This research aims to, analyze and estimate marketing margins and the relative importance of some vegetable crops in the province of Baghdad and then estimate the product share and wholesaler and retailer of consumer Iraqi dinars spent boil vegetable crops studied Results of the study showed that the margin catalog crops fresh vegetables varies from time to harvest as it was about 316 dinars Tomato and 315 for the option of water and 421.3 dinars eggplant and 448.5 dinars potato and 425.5 dinars onions dry.  How much the product share of consumer spending was about %58.3 and tomatoes %59.7 of the option and water %52.3 of the eggplant and %56.2  and potatoes 49.8% of dry onions. The share of the  w

An experiment was conducted under greenhouse condition at a farm located in AlImary district east of Baghdad to study the effect of sheep manure water extract on the growth of tomato plants var. Wijdan during the season of 2014-2015.The experiment was consisted of 14 treatments which included of sheep manure with hot (42^ْC) and lmbient (20^ْC) Water temperature applied either by foliar at 25% and 50% concentration or directly to the soil at 50% and 100% concentration splited to 7 applications control treatments either distilled water as foliar and recommended chemical fertilizers (applied to soil). The experiment was design

An experiment was carried out in the fields that belong to agiriculture college /Baghdad university (AL-Jadyria) according to randomized compeleted blocks design(R.C.B.D.) with three replications during the spring season of 2015 to Study impact of growing point pinching and foliar spraying of whey on some traits of vegetative growth and yield of okra(Abelmoschus  esculentus L.Moench) AL-Batra local cultivar.The experiment was included six treatments which was pinching or no pinching of growthing point and foliar spraying of whey with three concentration (0%,50%and75%).The results showed that pinching was siginificant in all traits of vegetative growth except plant High where the highest values of branches number , d

Amylase inhibitors were purified by many sequential steps included concentration by gradual addition of ammonium sulfate at  saturation ratios. ranged from 0 to 90% . The best ratio of saturation was found to be 70% as the specific activity and inhibition activity toward Human alpha-amylase(HAS)  were the highest ( 8 U/mg and 6 U/ml respectively as compared to those of the rest ratios, the ratio of saturation with ammonium sulfate 60 % and then 50%, (5.8 ,5.5  )U/ml and( 7.7 ،7 )U/mg respectively for inhibition activity and specific activity and for  40% ,30%20%  saturation  the inhibition activity and specific activity were(5 ،4.8 ،4 ) u/ml (6.6 ،6 ،5.8) u/mg respectively .The precepitation step was fo

This study was aimed to know the efficiency of partially purified L- asparaginase produced from local isolate from Erwinia spp. to reduce the percentage of acrylamide formed in Biscuit. Four types of biscuit from wheat flour were prepared (T1, T2, T3, T4),and T1 as control. High performance liquid chromatography technique was used to estimate acrylamide ratio in biscuit , Effect of enzyme addition  on flour chemical and rheological properties was studied, also dough behavior ,gluten percentage, water absorption and amylase enzyme activity was estimated. The results revealed  that  the  addition of  experimental asparaginase ( specific activity 20.5 unite mg^-1 ) with 1% of flour weight

The study sample included 590 farmers in Wasit province, has been taking samples of soils that the first two levels of the samples  0-15 cm, and second 15-30 cm, from different agricultural people in the province, was the level of salinity of the soil analysis, in the laboratories of the Faculty of agricultural techniques / Musayyib, SPSS software to analyze the function and use the influence of the level of soil salinity on the productivity of wheat crop, and traversed by testing the function of class I and II, and turned out to be an inverse relationship which determine the level of critical soil salinity b 12.13 Desiminz / m, a level which even then the average revenue dunum  with average costs, also identified the l

Agriculture is a biological industry with highly vulnerable to natural factors, so the cultivation of wheat crop is very risky in lands, characterized by high levels of soil salinity, leading to high risk and uncertainty component. For this Al-MOTAD model has been adopted to analysis the risk. The research depends on a random sample composed of 590 farmers, representing eight agricultural sectors from agricultural cultivation Wasit Directorate. The Basic Plan for linear programming been designed , and then built al MOTAD model for risk, after nine plans to al MOTAD model  represent different levels of degrees of risk posed by the average total absolute deviations A, with levels of income E, until it reached the degree of ris

