This study was aimed to determine a phytotoxicity experiment with kerosene as a model of a total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPHs) as Kerosene pollutant at different concentrations (1% and 6%) with aeration rate (0 and 1 L/min) and retention time (7, 14, 21, 28 and 42 days), was carried out in a subsurface flow system (SSF) on the Barley wetland. It was noted that greatest elimination 95.7% recorded at 1% kerosene levels and aeration rate 1L / min after a period of 42 days of exposure; whereas it was 47% in the control test without plants. Furthermore, the percent of elimination efficiencies of hydrocarbons from the soil was ranged between 34.155%-95.7% for all TPHs (Kerosene) concentrations at aerati

The study was aimed to develop above ground biomass(AGB) and its component models for an individual tree and stand of Quercus aegilops The benefits of this study are to know the amount of forest biomass to help us to estimate the amount of the lost or emitted carbon during deforestation and will give a clear idea of the forest capacity in capturing and storing carbon C in the forest ecosystem.. The study was conducted in six locations in the northeastern Duhok province in Kurdistan region of Iraq. Twenty-one trees were selected according to their diameter classes and felled to measure fresh weight (FW) and dry weight (DW) from different organs, including (stem, branches, leaves, and whole tree). In addition to, all trees

A field experiment was conducted in Alshakha area in Alexandria region in 2013, which lies 50 km south of Baghdad province, in order to evaluate the performance of the modified moldboard plow and its effect on some technical indicators of machinery unit percentage of slip, pulling power practice productivity and the size of disturbed soil. complete randomized  block design and split plot design was used tillage depth included  15, 20 and 25 cm, levels with machinery speed included 2.6 and 3.6 km / h which represented sub plot ,were shaded in this study. The result were shoved that the lowest percentage of slippage  and less pulling power and less a matter of the size of the soil and the highest productivity process

A field experiment was condueted at the experimental Farm, College of Agriculture University of AL-Anbar in replace location (Abu-Gheaib) in spring season of 2017. While in Fall season it was applied at AL-saqluwiya-Anbar Province 10 km west north of Falluga city to study the effect of four levels of licorice extractor (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) (0,2,4 and 6) g.L^-1 water and three (53,333, 66,666 and 88,888 plant) plant.ha^-1. On growth and grain yield of Sorghum cv. Rabih. The experiment was applied using R.C.B.D. arranged in split plots with three replications. levels of plant densities were used as main-plot, while licorice extractor were used as sub-plot. Foliar application of licorice extractor was

Hybrid vigour is one of the most important phenomena became in practice all over the world for its higher performance in maize and several other genera of crops, vegetables, and fruit crops. There is no single theory explains this phenomenon. The only general rule known about having hybrid vigour is that crossing between two genetically diversed inbreds. Epigenomics is thought to be involved in hybrid vigour. However, exact timing of maternal and paternal genomes after fertilization of the endosperm is still not totally understood. It is still believed that the ratio of maternal to paternal gene expression through endosperm development is 2m:1p. The diverged methylation level of the crossed inbreds could be involved in hybrids of

A field experiment was conducted at the experimental farm, College of Agriculture, Abu-Ghraib, Baghdad, Iraq during the period from mid. of March 2012 to mid. of July 2014 to investigate the effects of plant growth regulators and foliar application stages on ovules abortion, seed set and its germination of two alfalfa cultivars. Layout of the experiment was R.C.B.D. arranged in split-split plot with three replications. Cultivars (local and hamedan) were assigned as a main plot and foliar application stages (vegetative growth, flower buds emergence, 50% flowering and 80% flowering) were assigned as sub-plots, while growth regulators (Alar, Ethephon, Naphthalene acetic acid(NAA) and control treatment) were assigned in the sub-sub-p

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of zinc in dose 15mg/kg.bw daily  taken by the mouth and dexamethasone 4mgIkg.Bw by injection for 30days on some hematological biochemical tests and some histological changes of liver spleen in male rabbits. Thirty rabbits were used that divided into 3 randomized groups (each group contain 10 male rabbits ). Control group was taken normal food and water, Zinc group that gave zinc at dose of 15mg/kg.BW/daily/oral on 1, 2, 3, 4 weeks. Dexamethasone with zinc group : Employ dexamethasone 4mg/Kg.Bw . I.M dialy for 1 and 2 weeks for experiment and at  3, 4^th weeks they gave zn 15mg/lKg.Bw day/orally. Blood samples were taken from the heart directly in 2 and 4weeks

