This study was carried out in vitro to investigate the effect of addition of different levels of dates honey (DH) as soluble carbohydrates (WSC) and urea on fermentation quality and nutritive value of corn cobs silages (CCS). CC was ensiled with 4 levels of DH, 4, 6, 8 or 10% and 3 levels of urea 0, 1.5 or 3%. CCS samples were packed in double layer nylon bags and kept anaerobically for 60 days. Results revealed that color of CCS samples were ranged between yellow and brown. Smell of diluted vinegar was detected in samples made with addition of DH only, whereas, those made with addition of low and high levels of urea were characterized with smell of diluted and concentrated ammonia respectively. Increasing DH level from 4 to 10%

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of high concentration of Mentha spicata on liver tissues. Fourteen mature male albino mice were used in this study and divided into two groups. Control group received 1 ml normal saline daily for 7days through oro- gastric tube. The remained animals received 1ml of aqueous extract of Mentha spicata daily for 7 days through oro-gastric tube. At the end of experiment, all animals were dissected. Liver Samples were fixed in 10% buffered formalin and embedded in paraffin. Sections were prepared and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The slides were examined macroscopically. The results showed that coagulative degeneration, degeneration of hepatocy

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of using functional feed additives on egg production, hatchability and hematological traits of Japanese quails under hot weather condition. A total of 288 a day old of Japanese quail were allocated to six treatments with three replicates containing T0: control, T1: Optifeed® 500g/ton feed, T2: Oleobiotec®100g/ton feed, T3: Force®6 100g/ton, T4: VêO® premium 250 g/ton feed and T5: mixing of (Optifeed® 250g + Oleobiotec® 50g+ Force®6 (50 g)+VêO® premium 125 g

This research was conducted during the growing season 2015 - 2016 to investigate the response of 2 year's old transplants of “Othmani” pear cultivar budded on Calleryana root stock to foliar application with licorice root extract at four levels 0 (Li₀), 2.5 g.L^-1 (Li_2.5), 5 g.L^-1  (Li₅) and 10 g.L^-1 (Li₁₀) and garlic extract at four levels, 0 (GA₀), 5ml.L^-1 (GA₅), 10ml.L^-1 (GA₁₀) and 20ml.L^-1 (GA₂₀) and their interaction in leaves mineral and hormonal c

This research aims to estimate production functions through which production relations, possibilities for production elements substitution, measurement of its substitution elasticity, and efficiency and distribution coefficients can be analyzed. This would be done through estimation of constant elasticity of substitution production function for agricultural companies in Iraq depending on data from Iraqi Stock Exchange reports of 2005-2016. The researcher had used panel data model and estimated its three models: the Pooled Regression Model (PRM), the Fixed Effect Model (FEM) and the Random Effect Model (REM). A comparison was made for theses three models using F, LM, Husman tests. Tests show that Fixed Effect Model (FEM) is the be

This research aims to identify the productive relationship nature among the elements used in the agricultural companies by estimating the translog cost function. It also aims to recognize the possibility of substituting these elements with each other, to identify the nature of revenues, and economies scale through elasticity of other cost. This research goes further to define the typical use of resources, identify the performance of the companies and their contribution in controlling their cost, and estimating elasticity of substitution (Allen-Uzawa), (Morishima).  The translog cost function was estimated so as the total cost of the agricultural companies is a function of the prices of production and production quantity outp

This study was carried out using 94 ewes at Erbil plain - Kurdistan region-Iraq, during the period from May 2016 to April 2017. The overall mean mortality rates from birth to 7 days and from 8 days to weaning age were 8.6 and 6.6%, respectively. Age of dam, type of birth, weight of the dam at matting, Body Condition Score (BCS) and birth weight had an important significant (P<0.05) impact on lamb mortality from birth to 7 days and from 8 days to weaning age. This research revealed  that a higher  lamb  mortality (4.2%) was registered for  dams aged  2 years, while a  lower mortality(6.6%) was found in dams aged 5-6 years, no significant differences in mortality among males and females were appeare

The objective of this study to investigate  meat production by steers of different genotypes. In order to study the productivity of Simmental and black and white Simmental x Holstein cross bred, steers, six groups of bull-calves with 15 animals each, were formed. The first group consisted of Simmental steers, the second group (3/8) blooded, the third group (1/2) blooded, the fourth group (5/8) blooded, the fifth group (3/4) blooded  and the sixth group (7/8)  blooded Holstein steers respectively. Under the same conditions of feeding and maintenance purebred Simmental animals grow more intensively. At 18-months of age they exceed (3/8) Holstein blooded bull calves by 6.2 kg, half blooded by 16.5 kg, (5/8) blooded by

