A cross-sectional study was conducted on 80 type 2 diabetic patients aged 20-60 years in Baghdad and 20 non diabetic persons as controls. Laboratory assessment of glucose related parameters; Fasting blood sugar (FBS), Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), Insulin and Insulin resistance (IR), renal function test; Blood urea, serum creatinine, Calcium (Ca) and Phosphorus (P), Calcium regulating hormones; Parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcitonin and vitamin D, cytokines, Adiponectin and Tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and comparison these parameters between patients and controls. The results: a high significant (p˂0.01) increase in FBG level in the patients (211.34 ± 11.20 mg/dl) as compared with control (85.8

This research was conducted in order to study the effect of explant type and some plant growth regulators on culture initiation of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni in vitro. The experiments included surface sterilization and test two types of explants (shoot tips and stem nodes) and the impact of KIN and BA and IAA and IBA in the cultures initiation. Results revealed the efficiency of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) for disinfestation of explant at 0.050% concentration giving less contamination for shoot tips and stem nods (10% and 20% respectively). Results showed that shoot tips inoculated in MS medium plus KIN at 0.3 mg. L^-1

This study was conducted to investigate the early detection of date palm gender, the current study was conducted using some DNA markers technology using Bulk Segregant Analysis (BSA) and three molecular markers including Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPDs), and Cleaved Amplified Polymorphic Sequence (CAPS) and Nested PCR. Results showed that RAPD primers used cleared different banding pattern. Fifty primers showed monomorphic bands while ten showed polymorphic bands for the two balks Males (MB) and females (FM). These primers showed 626 total bands in which 41 of them was polymorphic (6.54% polymorphism). OPD.10 primer gave the highest number of bands reached 118 bands and was the highest efficiency (18.85%). While the pri

Present study delts with morphological and vegetative shoot apex characteristics of two species  Echinops armatus and E.cephalotes (compositae) which collected during trips field to the northern areas of Iraq in the seasons of growth 2012-2014. As it presents the results and characters  had been shown for the first time in Iraq. plant species are perennial herbs spinous with woody, strong and solid stems that covered with many types of indumentums like spines and hairs, the study included characters of stems, leaves, involucres bracts and inflorescences as well as characters of growing points of the two species, and by examining buds in inflorescences found that the flowers are hermaphrodite, not steri

The aim of this study was to evaluate efficiency of some biological agents to reduce charcoal rot of Cantaloupe which is caused by Macrophomina  phaseolina  under wooden canopy and to detect activity of inducer  agents through Peroxidase enzyme, phenols and chlorophyll contents. Results obtained under Wooden canopy, treatment of combination between T.viride and B.subtilis was superior on other treatments. The disease percentage and disease severity were (0.0), (0.0)% respectively compared to control treatment (pathogen) 88.3 and 76.6% respectively. However treatment of integration between T.viride

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of using alcoholic extract of yangadnia leaves on some bacterial strain Salmonella typhimiurum, E.coli  and  staphylococcus aures  in 200, 100, 50 and 25 mg/ml concentration using digging method. Minced cow meat 200 mg/ml   was mixed with yangdina extract and stored for 0,2,4 day at 4 C and tested for chemical and biological characteristics. The ruselts showed that the best concetration of inhibition was 200mg/ml and the inhibition zone diameters were 26, 19, 15 mm for S. aures, S. typhimiurm    and E .coli  respectively. In respect to Effect of extract in minced cow the ruselts sho

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of using alcoholic extract of yangadnia leaves on some bacterial strain Salmonella typhimiurum, E.coli  and  staphylococcus aures  in 200, 100, 50 and 25 mg/ml concentration using digging method. Minced cow meat 200 mg/ml   was mixed with yangdina extract and stored for 0,2,4 day at 4 C and tested for chemical and biological characteristics. The ruselts showed that the best concetration of inhibition was 200mg/ml and the inhibition zone diameters were 26, 19, 15 mm for S. aures, S. typhimiurm    and E .coli  respectively. In respect to Effect of extract in minced cow the ruselts sho

