Laboratory experiment was carried out to study kinetic of copper adsorption using silt clay loam calcareous Iraqi soil. 5ml of copper nitrate solutions (0,25,100 and500 mg Cu L^-1)that were prepared from Cu(NO₃)₂.3H₂O Added to (soil) and (soil+compost) treatments. Compost (0.05gm) was added to (soil+compost) treatment that equal 10g kg^-1 soil. The soil samples were incubated at 293±2 K for four incubation periods 24,168,336 and 672 h using Batch equilibrium technique. At each incubation period the soluble copper was determined and kinetic equations were tested. The results showed that the soi

A field experiment was conducted at the fields of field Crops Dept.- Coll. of Agric.Univ. of Baghdad  during winter season  2012 – 2013 . The objective of this experiment was to know the effect of the residual on of sulfur in soil and NPK fertilizers on some growth, yield components and grain yield of bread wheat Triticum aestivum L. , variety Abu – Ghraib 3. This experiment carried out , using factorial experiment within Randomized Complete Block Design with three replicats . The first variable, influence of sulfur residual from last season (0 ,2 ,4 ,6) Mg. ha^-1 . The second var

Field experiment was conducted by using randomized complete block design with three replicates to evaluate the effect of biofertilizer of   Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas  fluorescens alone or together with peatmoss or bentonite as carriers interacted with four mineral fertilizer levels (zero , 25% , 50% , and 75%) of the recommended level on the growth and yield of wheat (Alrasheed varity) , tow control treatments were used ,the first with out of biofertilizer and  mineral fertilizer and the second included the addition of the recommended level (100%) of mineral fertilizer  Significant ,effect of the addition of biofertilizer  supplemented with    minera

The current study was included the use of okra seeds (Abelmoschus esculentus) for preparation of Defatted Okra Powder (DOP), Okra Protein Concentrate (OPC) and Okra Protein Isolate (OPI). Three methods were used to identify the best one for protein concentrate preparation . The concentrate with 72.1% protein was prepared by removal of seed peel, ground, defatting and treated with ethanol. The optimum conditions for  protein isolate preparation were 1:40 (water: DOP), extraction time of 75 minutes, extraction pH 9.0 and the precipitation pH was  4.0. This study also investigated the chemical composition to products that were 50.8,72.1,91.2% protein ,0.88,0.86,0.32 % fat ,8.45,9.94,2.67% ash and 35.23,12.37,3.26%

Red meat production is an essential and important in the amount of livestock production part and contribute to livestock about 22% of the value of agricultural production, except fish in Iraq over the medium term from 2013 to 2009,The red meat and meat products of are consider good foods with a high nutritional value because they contain vitamins, proteins, fats and minerals .So it requires such a study to estimate the function supply red meat to a statement most influential variables in the supply quantity of red meat during the period 1995-2013 It is clear from the results that the rise in red meat prices by 1% leads to increase the quantity supplied of red meat increased by 0.403%, while the increase of chicken meat prices by

The wheat crop of the most important strategic food grain crops as it's source of food for more than (35%) of the world's population, particularly in third world countries from which Iraq.. This study deals with the subject of measuring the economic efficiency of rain-fed farms wheat in the region in order to identify the most important factors affecting the level of efficiency, in addition to estimating the size of the resources generated economic efficiency overall. It was obtained preliminary data from field sources by relying on a stratified random sample of wheat farmers included (225) farm productive season (2013-2014) in the province of Sulaymaniyah. It has been measuring the Total economical efficiency in

A field trial was conducted  in Silt loam soil at  Al-bu-Farraj, northen Ramadi, 110 km west of Baghdad) , to study the effect of fertilization with macro and micronutrients on growth and yield of garlic ( Allium sativum L.). Randomized complete block design with three replicate was used. Four fertilizer formulations from  nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium i.e. A0 (0,0,0) , A1 (80, 80, 80) , A2 (120, 120, 120 and A3 (160, 160, 160) kg.ha^-1 were applied. Four concentrations of nutrient solution( B0,B1,B2,B3) (0 , 0.5 , 1 , 1.5) g.L^-1 were foliar applied.Results showed no significant difference among treatments regarding plant height. Leaf area , mean head weight and yield were signifi

