The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of economic, social and institutional factors on adoption within the national program for the propagation of high-rank seeds of wheat crop. 170 questionnaires were collected, 50% of them were participants in the program from Wasit and Babil governorates. Probabilistic regression models were used to know this effect, and the possibility of adopting Farmers of improved seeds produced from the national program for the multiplication of seeds of higher grades using the (ADOPT) program. The adoption rate was 0.12%, and the total number of adopters were 12 farmers, at a rate of 14.2%. Tobit model was estimated  to find out the impact of the profitability of the dunum, capital,

This study examined the effects of genetic and some non-genetic factors on total milk yield (TMY), test-day milk yield (TDM), pre-weaning (PRMY), and post-weaning milk yield (POMY) using a total of 1167 lactation records of (Damascus) does over the years of 1998 to 2001 at Al-Walla Agricultural Research Station, Ministry of Agriculture. The General Linear Model (GLM) was employed to analyze the data. TMY, TDM, PRMY, and POMY had respective overall averages of 280.3 kg, 1.45 kg, 135.7 kg, and 144.5 kg. Age, doe weight, birth type, and year of kidding all significantly influenced the variables under study.  Heritability estimates were 0.22, 0.17, 0.17 and 0.26 for TMY, TDM, PRMY and POMY, respectively. The corresponding e

This study was aimed to determine the effect of replacing treated and untreated corn impurities with urea instead of wheat bran on rumen bacteria and fermentation of Awassi lambs. Five levels of treated and untreated corn impurities as 44:0%, 32:11%, 20:22%, 10:32% and 0:39% bran:impurities in a 2×5 factorial experiment/ Completely Randomized Design using forty lambs with an initial weight of 27.45 ± 2.16kg and 4-5 months old. Individual feeding was used for 70 days and rumen fluid was sampled at 0, 3, 6h after morning feeding. Results showed an increasing (p<0.05) rumen pH at zero time especially corn impurities treated with urea and increasing (p<0.05)

Systemic Acquired Resistance (SAR) induced by agrochemicals of chitosan (CH) and salicylic acid (SA) at (25, 50 and 100 ppm) , in addition to a biocontrol agent of  T. harzianum (Th) at 4 ×10⁶  were examined against M. phaseolina  the causal agent of charcoal rot of sunflower. The results depended on estimation of diseases severity and microsclerotia density in the soil. Thus, the seeds immersion in CH 75 ppm for 6 h., gave the highest and considerable reduction (p=0.05) in disease severity by 48.25% and reduced microsclerotia survived in the soil up to 70%. Application of SA at 50 and 75 ppm proved an obvious reduction of charcoal rot severity by up to 39% and 37% for both co

This study  was investigates the effect of adding different concentrations (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8) % of mallow (Malva  neglecta L.) leaves powder (MLP) to wheat bread mix on nutritional and qualitative properties of the obtained bread. Results of the chemical composition based by dry matter, moisture, ash, protein, fat, and carbohydrates for wheat flour and mallow leaves powder were 87.4, 12.6, 0.65, 10.5, 1.25, 75% and 96.2, 3.8, 7.90, 12.70, 1.60, 74.20 %, respectively. The study included nine treatments (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9 ), where T1 was the control treatment. During the fermentation period, dough  mass was  increased to its maximum value, T1 reco

In vitro propagation approach has been adopted for micropropagation and conservation of Solanum nigrum (black nightshade) to guarantee its sustainable phyto-industry and research availability. Within 1 month, in vitro shoot differentiated was accomplished by culturing shoot tip, nodal segment, and leaf on MS medium enriched with various BA (Benzyl Adenine) concentrations. A significant difference was observed with shoot tips compared with nodal explants and leaf at the shoot induction percentage and mean number of shoot per explant. The highest percentage of shoot induction (100%) and average number of micro shoot per shoo tip (9.200 shoot) were recorded on MS medium fortified with 1 mg

This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of elastin hydrolysates on the microbial content and sensory evaluation of ground beef refrigerated at 2°C for 12 days. The study included 10 treatments: T₁ without addition, T₂ addition (1000ppm/kg meat) and T₃ addition (500ppm/kg meat) of elastin hydrolysates produced by the elastase enzyme (E.H.E).T₄ addition (1000ppm/kg meat) and T₅ addition (500ppm/kg meat) of Elastin hydrolysates produced by the collagenase enzyme (E.H.C), T₆ addition (1000ppm/kg meat) and T₇ addition (500ppm/kg meat)of elastin hydrolysates produced by the trypsin enzyme (E.H.T), T₈ addition a

