Sixteen weaned (3.5-4 months) entire male lambs from each of Awassi and Karadi were weighed and randomly divided equally into two groups to receive concentrate (16% crude protein and 2769 kcal energy) either ad libitum or 3% of their body weights, and to be slaughtered at 36 or 44 kg. Results revealed that overall means of daily gain in weight, dressing percentage based on slaughter and empty body weight, rib eye area and fat thickness were 0.258±0.01 kg, 46.54± 0.49%, 54.35 ± 0.40%, 14.98 ±0.44 cm² and 2.86 ± 0.12 mm, respectively. It seems that Awassi lambs significantly surpass Karadi lambs in dressing percentage based on slaughter weight and had thicker subcutaneous fat, only. Also, lambs fed ad lib e

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of feeding formaldehyde-treated diets on milk yield, composition and some blood biochemical parameters of Karadi ewes in mid lactating period. Nine lactating Karadi ewes in their second lactation and weighing 43.42 ± 0.4 kg were used in this study. Following one-week adaptation period, the ewes were allocated into 3x3 Latin-square and fed three different diets, the 1^st untreated basal diet (T1), the 2^nd barley 75%, wheat bran 7% and soybean meal 10% treated with formaldehyde 9l/ton (T2) and 3^rd group wheat bran7% and soybean meal 20% treated with formaldehyde (T3). The ewes were offered 1.750 kg/ewe of concentrate i

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects zeranol implant on meat quality of Awassi lambs and cross-bred Khalkhali and Abadeh goat kids. Ten ram lambs (33.7 ± 0.5 kg and 4-month-old) and ten male goat kids (18.8 ± 0.7 kg and 4-month-old) were randomly assigned into two treatments (5 each treatment); C (control, 0 mg zeranol) and Z (24 mg zeranol implant) for each species. After 43 days experimental period. The animals were slaughtered, left for 24 hr post-mortem period and Biceps femoris muscle of each species were separated for measuring the proximal composition, TBARS values, cooking loss, drip loss and free fatty acids concentrations. Zeranol implants had significant (P<0.05) effect o

This study was aimed to synthesis Ag₂O nanoparticles (N.P.s) utilizing the Ginger plant (Zingiber officinale) extract. As catalysts for pyran derivatives formation employing a three-component coupling reaction among aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes, malononitrile, and dimedone. The nanoparticles exhibit robust catalytic activity with high productivity. Results revealed that Ag₂O NPs improved various vital features, like higher yields, reaction time, simple chemical separation, catalytic economic efficiency, and quick process. This study aimed to cyclize heterocyclic compounds to provide new hetero compounds applying nano-oxides obtained from natural (unmanufactured) sources and used

There is so little information available in Iraq about genetic variability in methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), so current study aimed to use six tandem repeat loci of multilocus variable number tandem repeat (MLVA) typing to discriminate among MRSA, so to achieve the aim of this study, six loci, clfA, clfB, sdrC, spa, sspa and sav1078 were selected for multiplex PCR. The PCR product were subjected to capillary electrophoresis by using ABI-Genetic analyzer, then the data were analyzed by using GeneMapper™ Software 5. Fragment sizes were converted into repeats number. The total number of repeats are used to generate allelic profile. The allelic prof

This study was aimed  to evaluate the toxic properties of phenylmethane on internal organs and liver enzymes (Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Alkaline serum transaminase (AST)changes in mice. Thirty albino mice randomly divided equally into 2 groups, each group contains (15) animals as following: 1^st group was administrated orally (0.2 mg / kg B.w) of  Phenylmethane daily for (8)weeks, 2^nd group was considered as negative control group. Finally all animals euthanized and sample of blood were taken for biochemical examination and his

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary zeolite on ammonia toxicity and in some of blood parameters in Cyprinus carpio. Fish were fed   either a control diets (0% zeolite) or control diet supplemented with 2, 4 and 6% (T1, T2 and T3) respectively for 28 days. Results showed that the mean value of ammonia concentrations ranged between 0.10 mg/l in T1 and T3 in the first week to 1.85 mg/l in control in fourth week, which could be noticed a gradually increased in the values of ammonia in the end of the experiment. Results showed that the amm

The research aimed to measure the loss and waste of wheat farms, using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Although, loss has become a frightening reality due to the loss of large quantities of food produced by humans for human consumption, so Iraq possesses material capabilities, natural resources, and human beings, it is not self-sufficient, and the reason is the low yield per dounm of wheat, as the productivity rate ranged to 650 kg / dounm for the period 1990-2019. The one of the most important reasons for the decline in productivity is the loss and waste of wheat of post- harvest. And to identify the most important factors that work to reduce post-harvest wheat losses for wheat farmers at Baghdad, by use explorator