The aim of this research is to identify agricultural  loans reality of rural woman in the field Agricultural Initiation in  Babylon, Holy Karbala for the period  2010- 2014 and level Benefit from it; and to determine problems of rural woman Borrowers. Data were collected from 100 rural woman Borrowers was about 14.3 from 700 rural woman during 25- 2-2015 unite l0- 4-2015 through questionnaire and interview. The four dimensional standard has been used to measure the degree of Benefit from it of rural woman from Agricultural Initiation, That included 22articlesd distributed on5 axes. The results showed that  Averages of agricultural  loans in 2010- 2014 is 4.85 M.ID /year

A pot experiment was conducted at Baghdad site for organic fertilizer  preparation  Plant Protection Directorate during summer of 2014-2015, using sandy Loam texture soil to study the effect of bacterial bio-fertilizer ( Azotobacter  chroococcum  and  Pseudomonas   fluorescens ) and  Compost  on  growth  and  nutrients  content  of  tomato  plants    "Super  queen". Eight treatments were used included  (Control , Azotobacter , pseudomonas, Azotobacter+ psuedomonas , Compost , Azotobacter + Compost  ,  Compost+  psuedomonas , Azotobacter +  psuedomonas + Compost). Complete  Randomized&

The present study was aimed to investigate the possibility of titanium oxide nanoparticles to enhance the production of both prodigiosin by Serratia marcescens and phenazine by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Moreover; the poor non-selective nutrient broth was used instead of using the selective nutrient broth for the production of both compounds to reduce the economic cost for production. Different concentrations of titanium oxide nanoparticles (0.005, 0.01, 0.015 mg/L) were used in this study to choose the most suitable concentrations to increase production. Both prodigiosin and phenazine were considered promising drugs for t

Laboratory studies was conducted in Biocontrol unit- Faculty of Agriculture- University of Baghdad in order to determine the impact of different temperatures  15,  20,  25, 30 and 35 ±2 C°  on the development and growth rate of  different stages of mealy bug P.citri. The results showed that the total developmental time from (egg - adult)of the mealy bug were  24.0, 28.08, 39.67 and 73.31 days  respectively. With significant rearing differences on temperatures 15, 20, 25 and 30 ±2  C°  respectively, while no development and growth rate on temperature  35±C°.

This study was aimed to investigate the extent the land to productive due to the fact that climatic changes and the increase in population growth are reasons that led to an increase in the demand for food, especially in developing countries. Therefore, a scientific way must assess the suitability of lands for growing crops. This research aims to provide an integrated approach to the process of analyzing the suitability of agricultural lands for crop growth. Rice in the Al-Mishkhab region of Al-Najaf Governorate using the analytical hierarchy model AHP and compared with the method of (Sys, 1993) and the actual production in the field, 12 soil parameters were determined (electrical conductivity, soil interaction, cation exchange ca

Antibiotic residues in food are accelerate the development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria, transfer of antibiotic-resistant bacteria to humans, cause allergies (penicillin), and cancers. This study was designed to investigate the risk factors of some antibiotic residue in imported red meat at Baghdad markets, their reference values, and their impact on genotoxicity and DNA damage in human cells.Atotalof144 meat samples were collected from January to July 2022.The results showed that the overall contamination percentage was35.4%. Buffalo meat showed the lowest contamination percentage 15% whereas the minced beef showed the highest (94.5%) (OR=402.33).Tetracycline residues detected in 42.8% of samples with significant risk (P

This  study was aimed  to investigate the effect of kaolin on growth and clinical signs in Cyprinus carpio exposed to copper sulphate. For this rationale, six treatment groups with two replicates were used in this experiment as follows: C- served as control negative group without exposed to kaolin or CuSO₄; C+ served as control positive group was exposed to 0.91mg/l CuSO₄   only; T1, T2, T3 and T4 were subjected to 0.91mg/l of CuSO₄ and kaolin was added to them at levels of 2, 4, 6 and 8 g/l respectively. Result findings reveal a positive relationship of the mean total weight gain amon

A field experiment was carried out at the experimental field in the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, Iraq from beginning of October 2020 to the end of August 2021. The main objective was to find out the effect of Molybdenum (Mo) concentrations (0, 20, 40 and 60 mg L^-1 ) and three stages of foliar application (vegetative growth, flowers buds appearance and 25 % blooming ) on seed yield and it’s component of alfalfa local variety. layout of the experiment was R. C. B. D. arranged in split-plot, with three replicates. Spraying stages were used as main-plots. while Mol

