This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of some plant extracts of yerba mate Ilex paraguariensis and Cinnamonum cassia against the pathogen Vairimorpha (Nosema) ceranae in the digestive system of workers of the global honey bee Apis mellifera L. at different concentrations, and showed The results of the laboratory study showed that the alcoholic extract and powders of mate and cinnamon plants at concentrations of 1, 2, and 3% were efficient concentrations and had no side effects on bees. The alcoholic extract of mate at a concentration of 3% was more efficient than the rest of the other concentrations and reached 2070, 1980, 1730, 1390,1080 and 70 x 10

 Melanin pigment has broad applications in medicine, cosmetics, and agriculture. In this study, Streptomyces atrovirens TA4, a soil isolate was used for the first time to produce bioactive melanin pigment. This work mainly focuses on media optimization and using statistics to obtain optimum concentrations of the medium composition for maximum pigment production. Starch casein broth was the best melanin pigment-producing medium (127.6 mg/L ) among 8 tested media. Central composite design analysis using (Design-Expert-13), a statistics-based method, revealed casein as the most significant factor affecting melanin production with an F-value of 1878.8 and the model exhibited good fitting, with a correlation coe

The research aimed to compare imported inflation in the agricultural sector in Iraq and Jordan, where data collected for time series for the period (1990-2022) and using ARDL model. The results showed a positive and significant relationship between imported inflation and both the price index of agricultural imports, agricultural product, population, agricultural trade openness and exchange rate in the short and long terms in Iraq, the variables were significant in the short term in Jordan, but in the long term some variables were not identical to economic logic, It turns out that there is a long-term equilibrium relationship between the dependent variable and some illustrative variables because not all variables have a long-term equilibr

A total of 100 fingerlings of Bunni, Mesopotamichthys sharpeyi weighing between 10-15g were used in the current experiment. The experimental fish treatments involved adding different concentrations of lead acetate exposure as follows: T1 control treatment ; T2 and T4 exposed to 0.2mg/l and 0.4mg/1 of lead acetate with complete replacement of water aquarium every two days and added lead acetate continuously in the same proportion. T3 and T5 exposed to lead acetate of 0.2 and 0.4 mg/l in first time only without adding the above percentage of lead acetate with complete replacement of water aquarium every two days. , Results showed after 30 days of exposure that the total weight gain ranged between

This study was conducted to determine the effect of treating the food of third-instar larvae of the greater wax moth (Galleria mellonella) with ethanol and hexane extracts of Ajuga iva leaves at concentrations of 5%, 7.5%, and 10%, and their impact on the biological aspects of the insect. The results showed that the 10% concentration achieved the highest larval mortality rate, with an average of 51.84% for both extracts, while the lowest mortality rate was 19.17% at the 5% concentration, and 3.33% in the control treatment. Additionally, there was a reduction in the percentage of larvae that pupated, with the ethanol extract being more effective in reducing the number of pupae its reached average 61.68% and 82.53% for th

This stady was aimed to investigate effect of treatment with 0, 0.25 and 0.50 mM of Glutathione (GSH) and 0, 1.0 and 2.0 mg L^-1 of Gibberellic acid (GA₃) in enhancing the growth of calli cultures was tested under normal and critical concentrations of sodium chloride (NaCl). The experiments were conducted during October, 2022 to June 2023 at the plant tissue culture laboratory in Center of Desert Studies, University of Anbar. The experiments designed according to the complete randomized design (CRD). The critical limit of NaCl in calli cultures was determined after 35 days of cultivation in MS medium. The res

This study was aimed to identify the role of barley prolamin (BP) hydrolysates which prepared from local barley (class Ibaa 99), prolamins isolate using pepsin and trypsin (individually - synergistically) in inhibiting the ACE 1 and as antioxidant agent. The Amino acids (AAs) content of barley protein were estimated by HPLC technique, and barley prolamin (BP) was isolated from whole barley flour (WBF) using 70% ethyl alcohol, and then purified depending IP and centrifugation. Prolamin molecular weight (M.wt) was determined using the electrophoresis technique. Barley prolamin isolate (BPI) subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis using 20U of pepsin and trypsin separately and synergistically for 8 h. Ali