This study investigated the synergistic effect of glass wool and sephadex sperm filtration techniques on improving the low semen quality of buffalo bulls with or without antioxidants. Semen was collected for 14 weeks, evaluated weekly, and divided into 12 groups. Good and low semen have extended using a Tris extender. Good semen quality is divided into three groups [S1: Tris extender; S2: Tris + vitamins E (2 mM) and C (5 mM); S3: Tris + glutamine (20 mM) and arginine (1 mM)]. Low semen quality was divided into three main groups and subdivided into three sub-groups (S4; Tris extender; S5: Tris +vitamins E (2 mM) and C (5 mM); S6: Tris + glutamine (20 mM) and arginine (1 mM)). In the 2^nd and 3^rd main groups,

This study aimed to investigate effect of foliar application of Kinetin on growth, yield, yield components and antioxidant affectivity  of maize. A field experiment was conducted during the spring season of 2023 at the Alhamidia Research Station, College of Agriculture, University of Anbar. A randomized complete block design with split-plot arrangement with three replications was used in this study. The main plots contained the levels of kinetin (0, 25, 50, and 75 mg L^-1), and the subplots contained the cultivars (Baghdad 3, Fajr 1, and Almaha). The results indicated that the maize cultivars significantly differed in most of the studied traits. The Baghdad 3 cultivar showed a significant superiority in most of the

Kenger (Gundelia tournefortii L.) plants were collected based on the availability of these plants in the local market to determine the nutrition value, some phytochemical content, and element content during March 2023 at the vegetative stage at thirteen different locations in the Sulaimani region. Some vegetative traits and chemical contents were studied. The results indicated that the highest content of carbohydrates was (12.670%) at Mawat, the protein was (32.703%) at Hazarmerd, and fiber was (35.620%) at Penjwen locations respectively. The analysis of Kenger edible parts (stem and leaves) through GC-MS revealed the presence of a complex mixture of compounds varying from 13 to 19 compounds among the locations. Compound

A pilot study in the field was conducted within the study station of the Field Crops Department / College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences / “University of Baghdad during winter season of 2022-2023” .In order to find out the role of chlorophyll nutrient spraying on some growth traits of two varieties of bread wheat. Using RCBD design. The results showed a significant superiority of the V1 variety in all studied traits such as (Plant height measured in centimeters, number of tillers per square meter, and  dry weight flowering100%, “the growth rate of the crop is g.m².d^-1, the hay yield in “ton .ha^-1 biological yield ton. ha^-1”, flag leaf area (cm²), chloroph

This study was undertaken to figure out the relationship between some biochemical characteristics in seminal plasma with the semen quality of Iraqi buffalo bulls (Bubalus bubalis). Semen was diluted with the Tris extender and divided based on the sperm cell's individual motility into two groups. The first group included good-semen quality (GS; n=3), whereas, the second group included poor-semen quality (PS; n=5). The differences between GS and BS groups in all seminal biochemical attributes lacked significance.  A negative and significant (P≤0.05) correlation coefficient was noticed between cholesterol concentration and both principal and terminal sperms abnormality (r= -0.52), and total abnormalities (r= -0.53).

This study evaluated the effect of sex on growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality, and blood metabolite parameters of Awassi lambs. Twenty-seven Awassi lambs were allocated into two sex groups: males (n=13) and females (n=14). Lambs were individually penned and fed according to the nutritional needs of small ruminants. The experimental period of the study continued for 63 days, preceded by seven days for dietary and pen adaptation. On day 56 of the experimental period, five lambs of each sex group were randomly chosen and distributed in metabolism chambers to examine the digestibility and nitrogen balance. After 70 days of the trial, all lambs were butchered to determine their carcasses and meat quality. The ave

This research was to study the effect of adding glycerol at different levels (T1 = control treatment without glycerol, T2 = 75 ml and T3 = 150 ml glycerol) in the body weight, body measurements and some blood characteristics of Holstein calves from 60 to 120 days of calves age. Body weight increased  (P≤0.05) in T3 calves at 80 and 100 days of age, also body weight increased in T2 and T3 calves at 120 days of age. T2 calves were significantly superior (P≤0.01) in average total gains from 60 to 120 days of age. Significantly increased (P≤0.05) at the ages of 100 and 120 days of: Wither height in T3 calves, Body length in T2 calves and Heart girth in T2 and T3 calves.