This study  was aimed recording the prevalence rates of the Cryptosporidium spp. and identify its species in buffalo at Babylon province by using microscopic (flotation and staining) and molecular technique to examined (100) buffalo fecal samples collected randomly from different sexes, ages, and regions, during the period from the beginning of October 2019, to end of March 2020. The percentage of infection with the Cryptosporidiosis was 40% by using the microscopic method, while, nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) technique showed the infection rate was 61%, and according to age groups, recorded higher infection 77.5% at (≤6) months age group, followed by age group (>6 -1

Bacterial vaginosis, also known as BV, is a condition that is frequently associated with vaginal inflammation and can be caused by changes in the bacterial composition of the vaginal microbiome. It is the most common vaginal infection among women of reproductive age. The goal of this study is to determine the antibiotic resistance and the role of some virulence genes of E. coli isolates in the vaginosis of non-pregnant women (16–45 years old) as well as the stool of the same patient. A total of 160 samples were collected (130 vaginal swab samples and 30 samples from the stool). All isolates have been identified by MacConkey and Eosin methylene blue media, biochemical tests, and PCR detection of the UidA g

الهدف من هذه الدراسة هو استخدام منهجية سطح الاستجابة (RSM) لتقييم تاثير الظروف التجريبية المختلفة على أزاله ليفوفلوكساسين (LVX) من المحاليل المائية عن طريق تقنيه التكتل الكهربائي (EC) مع اقطاب الفولاذ المقاوم للصدا. تم تحقيق عمليه التكتل الكهربائي بنجاح مع كفاءه أزاله 90 ٪. وفقا للنتائج التي تم الحصول عليها من تحليل الانحدار ، ويبين ان البيانات

هدف البحث الى استخدام نماذج الاستجابة النوعية لقياس كفاءة مزارع الرز وشمل المسح الميداني ثلاث أقضية في محافظة النجف (المشخاب، الحيرة، المناذرة) للموسم الزراعي 2017 ولعينة عشوائية بلغت 80 مزرعة (7.5 % من مجوع المزارع الكلية في المحافظة). تحقيقا لاهداف البحث قسمت مرحلة التحليل الى مرحلتين الاولى هي قياس الكفاءة الاقتصادية  وفق التوجي

The research aims to measure the economic efficiency and technological change and the total productivity of resources using the parameter and non-parameter methods, for agricultural companies registered in the Iraqi stock exchange, the number of 6 companies for the period from 2005 to 2017 based on the hypothesis that the  agricultural companies do not achieve economic efficiency and does not control the management of its operations, and It may be technically efficient but the size of its operations is not optimal. From non-parametric methods, the data envelope analysis method was used. Using the DEAP program, the Middle East Company achieved the highest average technical and cost efficiency of 0.62 and 0.58, respectively. T

This study was conducted to compare between two types of opportunistic fungi (Aspergillus fumigatus and Penicillium chrysogenum) in concerning their pathogenicity after intraperitoneal inoculation of mice. A total of twenty four male albino mice were used in this study which divided equally into 3 groups, The first and second groups were inoculated with 0.2ml of 1x 10⁷spores/ml of A. fumigatus and P. chrysogenum  intraperitonially respectively, while the third group was inoculated with normal saline which served as control group. All animals wer

This study aimed to highlight the prevalence of the seasonal influenza in the different Iraqi provinces during 2018 year to study the epidemiological aspects, and their effect on the  frequency of disease and death cases caused by influenza virus. A total of 1359 throat and nasal swabs was collected from individuals suffering from influenza like illness (ILI) or severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) for testing influenza virus type A (H1N1 and H3N2) and type B. RNA extracted and amplification with specific primers and probes. Results showed the incidence rate of flu A 16.7 (227/1359) and 4.7 of flu B per 100000 people-year that included 14.9 for H1N1, 1.5 for H3N2 and th

The needs of Artemia cysts in Indonesia currently reach ± ​​150 tons / year and all of them are from the imports, so it can become an obstacle in process of hatching fish and shrimp in the future. Increased Culture activities have an impact on increasing fisheries waste production, including fish feces. Fish feces have been proven to be used for the Culture of Moina macrocopa, but have not been tested for the production for ephipia M. macrocopa. This study aims to examine the use of fish aquaculture/feces as feed for the quality and quality of ephipia M. macrocopa. The treatment in this study was the concentration of suspension of tilapia feces 55 mg / L, 64 mg / L, and 73 mg / L and using

