group (n=15, except for Karbala, n= 11) were im injected with five AD₃E injections (150 IU / dose), biweekly interval. The 1^st injection was 1.5 months PM, while the 2^nd and 3^rd injections were at the time of progestagen-impregnated vaginal sponges insertion. The 4^th injection was at the time of the vaginal sponge’s removal, whereas the 5^th injection w

The aim of the study investigates the molecular diagnosis between (the Avian encephalomyelitis virus and Newcastle disease virus and differentiating the infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA) strategies. The 1^st detection by RT-PCR for(PMV-1) as primary detection then, the samples were prepared as in FTA card Whatman^® and sent to (AniCon Labs) Germany to detect by one step RT-PCR (DIVA technique) between NDV and AEV   genotype. The result of the molecular investigation as primary detection revealed three samples were positive with Ct values (34.0, 26.6, and 35.8) respectively. Then, in the detection of AEV the result showed all samples were negative. finally, by using (DIVA) with two primers to detect ge

To study the allometric growth of body and carcass traits, twelve new born Karadi lambs were docked within 3 days of their birth using rubber-rings, and left with their mothers till weaning (2.5 months). Another 12 weaned Karadi lambs obtained from local market were left intact. Following an adaptation period of a week, the docked and intact lambs with an average initial weight of 16.83±1.522 and 19.92± 0.748kg, respectively were randomly divided into three equal groups to be slaughtered at 20, 30 and 40kg. Results revealed that the allometric growth coefficients of both docked and intact lambs of dissectible lean and bone were negative heterogenic (b<1), indicating an early maturing tissues

This study was aim to investigate performance of seed drill - fertilizer (GIL-SAX multisem18) was evaluated under two different farming systems (till and no-till) and tractor speeds (5.28, 7.76 and 8.30 km.h^-1). The characteristics were measured including draft force, wheel slip, seed delivery rate, and germination rate. The experiment was organized as a randomized complete block design (RCBD). The significant difference was examined using the least significant difference tests at a P≤0.05. The results showed a minimum draft force and wheel slip under the till system and tractor speed of 5.28 km.h^-1 intera

This study was aimed to investigate the resistance of S. aureus  to different antiseptics.This research indicate that the resistance of S.aureus to antiseptics  is  due to possessing  either the smr gene or the qacA/B genes that  associated with decreased susceptibility to antiseptics there for this study amid to determine the frequencies of S. aureus chloroxylenol resistant isolates and the presence of the  previous genes in these isolates as well as the effect of chloroxylenol on the expression of these genes.189 clinical isolates isolated from skin infections  identified as S. aureus in Baghdad by microscopical and biochemical tests. The chloroxylenol resistance S. aureus isolates was identified and

This research aims to study thyroid hormones, growth hormone, and estrogen hormone in two types of Iraqi amniotes. The study included two types of Mature animals, the local rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus), an example of mammals, and the Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix Japanese), an example of birds. Twenty females were taken from each of the rabbits and quails, and they were of sexual maturity and weighed(1347.2 ± 404.2) g and (173.5 ± 42)g respectively. The level of thyroid function T3, T4, TSH, growth hormones (GH), and estrogen (E2) was measured in the blood serum of quail and local rabbit using ELISA technique following the steps in the l

This study was included 155 records of Awassi ewes and 199 records of lambs born during two seasons (2011-2012), belonging to the College of Agriculture and Forestry, Mosul University. The effect of year was highly significant on all traits except for weight gain from weaning to 180 days (GW180d). Age of dam was significantly affected daily milk yield (DMY), birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW) and gain from birth to weaning (GBW). Type of birth had significant  effect on DMY, BW,WW and weight at 180 days. The effect of lamb sex on WW, GBW was significant. Significant correlations coefficient were observed between DMY and total milk yield (TMY), months weight of lambs, GBW and GB180d being ranged from 0.46 to 0.99 and -0.4