The objective of this experiment was to estimate the antioxidant actitivity of the plant  Capparis spinosa leaves were collected during (April- Sept,2017) from Baghdad. Water and alcohol extracts were prepared from them and more methods were used to estimate the antioxidant efficacy, the iron binding method, The hydrolysis of hydroxide peroxide and the effect of free radical inhibiting. The water extract of alkaline leaves for April and May samples was characterized by the correlation of iron ion (97.8 and 98.1%) respectively, as well as the alcoholic extract of the April,June,July (89.47, 95.5 and 96.9%) respectively at  same concentration of 10 mg / ml, these samples were superior to EDTA-Na and citric acid w

The objective of this study was to investigate effect of wheat germ extraction on the   fermented milk products, which prepared using single and two types of mixed cultures of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus plantarum, ready premixed and 1: 1 mixture with inoculation of 5% in reconstituted skimmed milk 12% TS Which reinforced with different concentrations of wheat germ extracts 0, 5, 10 and 15% for treatments (T1, T2, T3 and T4)  respectively. The results showed that the height of the viscosity of all the products increased by the percentage of added wheat germ extract. The best treatment (10%) of T3, which was 52, 65, 57 and 64

This research was carried out at the fields of Field Crops Dept. Coll. of Agric. Univ. of Baghdad, during the season 2017-2018, to investigate the effect of Nano fertilizer NPK (Fn1, Fn2, Fn3: spraying with the liquid fertilizer 20%-9%-10% with 15% concentration of the levels 750:90:600, 500: 60: 400 and 250: 30: 200 mg L^-1 and Fgn1, Fgn2, Fgn3: spraying the liquid fertilizer at 7.50% concentration of the same levels plus 50% of the soil Fertilizer) on flag leaf area, grain yield and some of the quality traits of three wheat varieties. Using randomized complete block design with split plot arrange with three replications. The results showed increases in grains yield (48.99%), protein percentage (27.24%), gluten ratio i

This research aims were to evaluate management of broiler production projects in Baghdad province via using the criteria of management, included production index and economic figure (PI and EF) that specified to those projects. in addition to criteria of economic efficiency also applied (INME) index number of management efficiency, in order to the research requirements, data were obtained based on a questionnaire prepared for this purpose, which was collected by personal interview of (60) projects of the broiler production projects from (516) projects representing 11.6% of the research community in Baghdad province  in 2016. The results show that mean of PI and EF was (338). The increase in these two criteria is generally du

The efficiency of management is determining factor for the success or failure of agricultural projects generally and Livestock particularly achieving its objectives. Therefore, this research came to diagnose the most important variables that determine the efficiency of management using the probability regression models to measure the probability of management efficient of broilers production projects using  random sample included (60) broilers projects represented 11.6% of Baghdad province (research community) in 2016. After estimating the relationship between the management efficiency (descriptive dependent variable) and the independent variables affecting it (age, educational level, produc

The current study was aimed to isolate and diagnosis Bacillus mucilaginosus and evaluate its use as biofertilizer alone or interfere with Glomus mosseae on growth and yield of corn (Zea mays L.) Randomized completely block design was used at the Field of College of Agriculture- University of Baghdad  Al-Jadriya in silt clay loam soil. The biofertilizer was used  alone or as combination that added with or without 50 Kg P ha^­¹ of rock phosphate and with or without 120 Kg K ha^­¹ while, 250 Kg N ha^­¹ was added as urea (46%N) to all treatments. Results showed the superiority of bacterial or fungal biofertilizer on enhancing all growth traits of corn and the ad

This study was conducted to investigate the normal maturation process of erythriod lineage in bone marrow of adult Iraqi goat. Five healthy adult male goats aged 26-34 months were chosen for this study. A simple technique used for obtaining marrow from goats, employs sedation  xylazine hydrochloride 0.1 mg/kg body weight. Skin incision was made over the iliac crest. Marrow was aspirated with a syringe and smears were made directly.  Erythropoiesis in the bone marrow of an adult goat included a successive morphological alteration resulting in production of erythrocytes. The lineage of erythroid of bone marrow of adult goat comprises; Rubriblast , Prorubricytes, Rubricytes, Metarubricytes, and Reticulocyt