This study was conducted to show the relationship between some soil properties and land productivity from wheat and barely crops. The study area located in Al-Muwafaqia – Waset Govornorate / central of Iraq. General soil data were collected from previous soil survey work done in 1992 ,and new soil samples from the same profile location were collected to determine some soil properties . The actual land productivity from Wheat and Barely crops were collected from the same selected sites . The results indicate some variations in land productivity for the selected  crops and wheat productivity was higher than barely productions. Wheat productivity was ranged from 2000  to 2350  kg.ha^-1 with mean of 2118.75

A field trial was carried out at the Rice Research Station in Mushkhab ( Najaf/ south of Iraq)State Broad for Agricultural Researches, during the Summer of 2013 in Clay Loam soil. The experiment was laid in split plot with two replications, to test the drought tolerance of different local and foreign varieties of rice .Rice varieties used were 6 varieties of aerobic rice   from the International Rice Research Institute(IRRI) and local cultivars Anber33 and Jasmine. Two methods of irrigation ,flood irrigation, and 6 irrigation levels at "-10,-33,-50,-100 KPa" were used in this investigation .Studied parameters were: plant height ,spike length, flag leaf area, % of infertility , weight of 1000 grains and grain yield. Resu

Laboratory experiment was carried out in order to study the adsorption of Fe as FeEDDHA  as related to some soil properties in six calcareous soils from the middle of Iraq. Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin equations were used for describing Fe adsorption. The best equation was chosen according  to highest value of r, r² and t and least value of Standard error of estimate.   The results showed that Freunglich equation was more efficient for describing Fe sorption  compared with other physicochemical equations used, depending on highest values of, r  (0.985),  r² (0.970) and t ( 20.01) and lower standard error SE.e (0.186). Maximum adsorption capacity

This study was carried out in Al-Qadisiya Governorate during the period from December , 2012 to March , 2013. Involving five regions with different geographical locations (Diwania city center , Saniya District , Shafeia District, Daghara District and Al-Hamza District ) to determine the residues of nickel , arsenic and mercury in raw milk of cows , sheep and goats . A total of 150 raw milk samples were collected from 150 animals belong to the three species, involved 50 samples for cows, 50 samples for sheep and 50 samples for goats (10 samples / region) selected randomly. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry  was used to determine the concentration of nickel (NI) , arsenic (AS) and mercury (Hg) . The results showed that a significant

An experiment was conducted in the field of the University of Baghdad in 2015 In loamy sand  soil to study the effect drawbar and field efficiency using of a combine implement used for installation subsurface irrigation pipes and drip irrigation under different discharges. Subsurface irrigation system and drip irrigation system with three levels of discharge included 2.5,3.0 and3.5 L\hr^-1 were used in this experiment. Field efficiency, drawbar, soil moisture content and soil  bulk density were measured in this stdy. Nasted design under randomized complete block design(CRBD) with three replications were used in this experiment

The present study aimed to study the functional and nutritional properties of Defatted Okra Powder DOP and Okra Protein Concentrate OPC and Okra Protein Isolate OPI product from okra seeds (Abelmoschus esculentus), Essential amino acids 39.64, 40.93, 42.04% to DOP, OPC and OPI  respectively, the theoretical biological value (BV) 66.12, 68.3, 69.94 for DOP, OPC and OPI respectively, the degree amino acid score (AAS) 104.01, 106.73, 109.23  respectively  for the same groups and the same order, mineral ratio for  phosphorus 1750, 2430, 110 mg/kg^-1 of the three groups respectively, water absorption 1.82, 2.81, 3.36, fat absorption 2.03, 2.62, 3.03, foam capacity 58.1 0.64, 76.6%, and emulsion a

This research was conducted to study the effect of food treatment leaves of Malva sylvestris with ethanol ,ethyl acetate, hexane and oil extract of  black pepper fruits Piper nigrum on some biological aspects of cotton leaf worm Spodoptera littoralis by using the concentrations of 1.25, 2.5 and 5% of each extract, The results of feeding treatments of second larvae instar showed an increase in mortality percentages which reached 100% at the all extracts when using 5% concentrate. used in the test, while the highest mortality reached to 26.7% when using ethanol extract at 5% concentr

This study was carried out in order to identify and mapping the temporal changes for land covers in Baghdad province using Remote Sensing and GIS. Three images were used of land sate taken in 1976, 2000 and 2014 the study area. Suppervised classification and SAVI Index were used to identify land cover classes dominated in the study area. The results of supper classification indicated the presence of five land cover classes including water bodies, bare land, urban, low dense vegetation, and dense vegetation classes. There were four classes of land cover when was used SAVI index: water, no vegetation (bare land and urban), low dense vegetation, and dense vegetation. The results showed that Remote Sensing is a very active and useful