This study was aimed to search and identify potentially active antibacterial, anti-oxidants, and antifungal compounds in red onion skin. Phenolic-rich onion extract was obtained from red onion skin extracted with methanol 70% for 2 h. The extract's antioxidant, antibacterial and antifungal activities were determined. The extract demonstrated the maximum DPPH radical scavenging activity (96% ±3.8) at 2000 g / mL, according to the findings of this study. Anthocyanin concentration, total soluble solids (TSS), total phenolics (TPCs), and, total flavonoids (TFs) in tested sample can all be linked to antioxidant ability. For all microorganisms tested, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the tested sample was 200 g/mL. A red

Common carp was fed at a rate of 9 ± 0.4 g/fish for a period of 56 days on four experimental diets with three replications per diet, including the addition of garlic powder to a diet containing 0 % (control diet,T1), while T2,T3 and T4 at 1.00, 1.50 and 1.75 %, respectively. Fish fed on experimental garlic-containing diet show a significantly changes (P≤ 0.05) in Packed Cell Volume and Hemoglobin as compared with the control diet. There were no significant differences in MCHC and neutrophil counted, while the albumin value of fish fed on the 2^nd diet increased significantly (P≤ 0.05) among all treatments. The values of ALT (except for diet 2) and AST decreased significantly (P≤ 0.05) compared with control diet.<

This research aims to study and analyze the impact of agricultural policy on marketing the rice crop in Iraq for the period 2000-2020 and to identify the actual contribution of agricultural policy and its positive role, regression analysis was used by OLS method to measure the impact of agricultural marketing policy in Iraq for the period 2000-2020, and it is necessary to increase the marketed quantities in a way that helps move the price According to the supply and demand of the marketed quantities, which increases the impact of the marketed quantities on the price while reducing the government support followed as an encouraging policy. The study concluded that the production was not sufficient to cover the loca

This study was carried out at the Poultry Research Station / Agricultural Research Department / Ministry of Agriculture, to investigate the effects of implanting genistein (GE) for the period of 1/February/2021 to 16/August/2021. into Iraqi local chickens at various ages on primary (PSF) and secondary (SSF) sex ratios of female, fertility (FE), and hatchability (HA) traits. At the age of 12 weeks, 100 hens and 20 roosters of Iraqi local chickens from the Poultry Research Station were used in this study. After numbering the hens, the birds were housed in individual cages and divided into four treatments (each with 25 chickens) as follows: T1: none implantation; T2, T3, and T4: implantation of 10 mg GE /kg weight at 14, 18, and 22

This study was aimed to describ the course of Newcastle disease at 24 and 72 hr. of infections in broilers flocks within the period (1-December-2021 to 1- Jun- 2022) and the study aimed to determine the immunological (CD4, CD8) response and changes in neurotransmitter hormones. The blood samples were collected and prepared then examined by ELISA kits test and were worked under the protocols of companies. The result of immunological response showed the response to cellular immunity (CD8) in all cases increasing within 24hr.with statistically represented levels while, the result of humoral immunity (CD4) increasing in all cases except two cases within 72hr. with statistically significant levels as well as the results of (CD4/ CD8)

The colonies of C. glabrata were described, which morphology of isolated on sabouraud dextrose agar with chloramphenicol. Biosynthesis of nanoparticles is of great importance since they are highly involved in various medical and biological applications. The current study aims to produce Penicillium chrysogenum - derived AgNPs to be used to treat Candida glabrata. Nanoparticles were formed, the results of which was observed through UV-visible spectrophotometry. Therefore, the surface morphology and particles size of AgNPs were assessed using the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The atomic force microscopy (AFM) confirmed that the average diameter of AgNPs was 18 nm which is appropriate to be

The aim of this research is production of disinfection (Dettol) contains herbal formula and study the efficacy of it for inhibition of pathogenic bacteria as and comparing with traditional Dettol efficacy. In this research, a herbal disinfectant and antiseptic was prepared similarly to the industrial Dettol and in terms of composition, except for the active substance (chloroxylenol), which was replaced by a plant extract (thyme) and active compound (thymol) separately. total of 50 samples hand swabs were collected randomly from children and housewives and student at university of Baghdad. The following species were isolated from swabs and identified by microscopic morphology, morphological features on culture media, and Vital Ind