The objectives of this work was to study the effect of sex and weight at slaughter on meat quality in the longissimus muscle of Black goat and Meriz goat .Twenty four weaned kids from each breed were divided equally and penned individually into two groups .The 1^st was castrated using rubber ring ,and the 2^nd was left intact ,and was assigned to be slaughtered at 15,20 and 25 kg live body weight .The overall means of  pH, lightness ,redness ,yellowness, drip loss, cooking loss and tenderness were 5.94±0.009 , 46±1.16 , 20.01±0.68 , 35.68±0.78 ,0.25±0.01, 12.17±0.35 ,1.65 <

An experiment was conducted at the vegetable  field, Department of Horticulture and Landscape Gardening, Collage of Agriculture, University of Bagdad, to study the response of two cultivars of okra for different types of covering and their effect on growth, early and total yield. Two cultivars of okra ( Lahloba and Batra) were used, Two soil mulchs (with or without black mulch), and two tunnels cover (white and Agryl-17) were tested. This study was designed as a factorial (2*2*2) within RCBD with three replicates (24 experimental units).Results indicated: black soil mulch+ white cover treatment significantly increased the speed and percentage of germination, plant highest, leaves number, dry weight of the vegetative parts gi

This study was aimed to determine extension activities provided to rice farmers in raising the awareness for compost manufacture in  Al-Diwaniyah province and investigate the level of awareness of rice farmers in the field of compost manufacturing , as well as the problems facing farmers when manufacturing compost, mythology a questionnaire design to collect data from rice farmers  during the 2018 . The research society consisted of the agricultural departments of the directorate of Agriculture in Al Diwaniyah province. A random sample was taken from rice farmers related to the agricultural departments in the Directorate of Agriculture with their (632) farmers,

This study includes the using therapeutic bacteria isolate in topical ointment for bacterial vaginosis treatment and to compare it with metronidazole ointment that use in a clinical trial under medical supervision. Four active Lactobacillus probiotics bacteria were cultured in %12 skim milk , three of these bacteria were commercial types and one Iraqi local isolate , the total bacterial count of probiotics bacteria were around ≥ 10¹² cfu/ml . %10 of individually culture free cells  filtrate were added to Muller Hinton broth with secretions of patients infected with bacterial vaginosis "BV", %50 of  natural organic components and %50 of local isolat

Soil erosion is one of the foremost factors giving rise to watershed deterioration due to improper and unwise utilization of natural resources without proper vision, particularly in developing countries like Iraq. Since it is not possible to implement rehabilitation programs over all areas at a time, prioritization plays a major role in identification of the areas which are in need of immediate actions. Accordingly, the current study was conducted to perform morphometric analysis as the basis for prioritization. To achieve the above objective, 30 watersheds of different scales were delineated within Erbil governorate and standard procedures were followed to carry out morphometric analysis. Prioritization ranks were determined for

Soil erosion by water is a major land degradation problem because it threatens the farmer’s livelihood and ecosystem's integrity. Rainfall erosivity is one of the major controlling factors inducing this process. One obstacle of estimating the R-factor is the lack of detailed rainfall intensity data worldwide. To overcome the problem of data scarceness for individual analysis of storm events for developing the country with a non-uniform pluvial regime like the upper part of Iraq, multivariate models were derived for estimating annual rainfall erosivity. They were based on annual rainfall data and geographical coordinates of a group of meteorological stations distributed over the study area. A host of statistical indices were sel

This research was conducted at the university of the University of   Baghdad / Al-Jadireya during the seasons of 2016  to study the effects of applying the root stimulator Essential plus 1-0-1 and spraying   of the Acadian seaweed and  fertilizer (NPK) and their effects on the vegetative and root growth of grape transplants cv. Summer Royal. A factorial experiment was carried out according to the randomized complete block design with three replications .The experiment included 12 treatments, the first treatment (organic nutriment) (A0), included adding the root stimulator (Essential plus 1-0-1) to the soil with 4 ML.L^-1 (A

This research was carried out in the nursery of the University of Baghdad- Al-Jadireya during the growing seasons of 2015 and 2016 t0 investigate the effects of two organic fertilizers; root stimulator(Essential plus 1-0-1) and Acadian extraction seaweed as well as NPK on the vegetative growth  traits and some nutrient elements content in the leaves of grape transplants cv. Summer Royal. A factorial experiment was carried out according to the randomized complete block design(RCBD) with three replications. The experiment included 12 treatments, the first factor (organic nutrient) included adding the root stimulator to the soi