This study was carried out to detect the Dematiceous hyphomycetes fungi that associated with Zinnia seeds and to test their pathogenicity and  effect on seed germination and foliage. Results of isolation and identification showed the existence of 8 species of these fungi associated with Zinnia seeds. Alternaria alternata was presented in 81.8% of seed samples with highly rate of frequency 77% in sample No.1. The preliminary test of the pathogenicity by cabbage seeds which included three separated experiments, showed that the 34 tested isolates caused a significant reduction in the rate of cabbage seeds germination except B18 isolate (Phoma eupyrena). Isolates B39 and H7 (Alternaria alternata ) were highly

The aim of this experiment was to study the effect of replacing of some plant sources oat , wheat germ, rice and mushroom  with percent 10% for each instead of goose meat on chemical composition , physical , microbial and sensory characteristics of process burger . The results showed significant increase (p<0.01)in moisture percent for replacing treatments and significant(P<0.05)in percent protein for replacing with wheat germ (T3) ,  while there was decreased in percent of  fat and ash for replacing with mushroom(T5) compared with control(T1)  in process burger . Significant increase (p<0.05) in value of pH and water holding capacity  for T5 with significant decrease (p<0.05) in cooking loss

 The objective of this study was to carry out an on-farm experiment in sheep owner farms in Kanaan district for the period from 7^th Feb. 2015 to 27^th Mar. 2015 and to identify the unconventional methods in controlling the reproduction in sheep and increase their productivity using 45 local Awassi ewes, randomly selected from three sheep owners (15 ewes / owner). Treatment group (10 ewes/ owner) were treated with a vaginal sponges containing 20 mg fluorogestone acetate (FGA) inserted for 10 days, followed by I.M. injection of 500 IU equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG), while 5 ewes / owner were regarded as control group without any treatment. Estrus was observed for all ewes for 5 days post withdrawal of

To know the genetic variations for some sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) traits under the influence of three plant population (40000, 50000 and 60000 plants.ha^-1) for tow varieties (oil and non-oil) of sunflower. The experiments were conducted during spring and fall seasons of 2013, using factorial experiment within RCBD. The plant spaces between the furrows 90 cm and within furrows 27.8, 22.2 and 18.5 cm, which variable due to plant population. The field was fertilized using compound fertilizer (18% N: 18% P2O5) and urea (46%N)at 350 kg. ha^-1. The results revealed that there are genotypic and phenotypic homogeneity in both varieties, according to the lowest S , CV, GCV and

Field experiment during four seasons (spring and fall 2014 and 2015) was carried out on maize at the experimental field of Field Crop Dept., Agric. Coll., Univ. of Baghdad to study the role of selection for early and late flowering (silking) of inbred lines on the grain yield of the consequent hybrids. Four inbred lines (Zm19, Zm32, Zm51 and Zm61) and two testers (Zm21 late and Zm60 early silking) were used. In the first two seasons, the seeds of the four inbred lines were planted, first 10 plants that flowered early and 10 plants that flowered late were selected, the seeds of the selected plants were multiplied. The seeds of the early and late selected inbred lines were planted in the third seas

In order to identify the role of selection for early and late silking on the inbred lines from Maize (Zea Mays L.) regarding the grain yield of the consequent hybrids. Filed experiment for four seasons (spring and full 2014 and 2015) was conducted in the experimental field of Field Crop Dept., Coll. of Agric., Univ. of Baghdad. Four inbred lines (Zm19, Zm32, Zm51 and Zm61) and two testers (Zm21 late and Zm60 early silking) were used. In the first two seasons, the seeds of the four inbred lines were planted, first 10 plants that flowered early and 10 plants that flowered late were selected and the seeds of the selected plants were multiplied. The seeds of the early and late selected inbred lines were planted in the third

Some fertilizers practices could be used to improve Baraka seed Nigella sativa L. as a medicinal crop like organic farmyard manure which efficiently applied to enhance growth and yield. Thus, a field experiment was conducted out at Research Station in Tikrit-Iraq during 2012/2013 season to estimate the impact of bat guano (0, 75, 125 and 175 kg.ha^-1), seaweed extract as kelpak (0, 1, 2 and 3ml.l^-1) on some physical and chemical essential oil components. Two factors were arranged in factorial experiment in randomized complete block design with three replicates. Thus, results revealed that application of bat guano at 125 kg.ha^-1 was superior in enhancement of essential oil and its some physical and