This study was aimed to investigate baking quality of some bread wheat and water stress. A field experiment was carried out at the fields of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad during the seasons 2018-2019 and 2019-2020. Five local cultivars and 20 entrance genotypes were planted, during first season and the best 9 genotypes for baking ability were selected and tested in the second season, under moisture depletion levels of 50, 70, and 90% of field capacity, RCBD was used for the first season, with a split-plot design for the second season, with three replications for both seasons. The levels of moisture depletion occupied the main plots and the genotypes of the sub plots. In the second season

This study was aimed to investigate the impact of tocopherol, trehalose and soil improvement in water productivity and industrial potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.), Austin hybrid. The field experiments were carried out during the fall season 2020-2021 and spring season 2021. The experiments were carried out as a factorial experiment within a split plot design. The irrigation interval factor was set every 4, 8 and 12 days for the fall season 2020-2021 and every 4, 7 and 10 days for the spring season 2021 (symbolized by I₀, I₁ and I₂) in the main plot, and the interaction factor between Eco Gel soil improveme

 This experiment was carried out at College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sulaimani. Microscopically, no adverse histopathological changes were seen in the kidneys, liver, gills and intestines of Cyprinus carpio for T2(replacing fishmeal with 5% lentil) and T3 (replacing fishmeal with 10% lentil) in comparison with the control (T1). However, various levels of adverse histopathological changes were seen in the T4(replacing fish meal with 15% lentil) and T5 (replacing fishmeal with 20% lentil). In the kidneys, dilation of the Bowman’s spaces was evidently associated with a decrease in the mesangial cellularity of glomerular tuft. In the liver, congestion of the central vein was apparent together with centril

This study was aimed to decreasing the use of nitrite in Pasterma (sausage in Iraq) in traditional condition, beetroot and milk thistle was used with (75% veal meat and 25% pelvic and kidney fat),the treatment were divide (T1): (0.075 ppm milk thistle with 0.075 ppm beetroot), (T2): (0.075 ppm nitrite with 0.075 ppm milk thistle powder),(T3): (0.075 ppm nitrite with 0.075ppm beetroot powder), (T4):Addition of the synthetic antioxidant Betalyted Hydroxy Anisole (0.01%) BHA. The physical properties resulted in cooking loos, WHC, T3the treatment excelled (8.17)%and 39.12% respectively, Fat oxidation measurements (TBA 3.02 Malone Didehyde/kg, and peroxide value 0.56 mEq/kg fat) inT3 sample show signi

To evaluate the impact of two medicinal plants Quercus infectoria and Astragalus eriocephalus on digestibility, milk yield, its compositions and economic efficiency, twenty eight lactating Awassi ewes at their mid-lactation were selected based on their pre-treatment milk yield, were divided into four groups and fed ration containing 1% Gall oak, 2% Astragalus, 0.5% Gall oak with 1% Astragalus, and Control. Twelve ewe lambs were used to study the effect of rations on the digestibility. Herbal active compounds were obtained by GC-MS analysis. Results revealed that fifty-six and twenty-four compounds identified in Astragalus eriocephalus and Quercus infectoria samples, with the major compound bein

This experiment was aimed to investigate the efficacy of MiaClost (Bacillus subtillis PB6 and Enterococuss faecium) as an alternative to antibiotic (zinc bacitracin) on performance and gut health of broiler chickens under Escherichai coli (E. coli) challenge model. A feeding study was conducted using 240-day-old Ross 308 chicks that were randomly assigned to 5 treatments each with 4 replicates and reared in two different rooms. Four treatments including (positive control, antibiotic, MiaClost 1 and MiaClost 2 ) were challenged with E. coli and reared in room1, however the fifth treatment was used as Negative control (nonchallenged) and reared  in the second room. Birds were challenged with