 A pots experiment was conducted at the canopy wood of Agriculture - University of Baghdad (Abu-Ghraib) during summer season of 2014 to study the effect of irrigation water quality and biofertilizer and their interactions on some soil chemical properties and growth of corn. Treatments included three water qualities river water (1.5 ds.m^-1 ''Q1''), well water (4.4 ds.m^-1 ''Q3'') and mixed water (3.0 ds.m^-1 ''Q2'') and two levels of biofertilizer (without inoculation ''B0'' and inoculation with Azotobacter chroococcum, Bacillus megaterium and Pseudomonas fluorescens  ''B1'') applied to clay loam soil, using

The experiments were conducted during two fall season and two winters (2010 and 2012), at Grdarash Research Station in Erbil, Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Four winter crops were chosen Wheat, Canola, Pea, Broad bean as well as Fallow plot. These crops were planted in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications during both winter seasons. Maize was planted during the fall seasons succeeded by winter crops. Some field characters were recorded for each winter and fall maize crops during the four growing seasons. The result revealed that all the characters value of winter crops were decreased. The  reduction were in 2011-2012 season about 58.92% in wheat number of tillers 45.20% and 57.67% in plant height and yield in

This study had been conducted to quantify the concentrations of PAHs compounds in the roots of Phragmites australis[Cav.] Trin. ex Steudel) and Typha domingensis Pers. and to assess their efficiency in remediation of these pollutants from the sediment of fresh water sediment in Hilla, Daghara and Diwaniyah River. Samples (whole plants) were collected from the selective sites, seasonally during 2011-2012. Results showed the efficiency of Phragmites australis and  Typha domingensis roots in the accumulation of HMW-PAHs, which were recorded (69.9 and 35.67 ng.g^-1  dry weight DW) during winter and spring whereas these values were (21.8 and 38.7 ng.g-1 ) in shoots samples during

The present study was conducted to determine the effect of magnetized water on common carp Cyprinus carpio rearing in different salinity concentrations. The experiment was divided into four treatments using magnetized with 1500 gauss for each treatment,  first as control with tap water, second treatment using water with 2 mg/l, third and fourth treatments with 3 and 4 mg/l respectively for 8 weeks. Results of the experiment indicated some variations between treatments as it seen sharp significant decrease (P≤0.05) in pH, dissolved O₂ proportional with increasing salinity concentration but just remain within the accepted values for breeding common carp fish, meanwhile th

Phosphorus (P) is one of the major plant nutrients that directly or indirectly affect all biological processes. It is a key component of energy metabolism, and biosynthesis of nucleic acids and membranes. Phosphorus deficiency is considered to be one of the major limitations for crop production particularly in low-input agriculture systems around the world and nearly 80% of applied mineral P may be retained in the soil.  Roots provide an interface for P moving from one living system—the soil—into another living system—the plant. Microbial processes in soil are important for the distribution of P between various inorganic and organic P fractions and subsequently for the potential availability of phospha

An experiment was conducted in unheated greenhouse units of the Department of Horticulture and Landscape -College of Agriculture- University of Baghdad on the first of October,   to observe the effects of amony interaction of crown diameter, chilling,  and foliar application of gibberellic acid on vegetative growth, and reproductive in cv. ‘Festival’ of strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa (Duch)). Using randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), Plants were sorted into two groups according to crown diameter (11-15mm (Cd1)  and  6-10 mm (Cd2)), each

This study was depend to select Pseudomonas aeruginosa A3 as a good producer of rhamnolipid (RL) biosurfactant after screening on agar plate where it was able to biosynthesize 4.3 g/L with emulsification index 52% and reducing the surface tension of water to 33.2 mN/m. Therefore, this study was aimed to increase the production of biosurfactant from selected isolate by exposure to several physical and chemical mutagenic factors like gamma radiation, nitrosoguanidine, ethyl methane sulfonate and lithium chloride. The results were shown that 0.2 g/L of nitrosoguanidine was the best mutant for increasing the production to about 2 folds (9.4 g/L) after 15 mins exposure to this material, as well as the emulsification index and

 Reuse of treated wastewater for irrigation purpose can reduce high pressure on freshwater resources. A horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland (HSSF CW) system filled with gravel and planted with Phragmites Australia was used to treat the real wastewater at Al-Rustumia wastewater treatment plant. Some characteristics of wastewater such as biochemical oxygen demand, phosphate and total suspended solids have been monitored from 15 January until 8 July 2018. The results proved that HSSF unit has a good efficacy in the reduction of previous parameters with removal of 84.2, 55.4 and 72.7% while sulphate and total dissolved solids were less removal efficiency with 3.3 and  0.99 % respectively. The measured va