Since the 1990s, the world has undergone dramatic and rapid changes towards the globalization of economic life. The research aims to examine theoretical frameworks and empirical studies that analyses and interpret the mechanism and channels of the impact of globalization policies on agricultural foreign trade by adopting an objective pilot model capable of diagnosing the nature value and direction of this impact based on the latest techniques used in the analysis of time series and the most important tests thereof, namely, both the unit roots test and (E-views 10) program for three developing countries Malaysia, Thailand, and Turkey, during the period 1995-2017. The results of the estimate have shown that there is appositive and

The aim of this study was to estimate the levels of some toxic heavy metals such as (Cd, Pb,Cr,Ni,Zn,Cu,Fe,Co,As)by using the X-Ray fluorescence .in a total of forty-one samples of wheat grains which were (local, American, Australian, Canadian and mixing mills) samples collected randomly and seasonally from three silos in Baghdad ,also wheat flour collected from mills related to the manufactured of grains of each silo. The results showed that the levels of (Cadmium, Lead and Chromium) were surpassed the permissible safe limits according to FAO/WHO (2001).It was found that the highest concentration of cadmium detected in wheat flour in AL Dora silo for summer and spring seasons were 12.6mg/kg, as well as the high level of lead 1.0

This study was aimed to determine the most sensitive isolation procedures and evaluate the genetic diversity of Moraxella bovis because there are large number of pathogenic bacteria and several other infectious agents such as virus and Mycoplasma have been isolated from the eyes infected with infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK). This study included examination of (40) eye swabs, from cows from different ages and regions in Basrah city showed clinical signs of an ocular infection. The isolated bacteria that obtained in pure cultures were non-motile, catalase and oxidase positive, and a clear zone of β-hemolytic colonies were produced on blood agar. According to the growth characteristics, morphology, staining an

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of swim-up and glass wool as sperm separation techniques with adding vitamin E and superoxide dismutase (SOD) to Tris extender on improving post-cryopreserved total sperm characteristics in straw and freezability percentage for low semen quality of Holstein bulls. Low and good of semen were extended using Tris extender. Good semen quality (GSQ) was divided into 3 groups (L1; Tris extender, L2; 2 mM vitamin E, L3; 200 IU SOD) Low semen quality (LSQ) was divided into two main groups, and subdivided into 3 sub-groups (L4; Tris extender, L5; 2 mM vitamin E, L6; 200 IU SOD). In the second main group, swim-up and glass wool techniques were used with adding vitamin E an

This study aimed to investigate the anti- oxidative  function of catfish collagen hydrolysate in beef minced meat samples through 10 days  storage at 4 o C. Collagen hydrolysate were added to minced meat sample  at two different concentrations (50 & 100 mg/100gm) . The experiment consist from control sample (C without additives) , BHT sample ( B  with 200ppm  butylated hydroxytoluene ) , collagenase hydrolysate samples  C.C.H₁, C.C.H₂ (100&50 mg/100gm minced meat)  respectively, and collagenase-trypsin hydrolysate samples  C.H.T₁ & C.H.T₂ respectively (50,100mg/100gm minced meat). Peroxide values (PV), thiobarbutyric acid TBA, fre

The aim of this study was to application of some single and integrated index equation to assess heavy metal in different soil within Erbil governorate. The 15 different locations (Bahare new, Newroz, New Hawler, Hesarok, Azadi1, Zen city, Atconz city, Pank village, Binaslawa, Darato, Qushtapa, Shaways, Kasnazan, Bahirka, Pirzin) were specifically selected to identify the effects of traffic activities on soil properties. Different heavy metal distribution patterns (As, Cd, Cu, Cr and Zn) were determined from distance 5, 25, 50m roadside. Soil pollution was assessed using many indices including: contamination factor (CF), degree of contamination (Cdeg), Ecological Risk Factor and

In this study, the genetic relatedness of 12 cultivars of fig from different populations in Kurdistan region- Iraq were analyzed using eleven AFLP primers pairs combinations by using the technology of molecular analysis the DNA. Genetic similarity matrices were produced for the AFLP data to calculate genetic distances among their cultivars. Genetic similarity coefficient ranged from 0.1261 to 0.3905. The lowest genetic similarity was observed between Kola and Gala Zard (0.1261). The Hejeera Rash and Shela cultivars were most similar ones with a coefficient of 0.3905. Clustering based on AFLP data for the 12 fig cultivars was identified at the 0.32 similarity level. In the developed dendogram two main groups were found, the first