The aim of this study is to evaluate the water quality of Tigris river by measuring the physicochemical parameters of the river within Baghdad city in Iraq from the period of February 2017 to February 2018. Four sites were selected from upreach, reach and downreach. Temperature of air and water, pH, electrical conductivity, salinity and water flow were measured in the field, While, the laboratory measurements included total dissolved substances (TDS), total suspended substances (TSS), turbidity, nutrients (nitrite, nitrate and phosphate), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved oxygen (DO), organic matter and total organic carbon (TOC), these parameters were used to indicate the p

The objective of this study to investigating and predicting the hazardous effects of monthly Ferrin temperature on horticultural and agricultural products at the North bar of Iran. For this purpose, the first stage data were obtained for the whole station temperature over a period of 30 years. Then, using Anfis adaptive neural network model, the data were analyzed for prediction and prediction for the next 6 years. Then, to measure the land suitability of Iran's northern strip for cultivating based on the predicted data, two models of Vikor and Topsis were used. Both the Topsis and Vikor multivariate decision making models combined the minimum temperature of the stations well, but did not reflect well at the maxi

In this study phytic acid (PA) extracted from defatted sesame oil cake using three different solutions              (distilled water , HCl 0.5 M , TCA 3% ) , then it was purified by removing of protein and minerals, and tested for the prevention of  browning in apple slices and color degradation of anthocyanin solution during storage time at room temperature(25°C).  The antioxidant activities of irradiated and non- irradiated phytic acid were tested on DPPH radical. The results revealed that the highest phytic acid percentage was observed with TCA 3% after 6 hr extraction  with (2:100 w/v) solid: liquid ratio, and the lowest values w

This paper reports the results of X-ray diffraction mineralogical and Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) studies of the shale units in the Devonian-early Carboniferous Kaista and Ora formations from northern Iraq. The mineral composition is uniform throughout the studied succession, kaolinite, illite, chlorite, and palygorskite form the main clay mineral assemblage while quartz, feldspar, calcite and dolomite form the non-clay fraction of the studied shales. Kaolinite dominates over illite in the Kaista shale, whereas, illite and chlorite with common palygorskite dominate over kaolinite in the Ora shale. The clay mineral assemblage is largely of detrital origin and indicates rather cool and/or dry climatic conditions favouring m

The article presents the results of introgression of valuable genes from wild and cultivated species of Solanum and varieties of the world collection (CIP) to selection varieties in the production of backcross hybrids, selection of recombinants in backcross generations and in offspring from crossbred crosses among themselves, as well as special parent lines for implementation of programs in various areas of potato breeding. Studies were conducted to determine the effectiveness of different types of crossing during backcrossing in the frequency of occurrence of recombinant forms with high rates of polygenic traits in the hybrid progeny. Hybrids-backcrosses for immunity to virus Y, field resistance to late blight and resis

This experiment was carried out at greenhouse in Centre of Biotechnology Researches/ University of Nahrin using soil clay loam texture, soil was in pots closed to study the effect of different salinity levels on detection TaSOS4 gene and yield traits in some bread wheat genotypes (Triticum aestivum L.).Wheat seeds were planted in Nov. 2016 with ten seeds in each pot. a factorial experiments within Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications was used and Four levels of salinity (4, 8 , 12 and 16 ds.m^-1) with four genotypes (G1:Iraq, G2: 2H ,G3: 3H and G4: Hussein). The result showed non-significant differences among genotypes under first salinity levels (4 ds.m^-1

Fifteen Awassi male lambs were randomly distributed to five groups and fed ad libitum roughages: hydroponics barley and/or green alfalfa with different levels, 0: 100, 25: 75, 50: 50, 75: 25 and 100: 0% as roughage experimental diets T₁, T₂, T₃, T₄, T₅ to study in-vitro and apparent digestibility, rumen fermentations and total rumen bacteria using completely randomized design. Initial weight of replicates were 21.73 kg ± 4.17 kg and 3-4 months old. Concentrate fed at 3% of live body weight based on dry matter basis. Results showed: No differences for in-vitro digestibility, while there were significant increases (p<0.05) for total digestible nut

This experiment was carried out  at a private palm farm located in Great Musayib enacted / Babylon province on Barhi dates palm trees Phoenix dactylifera L. cultivar to determine the effect of spraying of chitosan and addition of both organic fertilizers and amino acids and seaweed extract in some vegetative traits (number of leaves,  the circumference of the trunk and offshoots number)  and leaves content (chlorophyll , dry weight and Proline) by spraying the chitosan at concentrations of 5 ml. l^-1  and 10 ml.L ^-1 and the addition of both organic fertilizer and amino acids and seaweed extract at concentrations (1, 2) kg.tree ^-1 and (3 , 6) ml . L ^{- 1} and (4