This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of plasma activated medium (PAM) on breast cancer cell lines (MCF7 and AMJ13) and compared it to non malignant one (ASCs). The cytotoxic effect of 10,15,20, and 25 min prepared PAM was measured and the results indicated that all cells were influenced in the exposure times (20 and 25)min, especially after 48 hours of incubation with lesser influence on normal cells. Based on the results 20 min was determined as the effective dose on 50% of cancer cells with minimal influence on normal one. Further, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) was assessed and the results indicated reduction in the level of this cytokine after PAM treatment, MCF7 showed significant 2reduction in both incubation i

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) that can tolerate heavy metals, provide the basis for microbial inoculums showing heavy metals tolerance properties. This study was aimed to detect the heavy metal resistance genes in plant-growth-promoting Pseudomonas spp. isolated from many agricultural fields. The collected isolates were screened for their plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits, hydrolytic enzymes, Siderophore, ammonia, and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Then, subjected to concentrations of CuSO₄, CdCl₂, and ZnCl₂ to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The DNA was extracted from the sel

This study was aimed to assess the antimicrobial  activity of  copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) created by  method of thermal green way using basically a maize starch. Mucoid were appeared of Klebsiella pneumoniae bacterial colonies and the positive results with some biochemical tests. On the other hand, Staphylococcus aureus  appeared pigmented colonies surrounded by a yellow halo because of mannitol fermentation.  According to the 24 time incubation period, the CuO NPs antimicrobial activity show

The experiment was implemented in the fields of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences / University of Baghdad during the agricultural season 2021-2022 as a factorial experiment (2 x 3 x 3) with within Randomized Complete Block Design using 3 replcates, The spraying with marine algae extract (0, 4, and 6ml.l^-1) represented the first factor symbolized by K₀, K₁, and K₂; the second factor involved spraying with the yeast extract (0, 2, and 4 mg.l^-1) referred to as Y₀, Y₁, and Y₂; while the third factor was mowing date as tow mows were applied with 15 days interval between them. The research was aimed to examine the effect of the three

This study was aimed to investigate effects of Benzyl Adenine and Zinc sulfate on Plum trees growth, at the field of Depart. Horticultural and Landscape, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, during the spring season of 2021. Spraying three different concentrations (0, 50, and 100) mg.L^-1 of Benzyl adenine and foliar applications of Zinc sulfate with three different concentrations (0, 25, and 50) mg.L^-1 on vegetative and root system traits, as well as the chemical content of Plum seedlings (Prunus domestica L.) grafted on to Apricot rootstocks. The experiment conducted using factorial experiment with a Randomized Complete Block Design and, three replicates, Tw

Tow field and storage experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of foliar application of moringa leaf extract, calcium, and potassium silicate on the growth, yield, and quality characteristics of strawberry fruits. The field experiment included 27 treatments: Foliar application of moringa leaf extract at the concentrations of 0, 5, and 10% which were symbolized as M₀, M₁, and M₂ respectively, calcium at the concentrations of 0, 1, and 2 g. L^-1, which were symbolized as Ca₀, Ca₁, and Ca₂ respectively, and potassium silicate at the concentrations of 0, 1.25, and 2.50 ml. L^-1 which were symbolized as S₀, S₁, and S<

This study aimed to observe the effect of oxygen levels during the carotenoid degradation process to produce β-ionone, several parameters have been pointed, including carotenoid levels in CPO before and after the degradation process using a spectrophotometer, the color of the CPO solution before and after degradation using the color flex hunter lab and the β-ionone levels resulting from the degradation of Carotenoids by gas chromatography using a mass spectrometry detector. As the result, it can be stated that the presence of oxygen has influenced the degradation of carotenoids in CPO. The greater the amount of oxygen, the more carotenoids are degraded. The most excellent degradation process was found to be 80%. However, β-ion

This study aimed to investigate the effect of spraying benzyladenine and phosphorus on growth, flowering, and medicinal active compound content of Calendula officinalis cultivar "Bon Bon” under wooden shade conditions. The experiment was conducted using a factorial experiment within Randomized Complete Block Design with three replicates, examining two factors: benzyladenine at three concentrations (0, 50, and 100 mg L^-1) and phosphorus at three concentrations (0, 2.5, and 5 mg L^-1). The results indicated that benzyladenine (BA2) and phosphorus (P2) treatments significantly enhanced vegetative and floral growth, including plant spread, height, leaf number, branch n