The current paper aims at building  Proposed Organizational Structure For Agricultural Initiative  Media in Iraq for observing the opinions of  the employees working in the Agricultural initiative  and those working in  the media and agricultural sector on three levels as to measure suitability of  Proposed informational  Organizational Structure . In order to carry out goals of the research, a questionnaire has been prepared andincluded fifth scale consisting of 115 items distributed on 6 space and 22 axils. The research has been carried out on cluster random sample with 50% of all offirst. Iraqi governorates of southern, middl

 The high marketing margins for fruit crops and lower marketing efficiency in  the province of  Baghdad was the target of  the study and appreciation it and estimate the relative importance for its as well as marketing costs and measuring  Marketing Efficiency for fruit crops studied in the province of  Baghdad during the study period 2014/2015.The search has dealt with the evolution of  economic indicators for the marketing  efficiency of the fruit crops studied  in  the province of Baghdad during the period of the study it was found that the relative importance of absolute margin catalog between the producer price and  consumer price  represents a high proportion of wh

The foreign trade in agricultural products form an important factor for developing countries, including Iraq, because of their great importance in the conduct of agricultural products to regional and global markets and supply there agricultural products from the outside world, thus the imports of agricultural products and goods represent great importance in countries that suffer from the domestic production unable to bridge the consumers needs, especially in the short run.The study aims to analysis and determine the most important economic factors those affecting the quantity of imports of  the chicken meat during the period (1985-2013), where the most important variables those affecting were: the domestic production of chic

There is no doubt that Agricultural Policy is the main responsible for the degrading in Agricultural sector in Iraq during the period 2003-2013, and that was very clear from magnitude of indicators because of little sharing of each of agricultural product in GDP  because it was (9.38%) in average during the study period and the annual changing of it was negative (-5.82%), and there is increasing in deficit of trade balance in Agriculture during the study period about (4185.73) million US$, and the percentage of agricultural exports from total exports was (0.14%) in average only. The foreign trade policy in Agricultural products also cannot determine map of Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) of Agricultural products and cro

The objectives of this study are to analyses the impact of price policy on wheat production in Iraq through its efficiency in resource allocation using Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) technique. This study depends basically on primary data collected from a random sample consisted of 115 farms, The sample has been divided into three subclasses, the first one area was less than 50 donum consisted of 64 farms, the second one area was between 50 – 100 donum and consisted of 33 farm, the third one area was more than 100 donum and consisted of 18 farm. The objective of this study is to analyses the impact of price policy on wheat production in Iraq. By estimation of policy analysis matrix elements, revenue transfers, tradable input tran

This  research  was  conducted  in  the  plant  tissue  culture  Lab. College  of Agriculture / University  of  Baghdad  from  February to  October  2015. The aim  of  the  study  was  investigating  the  influence  of  combinations  of Indole  butyric  acid (IBA) ,  Naphthalene  acetic  acid (NAA) and  polyamine Spermidine (Spd.) on rooting of shoots of  citrus volkameriana rootstock cultured  on 1\2  MS medium. The Results indicated that 1/2 MS medium supplemented  with 1.0 mg L^-1 (IBA)  gave the highest  percentage 

This  research  was  conducted  in  the  plant  tissue  culture  Lab. College  of Agriculture / University  of  Baghdad  from  February to  October  2015. The aim  of  the  study  was  investigating  the  influences  of  combinations  of  Naphthalene  acetic  acid (NAA) , Thidiazuron (TDZ) Spermidine  (Spd. ) and 2,4-Dichlorophenoxy  acetic  acid (2,4-D) , Benzyl  adenine (BA) on callus  induction  and  adventitous  shoot  regeneration  originated  from  cotyledon  of  Citrus volkameriana  seeds.