Amphibians cutaneous glands spread over the skin which contain different bioactive substances. So, the aim of this study is to study the effects of frog skin secretions on parasites and pathogenic bacterial isolates. Five adult frogs (Rana ridibunda) from AL-Jadria streams in Baghdad used in this study. The frogs were stimulated by single intraperitoneal injection of norepinephrine-HCl (40ng/gm) body weight. Frogs skin glands secreted bioactive substances then washed .The washing solution was centrifuged, lyophilized and re-suspended and sterilized. The  result  of  the study  revealed that the concentration (500mg/ml) inhibited bacterial growth so as Staphylococcus aureus,

Wheat is an important economic crop, various development projects adopted by the government to improve the level of production of all crops Despite the efforts to increase the production of grain crops, especially the wheat, the total production is still insufficient to meet the growing consumption needs, which led to widening of the food gap in addition to the increase in population and the increasing demand for food.The aim of this research is to Forecasting food gap and production of wheat in Iraq, Box-Jenkins one of forecasting method used to forecast production and food gap of wheat. Statistical programs Minitab and SPSS used to analyses data. The best method for Forecasting wheat production for the period 2

This study was conducted to evaluate the physicochemical and biological (epiphytic algae) properties of Diyala river. Eighteen environmental parameters were selected in addition to the qualitative study of epiphytic algae (total number of algae and chlorophyll a). Two macrophytes (Phragmites australis and Certatophyllum demersum) were selected for the benthic study. The results showed that the river was alkaline, very hard, brackish water and good aerated. The trophic level is ranged from oligotrophic to mesotrophic according to the results of total phosphorus, total nitrogen, and chlorophyll a.  The study revealed that the upper part of the river differed in its properties from the middle and the lower par

A total of seventy adult common frogs [sixty infected (85.71%) and ten healthy (14.29%) specimens], were collected from different areas of Baghdad city in more than one locations such as (agriculture lands, river banks, home gardens, ponds, streams and shoel water) from the beginning of September 2016 to the end of  March 2017 and examined for parasites, in the aim to study and isolate any parasitic infection from intestine, blood and  effect of these parasites on blood, intestine and liver in common frogs. Thus resulting in Opalina sp. 17(28.33%), Nematodes (Strongloides stercoralis) 14(23.33%), Balantidium sp. 14(23.33%), (Opalina Sp. & Nematodes) 7(11.66%) and Hepatozoon

 The article discusses the distribution of financial resources with a preference   for land assets and production of deep processed products with the highest added value, which simultaneously increases the incomes of producers and improves government revenues by increasing tax receipts. It is noted that the progressive development of agriculture depends on the technical modernization of the industry, which also requires investment. Therefore, it is necessary to subsidize the modernization and reconstruction of fixed assets - granaries, greenhouses. Potential profit, which will become an important component of investment, can give a boost to the investment activity. An analysis was carried out on the conceptual foun

The agricultural sector is most subject to the influence of risk factors. This might be explained by the fact that the efficiency and the output of agricultural production depends not only on invested labor and funds, but also on climatic, weather, environmental conditions, natural disasters. In this regard, the development of theoretical foundations of operational risk management in agriculture is highly relevant. The objective of our study was to develop measures to improve the methods of risk assessment and operational risk management at the level of agricultural enterprises, taking into account the requirements of environmental management and environmental protection. The article discusses the conditions and features of agric

The present study was carried out to isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from the genital tract of some farm animals in Baghdad city to study the genetic and the ability of these isolates to produce phenazine pigment. For this purpose 240 vaginal and uterine samples were taken from 20 cows, 20 ewes and 20 goats postpartum. The result refer to that 203 samples gave positive bacterial growth. Distributed as follows 54 cows, 73 ewes and 76 goats. Depending on cultural, microscopic and biochemical characteristics, 17 isolates of P. aeruginosa were obtained. Addition to using differential and selective media to study the ability of these isolates to produce pyocyanin pigment. The results showed that all of P. aerug