The study was conducted to investigate the impact of Ca(NO₃)₂ on  different levels of salt-stress in date palm. Three-years-old date palm plants were subjected to four NaCl levels: 50, 100, 150 and 200 mM. The saline solutions were supplemented with 0, 5, 10 and 20 mM Ca(NO₃)₂. The combined NaCl/Ca(NO₃)₂ treatments were conducted over a period of 10 weeks. Control plants were only subjected to the four salinity levels with no Ca (NO₃)₂ addition. Results showed an inhibitory effect of salinity on almost all plants' parameters under inve

Drought stress is a major threat on most of the agricultural crops grown in the East Mediterranean Region in the consequence of predicted global climate change (1). Therefore, improving essential cereal crops such as barley is extremely important for this region to increase yield production due to its economic interest and adaptability to dry environments (29). This two-year experiment was carried out in Kalar technical institute, in Garmian region, Iraq during the seasons of 2016-17 and 2017-18. Canopy temperature depression (CTd) and leaf senescence traits (Onset of leaf senescence (SENonset) and End of leaf senescence (SENend)) were evaluated under irrigated and rain-fed conditions for five hybrid genotypes of barley. Canopy t

The study was conducted on 118 partridges (Alectoris graeca) chicks in order to find the effect of non-genetic factors and genetic evaluation of live weight and carcass of this bird. The results showed a highly significant superiority of the weights of males over females in most age stages (437.71 ± 4.40 vs 375.90 ± 3.66 g/ bird at marketing age) and daily weight gain (ADG) from one day to marketing age (4.70 ± 0.06 vs 4.01 ± 0.04 g/ day/bird). The breeding values (BLUP) ​​of birds for marketing weight ranged from -135.4 g/bird to 56 g/bird. Significant differences were recorded between groups of birds with high and low BLUP values ​​in the average live weight at market (464.21 ± 11.03 vs 352.80 ± 6.47 g/bi

The present study was aimed to find the most common causative agents relates to skin ulceration in most common fish farming (ponds and cages) affects Cyprinus carpio in Wasit province harvested from three different regions. The laboratory isolation and detection of bacteria in this study was carried out in medical laboratory techniques in Middle Technical University and Central Public Health Laboratory in Baghdad from September to December 2020. For this study 240 infected common carp Cyprinus carpio L. were used, 120 samples from cages and 120 samples from ponds. Samples were taken from three regions, which represented the north, central, and south of the governorate. Samples from skin ulcers were taken from af

This study was conducted at the different geographical regions at the north of Iraq; during the field trips, many samples of individuals of two genera Valeriana L. and Valerianella Miller were collected. The fruits of specimens morphologically have been inspected, and some parts of fruits were anatomically examined by paraffin method, from both studies the diagnostic characteristics of fruits were determined. This study was proved the morphological characteristics of significance within genera and species levels, while anatomical features had a large role in separation between the two studied genera, it was proved that the cross-sectional outlines of fruits played a significant role in delimiting among species o

This study was aimed to investigate weeds kind in palm plantations. Date palm is the most chief economic crop in most countries of the Arabian Peninsula. Many factors, such as the presence of weeds, may cause a huge loss in the production of dates. Despite the severe damage caused by the presence of some weeds in agroecosystems, many weeds have many medicinal and economic uses. A total of 62 species were listed in palm Plantations in Tabuk and Al-Qassim Regions. A total of 51 species were listed in Tabuk Region (The number of unique species in the Tabuk Region reached 32 that not recorded in Al-Qassim Region. Also, 19 species were recorded in both of Tabuk and Al-Qassim Regions). A total of 30 weeds were listed i

The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of propolis [(crud propolis and Water Ethanol Extract Propolis (WEEP)] as feed additive on biochemical and immunological in common carp Cyprinus carpio challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila. A total of 60 C. carpio, (75±10g) were randomly stocked into five treated groups in duplicate as follows: control group (C) fish were fed basal diet without any addition of propolis; T1 fish were fed basal diet supplemented with 10g/kg crud propolis; T2, T3 and T4 fish were fed WEEP at concentrations of 2g, 4g and 8 g/kg diet.Results indicated that The highest albumin content was found in T1 which showed a significant increase (P≤0.5) compared to C+

The current study was aimed to ascertain the impact of ciprofloxacin, an acidifier acid, and a Bacillus subtilis on immunological function and growth efficiency after a starter-phase challenge with Salmonella pullorum. 250 broiler chicks (Ross 308) were put into five groups of fifty each, all groups except the fifth group, orally challenged with S. pullorum at one day old, and provided with a supplement in drinking water after three days as follow G1: treated with B. subtilis (2×10⁷ CFU/g) (250 g/1000 L). G2: treated with acidifier acid (0.5-1 ml/L). G3: treated with ciprofloxacin 10% (0.5 ml/L). G4: only infected with S. pullorum. G5: control negative. Th