The wheat crop consider one of the main important crops in the world, and it is occupied the first order in importance, it is one of the winter grains crop in Iraq, and the Iraqi family cannot leave it because its nutritional gains besides its economic importance. The agricultural policies those follow by the government are influence positively or negatively on the agricultural production; therefore we should focus on evaluating these consequences. The  study aims estimating the demand and supply functions for the wheat crop in Iraq and  analyzing the stability in equilibrium  system of  the demand and supply for the crop during the period (1971-2013), besides evaluating consequences of  the agricultural

Two factorial experiments were conducted .The first one was field experimental which was carried out at the one of  agricultural farms in Thi-Qar governorate – Nassiriyah district during the winter seasons of 2014 - 2015 and 2015 - 2016  .The second was carried out in the laboratories of Agriculture and Marshes Colle. , Univ. of Thi-Qar  . The aim was to investigate the effect of foliar application of seaweed extract on growth , yield and seeds vigour of four bread wheat cultivars . The design of field experiment was (RCBD) in factorial experiments with three replications in two factors .The first factor included four wheat cultivars ( Bohooth -22, Al-tahadi , IPA – 99 and Al-Rasheed )

This study was carried out to devise a local nutrient media for primary mycelium growth of two species of fungi belonging to the genus oyster mushroom Pleurotu snamed Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus eryngii using tissue culture or mycelium inoculation for reproduction and production. Different natural material was used for this purpose involved Cumin, onion, oatmeal, banana peel, date seeds, garlic, alfalfa, flowers of palm pollenin a concentration ranged from 10 to 40 g/ L.  The study was also focused on the effect of physical factors as temperatures and pH on growth rate of fungal mycelium. The results shown that the media prepared from cummins and onion powder

This research   aimed  at   explorivg   the  reality  of  environmental   agricultural  extension  system and visualiz  proposal to improve the quality agricultural  extension systemcontaining the environmental  agricltural  extension inputs , operations   outputs  and Continuou improvemen .The research community included the provinces of  the central regionof Iraq  8 Provinces &nbsp

The research aimed to conceiving a proposal for the management of the decentralization of agricultural extension system in the provinces of the central region of Iraq, and to identify the opinions of the respondents regarding the perception of the proposed, and to achieve the goals of the research a questionnaire of perception of the proposed of administration decentralization is designed in light of the literature related to the subject and expert opinions as well as specialists to form the initial image of the proposal. The proposed then introduced  to a group of experts in the field of administration and agricultural extension to solicit their views on the proposal visualization components (fields, axes, items) and valida

This experiment investigated the association between SNP 5 UTR region of insulin –like growth factor-1 ( IGF-1 ) and phenotypic productive  and physiological traits in cobb500 broiler breed .The study was conducted at poultry farm in Abu-Graib region  during a period from 1Nov 2016-14Dec 2016 .Four hundred fifty broiler chicks one day old (cobb500) were wing –banded and divided to three treatment groups (three replicates each) according to gene polymorphisms .DNA was extracted from fresh blood samples .Restriction fragment length polymorphism was used in the 5 UTR  region of IGF-1. Chicks were reared under conventional conditions according the guide and fed ad libitum at the end of experiment number of

This experiment was carried out at hatcheries and laboratories of Animal Production Department - College of Agricultural Sciences - University of Sulaymaniyah, by using 240 fertilized egg (Ross 308), distributed to four treatments,T1= first treatment control treatment without hearing any sound, T2= second treatment hearing the hen call , T3= treatment third hearing  chicks hatched call and T4= treatment fourth hearing chick with hen call, each treatment divided to three replicates and each repeater 20 eggs, hearing the sound from the age of 5 days form incubation and until the day of hatching, the sound was given for a period of 15 minutes per hour in 24 hours, the results showing: significantly (P≤0.01)  improvement

The results of treating the last nymphal instar of periplaneta americana by sub-lethal dose (o.1 ml of 0.2%) of Azadirachtin . Lufenuron and Methoxyfenozide . on some physical features of adults wings produced from treated nymphs. The results revealed asignificant variation in wings cuticle resistance to electrical current between treatment and control. The control treatment showed  a highest degree of electrical resistance in front and hind wings of  right and left direction and reached 157.89 . 170.89 . 134.33 . and 170.89 omh/m  respectively. The electrical resistance of wings cuticle in treatments were varied according to the kinds of insect growth in hibitors . The same treatment also exhibited a vari