 The efficacies of four insecticides with two different formulations liquid and solid viz; two as foliar sprays, Match 050 EC (lufenuron) and Icaros 1.8% EC (abamectin) as well as soil drench of Actara 25% WG (thiamethoxam) and Furadan 10% G (carbofuran) to control citrus leafminer (CLM) in orange orchard located in River Nile State during winter seasons 2015and 2016. The experiment was assigned in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. At each year two foliar and soil drench insecticidal were applied one time in late January. CLM larval counts were recorded at 3, 7, 14 and 21 days after treatment (DAT). Results showed that regardless the agricultural season and the time of all tested insecticidal

A new species of the scorpions Compsobuthus iraqensis sp.nov ,  was described for the first time in Iraq and  world which is collected  from Salahuddin governorate  in Iraq .This species are characterized by pedipalps and chela are very thin and very long,the sixth segments of metasoma are very tall and less in width.The  body color and legs are yellowish except the end of acelus is radish ,the total length between 26-40 mm, and the rows of granules on the movable finger of pedipalp  have 10 rows,The Compsobuthus. iraqensis sp. nov. is almost similar to the species Compsobuthus. persicus,(11) from Iran, which it differed  by some characters ,

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of different gestation periods on hematological and biochemical profile of Iraqi female camel. The study was done at the College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Fallujah during the period from August, 1 to July, 11, 2013.  The experiment included 12 (6 pregnant and 6 non-pregnant), Iraqi female camels. Blood samples were collected at days 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 post-mating (PM). The blood samples for hematological, biochemical and plasma minerals assay. ESR and eosinophils were showed no significant different (P≤0.05) during different gestation period. Excluding data for cholesterol, HDL and LDL,

Six different bacterial and fungal isolates included Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus sp., Candida sp., Klaveromyces sp.,  Aspergillus sp. and Streptomyces sp. were tested to produce laccase enzyme by using submerged fermentation, Streptomyces sp., Candida sp., and Pseudomonas sp. were chosen as being the heaviest in terms of enzyme production, and were tested for laccase production by solid state fermentation using different supports such as a solid media including sawdust with 0.06% xylene, sawdust and bran mixture (2:1) with 0.06% xylene. By using a

A field experiment was carried out at the fields of Al- Husseiniya District, Taliaa Township, Babylon Governorate, to study the response of the Jerusalem artichoke to foliar application of  micro nutrients nano-fertilizes of Nano Iron, Zinc, Copper ,and Manganese foliar applied at 25, 50, 75 and 100 g nano-fertilizer 100 L^-1 water, and 1 kg naonfertilizers ha^-1(as recommended) dissolved in  400 liters of solution ha^-1.The experiment included single , di, tri and tetra combinations, as well as a tetra combination of a traditional source, in addition to control(distil water only) using RCBD with 3 replicates . Growth parameters tested were chlorophyll SPAD, dry matter yield of vegetative,

This study was carried out at the experimental field, College of Agriculture, University of Duhok, during 2013- 2015, using six genotypes of pea. The objective of this experiment to investigate heterosis and several genetic parameters by using full diallel cross. The results revealed that general combining ability were significant in all studied traits except No. of grain pod^-1, also special combining ability and reciprocal were significant in all traits at probability 5%.

This study was aimed to  detect and analysis of mutL gene from Pseudomonas aeruginosa in UTI patients .Two hundred midstream urine specimens were collected from UTI patients. Laboratory diagnosis carried out depend on morphological and biochemical tests and confirmed by using VITEK- 2 Compact system. The results showed twenty isolates of  Pseudomonas aeruginosa from two hundred urine specimens in percentage (10%). Genome extracted from all twenty isolates by specific kit , then amplification of mutL gene in PCR by specific primers. Sequencing process

The Maintaining the temperature system for fuel diesel engine by mathematical modeling. Thermal control of fuel with objective of this research, Peltier thermal application and paraffin-based thermal batteries. A fuel system thermometer is assembled in the diesel engine and thermal controller. A thermal model for thermal control of fuel has been developed in the diesel engine. Mathematical model is a system of differential equations. The use of controller for thermal control system of fuel and engine oil depending on the software obtained by approximating the graphical solution of the system allow to maintain the temperature with a error of ± 3 ° C for fuel and engine oil, which corresponds to the values ​​obtained experime