This study was aimed to evaluate the influence of adding dietary three medicinal plants and vitamin E on productive performance, serum physiological parameters, immunity and antioxidant status of broiler chickens under heat stress (34 - 38) C° for 35 days. A total of 600 Ross one day old broiler chicks were distributed randomly into eight treatments with five replicates 15 birds per each replicate as follows: T1: broiler were fed standard ration (negative control); T2: 50 mg vitamin E /kg ration (positive control); T3: 5g Dill  powder /kg ration; T4: 10g Dill  powder /kg ration; T5: 5g Adiantum powder /kg ration; T6: 10g Adiantum powder /kg ration; T7: 5g Crataegus powder /kg ration and T8: 10g Crataegus powder /kg rat

The objectire of the present study was to investigate the effect of nutritional additive of associated phytogenic P.E.P. and organic acids supplemented in drinking water on their, blood parameters, lipid profile and intestinal histomorphology in broilers. For this purpose, 240 chicks (Ross-308) one-day old were divided randomly into 6 equal groups each group 40 chicks as follow. G1supplemented with( 0.015 cc Essential Oil (EO) with Aromatic Oil (AO) 0.5cc/L) , G2  add (AO 2cc/L) ,G3 was mix (EO 0.06cc with AO 1,5cc/L) ,G4(0.03 EO with1cc AO/L ,G5 0,12cc EO /L and control (G6) group was fed the basal diet ,the results of blood parameters were indicated significant (P≤

Indonesia is characterized by great diversity of freshwater shrimp, consisting of several islands due to the geographical location on the equator. A recent investigation conducted in Central Java has identified Serayu River as the major habitat of freshwater shrimp genus Macrobrachium. Therefore, this research aimed to determine the type of giant freshwater shrimp found downstrea

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the winter and spring seasons on some biomarkers and semen characteristics of Holstein bulls (n = 20) during the Coronavirus pandemic period. Semen was collected for 16 weeks and evaluated weekly, along with the determination of some biomarkers. Sperm concentration, live sperm percentage, the concentrations of the most amino acids, essential, non-essential, and total amino acids, all carboxylic acids, omega 3, 6, 9, total fatty acids, and total saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, increased (P<0.05) in semen of spring compared to the winter season. Moreover, the percentage of plasma membrane integrity was higher in the winter than the spring season. The concentration of m

The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of blue panic (Panicum antidotale Retz.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) growth around palm trees on insect pests. Four experimental treatments were employed to develop fodder around date palms in the field: alfalfa, blue panic, combination of alfalfa and blue panic, and a palm monoculture without any fodder. Each treatment consisted of six replications, resulting in a total of 24 date palms examined. Insect pests were collected biweekly utilizing light and pitfall traps from January to December 2020. A one-way ANOVA was used to evaluate the effect of fodder treatments on the number of pests collected. Additionally, an ANOVA with repeated measures was

A total of 58 Leuciscus vorax samples were collected from the Main Outfall Drain, inside the borders of the central Iraqi province of Al-Qadisiyah, throughout the extended period from the beginning of January to the end of December 2022. Several traditional fishing methods were adopted. The results indicated that the males ratio were 44.83% (26 individuals) of the total number, while the females were 55.17% (32 individuals), with the total gender ratio that was 1:1.23. Results indicated that the highest food activity was observed from August to November. The lowest was in February and December, at a level of 75. It was noted that the highest level of feed density was in October (14.71) and the lowest was in December (11)

This study was aimed to investigate the response of two types of ornamental herbaceous plants (Wedelia trilobata and Jacobaea maritima 'Cirrus') to different agricultural environments and the application of potassium silicates to the living walls system LWS (Felt layer system) under the climate conditions of Baghdad city. Each experiment involved the cultivation of a different plant species, and the study duration was from September 15, 2021, to August 1, 2022. A Strip-Plot Design experiment was conducted using two factors: factor M with four levels of substrates (50% peatmoss and perlite (M1), 50% Vermicompost and perlite (M2), 50% Water hyacinth compost and perlite (M3), 50% wheat straw compos

The veterinary antibacterial Marbofloxacin (Marbo) is used in food-producing animals, including dairy cows, so the residues of this drug will be excreted through milk. This study was aimed to investigate  a risk of developmental and  neurobehavioral toxicity effects in newborn consumers exposed to the residues of this drug. To achieve this goal, suckling pups of  rats were selected as a model. Four groups of female lactating rats (5 dams for each group – 8 pups per dams) were divided into (A,B,C,D) treated with Marbo (0 (control) , 3, 6 ,9 mg/kg, i.m.) given once daily for 10 consecutive days (fi