The current study was undertaken to investigate the efficacy of different levels of natural zeolite on ammonia and on some of blood parameters of Cyprinus carpio. The experimental treatments included adding zeolite as stones placed in the bottom of aquarium : Control( 0  zeolite); T1, T2 and T3 zeolite stones were added in the water at concentrations of 6 , 8 and 10 mg/l respectively. Results of ammonia concentrations ranged between 0.17 – 1.25 mg/l in T2 and in control treatment respectively from the first week up to fourth week. In T1 values of ammonia were 0.18mg/l in first wee

This study was aimed to identify the planktonic diatoms and their seasonal change in Hoor-AL-Azim wetlands, Iran. Diatoms are important algal groups in different aquatic ecosystem and considered as bioindicators for water quality and environmental health. Hoor-AL-Azim or Hoor-al-Hawizeh is one of the most extensive and ecologically important wetlands in the Middle East which is shared between Iran (south-west) and Iraq(south). A major part of the wetland area was exposed to drying completely or partially during last few decades due to two Country politics. The samples were taken on a monthly basis from four stations for year from January to end of December, for  identification and seasonal changes of Diatoms (Bacillariophyta

This research was aimed to study the management of water resources within international basins, among which is the study of water authorities within the Greater Zab River Basin (GZRB) in the Kurdistan region - Iraq, where it is an international river shared by Iraq and Turkey, and aims to develop the river basin management and international cooperation between the authorities Shared water within the basin, as well as identifying factors that affect implementation, the principles, and joint projects. On the other hand, the interactions of water users competing for water inside the river basin were identified. For this reason, the Water Evaluation Analysis Planning (WEAP) model was applied to the basin to determine the optimal GZR

This study was conducted to investigate Babesia parasites infecting sheep in eight districts of Sulaimani governorate/north Iraq from April to October 2017. Forty flocks of small ruminants were selected to collect blood samples randomly from 450 sheep. The samples were examined for babesiosis by microscopic examination and PCR. Primers based on the 18S rRNA were used for Babesia diagnosis, followed by sequencing of the amplicons for confirmation of the PCR product identities. Seventy-four samples (16.44%) showed the presence of Babesia piroplasms microscopically, while 116 (25.78%) samples were positive using PCR. Results showed that B. ovis was reported in 15.78% (n = 71), and B. motasi

Twenty one Awassi lambs (4 month old and 23.59 ± 031 kg body weight) were used to investigate the effect of different levels of protein on growth, carcass traits, body composition, digestibility and some blood parameters. The lambs were divided equally and randomly and penned individually into three treatment groups, and fed ad lib on low protein (129.1 T₁) medium protein (140.6 T₂) and high protein (151.1 T₃, g/kg DM). After 72 days of fattening, 5 lambs from each treatment were chosen randomly and slaughtered. The result showed that lambs fed on T₃ diet had significantly (P<0.05) higher daily gain (210.83 g), better feed efficiency (4.8 kg/kg), higher dressing percentage (51.67 %)

Iraq suffers a severe declining catastrophic in water resources; due to disagreement Share water to the neighboring countries Turkey, Syria and Iran. As well as the water policy in Iraq is unclear, the management of Iraq water have no strategic plan to treat the severe decrease in water sources. In this study, adopted eight climatic stations, are available at Iraqi general meteorological organization. The low clouds data 24 observations per day had been taken, from 1975 to 2005. For this purpose, the researchers determined the distribution of the stations and water amount at the Iraq using (GIS) Technique.  It has found the annual average liquid water content calculated from the Low cloud only is 2585742648

Adsorption studies were performed at different initial Tetracycline (TC) and Amoxicillin (AMO) concentration, different biomass dosage and type, contact time, agitation speed, and initial pH.  In the batch mode were investigated. The optimum pH of solutions is 6.5 for TC and 5 for AMO, agitation speed 200 rpm and concentration 50 ppm. The results in FTIR showed that there were -OH and amides (N-H) and other functional groups on the surface of Cladophora and Spirulina algae. The equilibrium isotherm data were modeled with Freundlich, Temkin, and Langmuir isotherm models. The data best fitted with the Langmuir