This study was aimed to determine the optimum conditions of urease extracted from different plant sources and evaluate its biochemical properties. Eighteen types of plants commonly used namely Tomato, Chickpea, Sesame, Mustard, Lebbeck, Watermelon, Soybean, Cotton, Male Iraqi berries, Female Iraqi berries, Indian berries, Pumpkin, Muskmelon, Legumes, Cowpea, Radish, Pisum and Phaseolus were taken and tested for the presence and activity of urease. Cotton (Gossypium barbadense) was selected as the plant source with highest specific enzymatic activity among them (2.51 U/mg protein) when extracted the enzyme after ground seeds using 0.15 M of tris base buffer pH 8.5 at a ratio 1:10 (w:v) fo

 The research aimed to study the effect of natural and nano zinc oxide on some growth parameters of common carp Cyprinus carpio. Seven treatments were used, including the control without any addition, the second, third and fourth treatments by adding nano-zinc oxide at concentrations of 25, 50 and 75 mg/kg feed, respectively, and the fifth, sixth and seventh treatments by adding natural zinc oxide in the same concentrations above. The results showed that the fourth treatment was superior to the traits of the total weight gain, daily growth rate, relative and specific growth rate over the other treatments, which is an indication that the fis

This study was aimed to testing 25 genotypes (5 parents + 10 diallel + 10 reciprocal crosses) using full Diallel mating design in winter season 2021-2022 for F₂ generation of common wheat, in two locations. The first was in Qlyasan Agricultural Research Station, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences; University of Sulaimani located (Lat 35° 34′; N, Long 45° 21′; E, 765 MASL), the second was in Koya Agricultural Station-Ministry of Agricultural (Lat 36° 04′; N, Long 44° 37′; E, 582 MASL). The results of the study confirmed that the mean squares of genotypes was highly significant for all characters in both locations, the same for the mean squares for gca with the exception of grain weight plant^-1

A trial was conducted to study the effects of probiotic (Miaclost) supplement on experimentally induced hypocalcemic rickets in broiler chicks, a total of 180 one-day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308) were randomly divided into three equal groups 60 chicks per group with 3 replicates (20 birds /replicate) the dietary treatments consisted of a normal ration for G1, calcium-deficient ration 5% for G2 and calcium-deficient ration with addition of probiotics in drinking water for G3.Initial signs of rickets have been observed at 35-day of age in G2.while, in G1 and G3 no clinical signs observed, the gross lesions appeared enlargement of parathyroid gland, costochondral junction and increase in the width

There is growing interest among farmers to locally produce high protein and strong gluten wheat that is suitable for bread making and meet the demand of local artisanal bakers in Kentucky. The warm and humid weather in southeast region is ideal for soft red winter wheat (SRW) production which characterized by low protein content. The technique of splitting nitrogen (N) fertilization according to the growth stages has been suggested to improve protein content and its composition. This study evaluated the effect of split N application on yield and baking quality traits of two SRW wheat cultivars grown in the eastern U.S. region in conventional and organic cropping systems. One landrace (Purple Straw) and one modern cultivar (Pembro

The present study was conducted in Sulaimani region at two different locations, Kanipanka and Qlyasan during winter season of 2019-2020 to estimate the response of forage yield and some competition indices to the effect of crop pure stands and their mixtures of barley and triticale intercropped with narbon vetch and grass pea with some different patterns. The experiment was designed according to Completely Randomized Block Design with three replications. As the average of both location the maximum green forage yield was produced by pure narbon vetch 32.610 ton ha^-1, while pure barley produce maximum dry forage yield and dry matter % reached 5.506 ton ha^-1 and 8.55% at booting stage respectively, but the crop

Guar gum galactomannan is a common polysaccharide isolated from the legume plants Cyamopsis tetraganoloba. Guar gum derivatives are widely used in many industrial fields. In this work, a method for obtaining a new derivative of guar gum, galactomannan butyl ether, is considered. The introduction of the butyl group into the structure of galactomannan was proved by IR spectroscopy, by the appearance of absorption bands in the regions corresponding to the vibrations of the –C – O – C–, CH₂ and CH₃ groups. According to X-ray diffraction data, it was shown that in the process of obtaining butyl ether of galactomannan, the structure is amorphous. According to the data of scanning electron microscopy, the p