This study was carried out to isolate, identified and  study two types of Iraqi fresh water  algae Scenedesmus sp. and Oscellatoria sp also determine some of their  active compounds that play an important role as antioxidants and antimicrobial againsts some bacteria. Three types of bacteria Salmonella sp, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus sp that cause spoilage for food were tested. Antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extracts for both algae were examined  toward tested bacteria. Four treatments were prepared which were [S.Ex(T1) ,O.Ex(T2), S.Ex: Of*(T3), 1:1 O.Ex: Of*(T4) 1:1],and (C) as  control treatment with the antibiotic only (Oflaxacin). Disk diffusion method was used t

The number of fungal isolated in this research were 48 fungal isolates that isolated from plant, agricultural and animal waste from three different regions outside Baghdad, and three different regions in Baghdad, screening 24 cellulolytic isolates fungi, which were obtained 8 isolated fungi Aspergillus parasiticus, Trichoderma harzanium, Trichoderma viride, Chladosporium ssp, Alternaria ssp, mycelia asterilia (1), Metarhizium spp and mycelia asterilia (2). Capable of producing bio-alcohol with simultaneous saccharification and fermentation without using the yeasts in fermentation methods

This study was aimed to enhance the immune response of the broilers by vitamin E and Cod liver oil supplement with locally inactivated bivalent vaccine of Newcastle disease and Infectious bronchitis viruses. One hundred and twenty broiler chicks Ross 308 were divided to four groups at 30 chicks of each group. The 2^nd group was vaccinated with 0.5ml/chick of locally inactivated ND-IB vaccine at 5 days old. The 3^rd group was vaccinated with 0.5ml locally ND-IB vaccine and 0.1 ml/chick of VE. The 4^th group was vaccinated with 0.5ml of locally ND-IB vaccine and 0.1ml/chick of Cod liver oil, while the first group was left without vaccination as a control group. All groups were vaccinated with attenuate

The study was conducted in order to know the ability of Korschinskii and Orientalis Almonds to tolerance of the drought stress using several levels of water irrigation (100, 75, 50 and 25%) from the field capacity, with several indicators (number of leaves, the thickness of the leaves, root growth).  The results obtained not affected by the stock in the KorschinskiiAlmonds drought stress (255, 242, 220, 198 leaves), while the number of leaves that accompany the burning edges under the influence of droughtstress  inOrientalis Almonds (250, 130, 60, 12 leaves) at levels of  irrigatio

This research was conducted to study the physico-chemical behavior of copper in predominance soil orders (Entisols) Jadriya and Najaf of Iraq . Two different locations were chosen according to the variation in their soil orders and physical and chemical properties.  Cu adsorption phenomenon were carried out to study copper adsorption using two different soil textures of the surface layer 0-0.3 m with clay loam for the Jadriya site, University of Baghdad and the second (sandy loam) to the site of Najaf by using batch equilibrium at (298

A field experiment was carried out at the private vineyard located at Bara-Bhar village, Duhok Governorate, Kurdistan region, Iraq, during the seasons of 2016 and 2017 to investigate the effect of three concentrations of micronutrients (0, 50 and 100 mg.L^-1) and determine the optimum bud loads per vine for "Mirane" grapevines. Twelve years old uniform vines were chosen and pruned to four different levels of buds load, namely 36, 44, 48 and 64 buds.vine^-1. The factorial experiment within randomized complete block design, with three replication was used. The results showed that the application of micronutrients especially at high concentration significantly increased leaf area, total chlorophyll content, numbe

Both bacterial isolates were obtained from Al-Elwiya Teaching Hospital for Children, Baghdad, Iraq. Clinical specimens were isolated from wounds and identified by Gram staining and by Vitek 2. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy (UV), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction(XRD). Antibacterial activity toward S. aureus was detected for the Silver nanoparticles that created by bacteria, Also the synergistic effect that will be  detected  between the antibiotics and   nanoparticles(AgNPs). The highest effect was recorded i

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique was used as a tool for assessing genetic diversity and species relationships among five species from Rutaceae family [Sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.); Sweet Orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck); Mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco); Pummelo (Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr.) and Grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.)] and four species from Apiaceae [Carrots (Daucus carota L.; Celery (Apium graveolens (Mill.) Pers.);