The aim of the current investigation was to evaluate some reproductive aspects of local mountain goat raised in farm conditions. A total number of 498 does were mated during two successive years. Results revealed that fertility, conception, kidding, productivity and twinning rates averaged 80.72, 87.15, 84.94, 72.29 and 5.22 %, respectively. Litter size at birth and weaning were 1.05 and 0.9 respectively. Also, all above traits were significantly lower in does aged 2.5 years as compared with older does except those of litter size at birth and weaning. Effect of year of mating was found to be significant only on conception rate. Does mated in August resulted in a significant increase in the studied traits compared with that mated

This study was aimed to find out how the performance of feed at different age periods affect the productive of birds . A total of 240-day-old broiler chicks have been used (Ross 308), were applied. The chick’s groups were assigned to four treatments with every replicates four times and were distributed randomly into 16 groups of 15 chicks of average body weight in each pen. The research was conducted out on chicks two weeks old. T0 (control): (Feed is provided continuously and permanently for birds), T1: Skip every 1 day: (Provide the feed for one day and cut it the next day and so on until the age of 42 days), T2: Skip every 2 days: (Providing the feed for two consecutive days, cutting

This study was conducted to determine the percentage of hatchability, post-hatch growth performance, immune response of broiler  subjected  to in- ovo injection of different doses of rosemary oil. A total of 300  eggs of ross broiler strain were obtained.The experiment distributed into five treatment groups: T1, Negative Control T2, positive control (in ovo injection of 0.05 ml distilled water) T3, in ovo injection of 0.05ml of rosemary oil; T4, in ovo injection of  0.075 ml of rosemary oil; T5, in ovo injection of  0.1 ml of rosemary oil.Highest hatchability  percentage was shown in 0.1ml rosemary oil -injected hatching eggs. The final weight of birds from 0.075 and 0.1 ml of rosemary oil-injected e

Sodium chloride poisoning has been suspected in Iraqi buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) of Basrah governorate, A study was conducted on 523 animals. All animals drank natural water from the Shatt al-Arab sources. Seventy-six animals show different clinical manifestations, and twelve clinically healthy animals were used as controls.  Diseased buffalo exhibited different clinical manifestations. A significant increase in PCV with alterations in indices of clotting factors was also explored. Serum analysis demonstrated increase in serum sodium and chloride concentrations in diseased buffalo. However,

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of swim-up and glass wool as sperm separation techniques with adding vitamin E and superoxide dismutase (SOD) to Tris extender on improving some post-cryopreserved semen quality for Holstein bulls. Low and good of semen were extended using Tris extender. Good semen quality (GSQ) was divided into 3 groups (L1; Tris extender, L2; 2 mM vitamin E, L3; 200 IU SOD) Low semen quality (LSQ) was divided into two main groups, and subdivided into 3 sub-groups (L4; Tris extender, L5; 2 mM vitamin E, L6; 200 IU SOD). In the second main group, swim-up and glass wool techniques were used with adding vitamin E and SOD and subdivided into 3 sub-groups with each t

This work was designed to evaluate the influence of mercury chloride on some of biochemical and immunological biomarkers in common cap, Cyprinus carpio. Around of 120 fish were randomly allocated into four groups (30 fish per group) in triplicates as follows; first group act as control group provided with water only without adding HgCl₂;  G1, G2 and G3 were exposed to waterborne  HgCl₂ at levels of  0.01, 0.05 and 0.1 mg l^-1 respectively. After one month exposure to HgCl_2, there were significantly decreased (P<0.05) in lymphocyte transformation index and in phagocytic and lysozyme activities. Besides, biochemically, Albumin and globulin conten

This study was aimed to assess the influence of plasma activated medium (PAM) on some parameters of breast cancer cell lines (MCF7 and AMJ13) in comparison to normal adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs). First, nitric oxide (NO) production within the used media (RPMI-1640 and MEM) was examined beyond different exposure time (10,15,20, and 25) minutes directly, and the finding suggested a significant increase in NO with increasing exposure time particularly after 20 and 25 min of irradiation in RPMI, while MEM showed significant results only after 25 min. The metabolic parameters were studied including glucose uptake and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity. The results found a decrease in LDH activity proportional to incubation time

A novel mixed natural coagulant has been developed to remove sewage pollutants and heavy metals from Qanat- al- Jayesh by using low cost adsorbent natural materials. In these materials, significant interaction contains Arabic gum mixed with extracted silica from rice husk ash (natural coagulants) by the Batch device approach, using two variables, pH values ranging from 5-8 and contact times between 0.25-5 hrs. All wastewater samples were collected after treatment by adsorbents and examined for determination of residual heavy metal concentrations: Pb, Ni, Zn and Cu by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), turbidity, pH, total dissolved salts (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC) and total salinity (TS). The results obtained indicate