An experiment was carried out at the vegetable fields of Horticulture and Landscaping Design Dep. / College of Agriculture / university of Baghdad / Abu Ghraib on season  2014   to study the effect of spraying boron and Carbo lizer on the productivity and quality of cowpea seeds. Ramshorn c.v. Seeds are sowed on two dates; Spring and summer date. The experiment also includes the use of four concentrations of Boron: 0, 50, 100 and 200 mg. L^-1 Which Symbolized B1,B2,B3 and B4 and three concentrations of Carbo lizer; 0, 1.25 and 2.5 cm³.L^-1 Which Symbolized C1,C2 and C3. The experiment analysis is carried out in accordance to the experimental with in R

An experiment was carried out at the vegetable fields of Horticulture and Landscaping Design Dept. , College of Agriculture / university of Baghdad / Abu Ghraib at season (2014) to study the effect of spraying boron and Carbo lizer on growth and yield of cowpea. (Ramshorn C.v.) Seeds are sown at two dates; Spring and summer date. The experiment also included the use of four concentrations of Boron (B), which were; (0, 50, 100 and 200) mg. L^-1 and  three concentrations of Carbo lizer; (c) (0, 1,25 and 2,5) cm³.L^-1 sprayed at three times; (30, 45 and 60) days after sowing. The experiment analysis is carried out in accordance to the experimental design RCBD and it is adopted in three replacement

The research aimed to know the communicational sources used by agricultural Agent to transfer agricultural information for rice farmers in AL- Abbbassia of Najaf Al- Ashraf province and determine the most important extension means and method used by the agent in his contact with farmers. A questionnaire is designed to collect data included three scales to measure communicational sources (personal methods , collective methods, and mass media methoda ), The research community was farmers associations in AL-Abbassia cultivation section (11) association, The sample was farmers associations (36%) which were ( AL-Sadr, Iraq, Murtatha, and mohamed massa

The objective of this research to determine the knowledge level of the agriculture extension managers in the strategic management, To achieve the aims of this study we used a questionnaire included with a quadrant scale and consists of 75 paragraph for the managers of the middle zone and the executive directors, distributed in 12 sectors ( Concept, the importance, aims, types of strategies, level of strategies, Vision Characteristics, Mission Characteristics , strategic analysis, strategy formulation, strategy application, adjustment of the strategy, role and duties of the strategic manger). A random samples of 50 managers and vice managers have been taken from the middle zone of Iraq (Baghdad, Babylon, Najaf, Karbalaa, Wasit, Dy

This study was carried out in greenhouse Date to palm Research units, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad ( Abu Ghraib ) , seasons 2013 and 2014 to investigate the effect of foliar application organic matter extract and humic acid and their interactions on yield of strawberry plants . The study include 12 treatments , to spray strawberry^'s plant with four levels of organic matter spray included distilled water only (T0) , (1) volume of organic matter extract to volume of distilled water ( 1:1)  (T1) , (2) volume of organic matter extract to volume of distilled water (2:1 ) (T2 ) and (3) volume of organic matter extract volume of distilled water (3:1) (T3), the second factor was three concentrations of hu

Field experiment was carried out during spring seasons of 2015 in AL-Rasheed township southern of Baghdad, Iraq to study the effects of irrigation methods on water content distribution, water use efficiency and yield of corn. Four surface irrigation treatments were used: 100% conventional basin (control), 70% of control treatment basin irrigation,  Conventional furrow and shallow furrow. Water content distribution results showed that shallow furrow irrigation decreased moisture content to 14.7, 18.3 % for 0-10 and 10-20 cm depth respectively, compared to conventional basin irrigation. The result showed that treatments of conventional furrow, shallow furrow and 70% basin irrigation reduced the depth of added water in rate of

This experiment was conducted at the farm of field crop department, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad during two summer seasons (2010 and 2011) in order to know the response of cotton var. Lashata to nitrogen levels and spacing between holes. A randomized complete block design under arrangement of split plot with four replications was used. The plant spacing; 10, 20 and 30 cm between holes and 75 cm between rows considered as main plots, while three nitrogen levels (150, 200 and 250 Kg N.ha^-1) are considered as sub plots. The results showed that using 10 cm between hills were significantly superior in boll weight (3.69 and 4.26) gm.boll^-1, seed cotton yield (3.03 and 3.6) t.ha^-1 and li

Green tea is consider as a natural sources of antioxidants used to treat pathological changes occurring as a result of using of many drugs  particularly in the liver tissue. Forty adult male rabbits were randomly divided into four groups (10 rabbits /group) and were treated daily for 30 days as follows: first group (c): is the control group , second group (T₁) : rabbits in this group were allowed to ad libitum supply of drinking water containing 2.5 gm /kg b.w of green tea extract , Third group (T2):  rabbits in this group received 500 mg/kg b.w. of acetaminophen orally,  fourth group (T₃) : rabbits in this group were allowed