The aim of this experiment was to study the effect of replacing treated and untreated rice impurities with urea, with or without acetic acid on the digestibility and performance of Awassi lambs. Twenty-four Awassi male lambs, aged 3-4 months with an initial weight 25.08 ± 0.64kg were divided into six treatments in a 2×3 factorial experiment/ Completely Randomized Design. Experiment period was 56 days, 14/3/2022 to 9/5/2022, preceded by 10 days as an adaptation period. Individual feeding was conducted. All animals fed on three levels of rice impurities treated with urea (0, 50,100%) without acetic acid (T1, T2, T3) and with 1% acetic acid (T4, T5, T6) respectively. The results showed a highly increase (P<0.01) of dry matter a

As a result of different quality standards for irrigation water and the varying ion composition, and the fact that classification of irrigation water consists of large and complex data, this study was conducted in order to find a way for combining the complex water quality data into a single value, a quality of irrigation water index (IWQI) which reflects the suitability of the water quality for irrigation. Irrigation water quality variables were divided into five groups according to Food and Agriculture Organization FAO guide. The order of the parameters were, Salinity expressed in electrical conductivity (EC), Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), Toxicity of specific ions (boron, chloride, sodium, Toxic trace elements and Miscellaneo

This experiment was carried out at the fields of the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Gardening, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad, during the spring season of 2015 to study the effect of nitrogen fixing bacterial bio-fertilizers including Rhizobium phaseoli, Azotobacter  chroococcum, and Azospirillum brasilense and molybdenum on growth and yield of green beans. The experiment was conducted according to the randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications each included 11 treatments represent the interactions between nitrogen fixing bacteria strains, molybdenum solo application, molybdenum and bacteria strains interactions, in addition to the recommended nitrogen

A field experiment was carried out at the Horticulture Dept. Fild– Coll. Agric,University of Baghdad , to study the response of  red cabbage to the adding  wheat peat  and spraying its extract and organic nutrient vegeamino on qualitative characteristics of  heads , using Raissa hybrid , during winter season of  2015-2016 . Afactorial experiment using Randomized Complete Block Design(RCBD) with threere plicaes were canducted , The  First fatcor includes five levels of  fertilizers , wethout-fertilizer (P0) , recommended chemical fertilizer ( 100 N ,120P205and120K2O  kg . h ^-1

This study aimed to determine the contribution of women in diversifying sources of farm income, thereby improving the standard of living of the rural family, through their work in various primary and secondary agricultural production activities. Rural women in Iraq constitute a large part of the family's farm work. In addition to her paid work on other farms. Despite the significant role of rural women's contribution to production processes. However, the percentage of their participation in some agricultural operations is less than that of men due to their limited control over production and marketing decisions. This is reflected negatively in their ability to generate income. The research used cross-sectional data for a random s

A study was conducted to investigate the most sensitive, early, and precise methods for detecting pregnancy in Iraqi She-camels using plasma progesterone levels, ultrasonography, and rectal palpation techniques. The study involved twelve multiparous, non-lactating one-humped She-camels.The sensitivity of plasma progesterone for diagnosing pregnant She-camels decreased (P ≤ 0.01) from 100% at day 20 post-mating (PM) to 80% during subsequent periods. Conversely, the specificity for diagnosing non-pregnant She-camels increased (P ≤ 0.01) from 71.4% at day 20 PM to 85.7% at day 30 PM, reaching 100% at days 40, 50, and 60 PM. The sensitivity for diagnosing pregnant she-camels using ultrasonography was 100% on day 20 post-mating (P

This research investigates the biochemical profile, antioxidant properties, and antigenotoxic activity of red seaweed (Gracilaria sp.) extract on micronuclei formation in peripheral blood erythrocytes of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) exposed to a methomyl-based pesticide. Results revealed a diverse phytochemical profile in the red seaweed extract, with the presence of alkaloids, triterpenoids, steroids, tannins, coumarins, terpenoids, quinine, phytosteroids, flavonoids, and phlobtannins. GC-MS analysis identified compounds such as Heptadecane, Neophytadine, Hexadecanoic acid, Oleic acid, and Adipic acid in the sample. The antioxidant