This study was conducted at the Department of Plant Protection-College of Agriculture-University of Baghdad during 2015 -2016. The objective of the study is to investigate the contamination of the fungus Aspergillus niger in the seeds of peanuts and walnuts from the Iraqi local markets and the ability of these isolates to produce ochratoxin A in artificial medium. Forty samples of peanuts and walnuts were collected from local markets of the governorates of Baghdad, Erbil, Sulaymaniyah , Anbar and Dyiala for isolation test of  A. nigar. Results showed that A.niger was founded in the samples of walnuts from Erbil at percentage of 50% and 42.8% in the samples of peanuts from Baghdad ,and 40 % in

A factorial experiment within randomized complete block design (RCBD) was coducted during 2016 to investigate the influence of foliar application organic fertilizer "disper alghum" and growth regulator kt-30 on chemical content , endogenous hormone of young appel trees CV. "Anna". The trees were sprayed with organic fertilizer "disper alghum" was three levels (D) : (0 , 3 , 5 g.L^-1) , and growth regulator KT-30 at four levels (K) : (0 , 5 , 10 , 20 mg.L^-1) . Foliar application of organic fertilizer D5 (5 g.L^-1) gave significantly higher values of the total chlorophyll content in l

A field experiment was carried out during two winter season 2013, 2014 at the field of the Department of Field Crops, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad, to study the effect of seeds soaking with Gibberellic acid and foliar with Abscisic Acid on the growth, yield, and content of Anise oil seeds using factorial experiment within RCBD design with three replicates. The seeds was treated within GA₃ were soaked with two concentrations of  30, and 60 mg. litter^-1 in addition to without soaking and the code has been B₀ , B₁ , B₂ overlapped these transactions with two concentrations of Abscisic Acid  3, and 6 mg. litter^-1 in addition to without foliar

Some Limnological features (electrical conductivity, pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen, water temperature, light penetration, turbidity, nutrients NO₂, NO₃, PO₄) were used in current study to monitor Al-Hammar marsh (Al-Naggarah and Al-Burgah) south of Iraq monthly sampling for one year. The mean range of the following limnological parameters were recorded: water temperature ranged between 11.1 to 33 C˚, electrical conductivity ranged between 2453.3 to 6100 µs/cm, salinity ranged from 1.16 to 3.3 ‰, pH ranged between 7 – 8.6, water depth ranged between 0.7 to 1.9 m, light penetration ranged from 70 to 200 cm, dissolved oxygen ranged from 3.67 to 10.03 mg/l, NO₂ ranged from 0.11 to 3.

This experiment was conducted at the research farm of the College of Agriculture, University of Duhok, Iraq Kurdistan Region season of 2015-2016. Irrigation treatments include (Rainfed, 50% and 100% of field capacity). with three broad wheat varieties (IPA-95, Abu-Graib and Sham-4) cultivated by application the (AquaCrop) model. Wheat varieties of IPA-95 and Abu-Graib-3 consistently resulted in higher yields than Sham-4 variety, the highest grain yield of 3.872 t. ha^-1 was recorded by IPA-95 variety. Highest grain yield of 3.78 t.ha^-1 was obtained from Total Field Capacity. The biomass varied from 12.162, 12.214 and 13.056, 11.591 and 11.211 to 11.866 t.ha^-1 for measured and simulated values. Also

A wooden house pots experiment was carried out at College of Agriculture/ University of Baghdad using calcareous soil silty clay loam texture collected from one of farm fields in Al-Jadriya region/ Baghdad governorate to study the effect of acidulated phosphate rock levels in availability of phosphorus and copper and growth of maize (Zea mays L.) and phosphorus, copper contents. Corn seeds (Zea mays L.) 5018 (produced office of agricultural research/ ministry of agriculture) were sows in Aug. 2014 with Six seeds in each pot then five plant were removed after one week from the growth. Completely Randomized Block Design (CRD) was used and three levels of partial acidulated phospha

Melanin is a pigmented material varies from yellow to black color dependent on the type of melanin. Not all the microorganisms can produce this material, most industrial researchers are looked after about melanin that produced from environmental microorganisms and little is known about from pathogenic bacteria and its role in pathogenesis. Therefore this study is aimed to focus on the role of melanin produces by one pathogenic bacteria(Klebsiella pneumoniae  ) isolated from an infected wound on host immune responses.The results of this study showed, that the increasing melanin concentration leads to decrease in the phagocytic index. and in vivo tests are done by using different concentration of extracted mi