The present investigation was conducted to estimate the gene action effects in some traits of durum wheat by using crosses two generation of wheat (Albit-9 X omgenil-3) through generation mean analysis during growing season 2016-2017, at Field Crops Department, Collage of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Duhok. The analysis of variance showed significant differences between generations mean for studied traits except spike length which did not significant. The mean value of F₁ generation was higher than the respect parents (P₁ and P₂) F₂, Bc₁ and Bc₂ for most of studied traits in whe

A field experiment was conducted in Ramadi district - Al-Anbar province during the autumn season of 2018. to study the role of compost (sheep residues) and irrigation levels in some physical properties of soil and water consumption a potato under surface and subsurface drip irrigation system. Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in arrangement of a split- split-plot with  three replication were used.The results showed that the addition of 10 Mg.h^-1  resulted in a significant decrease in bulk density (BD) values of 1.12 Mg m^-3, and increase in the values of (MWD) and (Ks) to reach 1.47 mm and 10.3 cm. hr ^-1 respectively. The addition of 50% of the NID reduced the BD to 1.24 Mg m^-3

This study conducted to find the effect of partial replacement of soybean meal by Spirulina Arthospira platensis on some blood picture and biochemical criteria in  common carp Cyprinus carpio. Fish were fed on five experimental diets contained spirulina with ratio 1.45%, 2.90%, 3.54% and 6.10% of the total diet as well as control ( without spirulina) for 56 days . Results of the statistical analysis showed a significant decrease (p≤ 0.05) in the concentration of hemoglobin in treated fish fed on spirulina diets, meanwhile a significantly differences (p≤0.05) for stress index and the albumin criteria for fish fed at fifth diet comparing with control diet. The aspartate amino transferase

This study was carried out at Poultry Research Station, State Board of Agricultural Research, Ministry of Agriculture for the period from 27 September 2014 to 9 November 2014 to evaluate the Supplementation of different levels of Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) on productive performance of broiler. Four hundred eighty chicks (Ross-308),one day old were randomly distributed to four dietary treatments for 42 days of age with 3 replicates/vtreatment (40 bird/replicate). Experimental treatments were as follow; T1 (Control diet) without supplement, while the treatment T2,T3 and T4  were Supplemented with 1, 1.5, 2 g CLA /kg diet  respectively. The results showed significant (P ≤ 0.05) incre

This study was conducted in a central laboratory of Agriculture College\ University of Baghdad, to study the effect of treated barley grains with urea as 1: 1 urea: barley grain (w:w) with or without heating on the in-vitro digestibility, total nitrogen content and releasing urea, the results showed a high significant increases (P<0.01) in total nitrogen content of treated barley grains with urea compared with non-treated, where it was 14.77% for barley soaked 24 hours with urea and 17.18% for barley- urea treated with heat and pressure in compared to 2.15% for untreated barley grains. There were

This study was conducted to determine the effect of corn gluten (0 and 9%) supplementation to low quality roughages (date palm frond, reeds, corn cobs and barley straw) treated with 5% urea on chemical composition and in vitro digestibility,The treatments  were incubated for 0,20 and 30 days at ambient temperature (30-37 C°).The results showed that  nitrogen content, cellulose, metabolizable energy(ME) dry matter InVitro digestibility (IDMD) and Organic matter InVitro digestibility (IOMD)were increased significantly (P<0.01).The dry matter (DM),organic matter(OM) ,neutral detergent fiber (NDF),hemicelluloses,  Lignin and pH were significant decrease (P<0.01) in date palm frond by treated with urea and corn g

The aim of this study to analysis Supply Response to the Corn in Iraq for Period (1980 – 2014), And effect of Price Volatility on the Supply Response through the study of the effect the explanatory variables (Average Prices of corn, for Previou year, Area Planted For Previou Year, The weighted Price (Competitive Price), The Price of Fertilizer (Urea), Total flows of Tigris And Euphrates Rivers, The Expected Price variance) on Dependent Variable (Area Planted for Corn Crop). The results indicated A Clear Disorders (Volatility) In the Average Corn Prices for Period (1991- 1996) In other Words, The Time Series of Corn Prices, And This Was an Excuse to Go to Estimate in the ARCH Family Model. It was Selected Model EGARCH (2,2) Acco

This experiment was conducted in the lathhouse of the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Gardening, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad to study the effect of two nutrition compounds called Cytojeep and Florin on the vegetative and flowering characters of Pansy (Viola tricolor) during the fall season of 2016. Plants were planted in 20 cm/diameter pots and sprayed two times with different concentrations of Cytojeep 0, 0.5, and 1 ml.L^-1 and Florin 0, 0.15, and 0.30 ml.L^-1 started after one month of planting with 21 days intervals. The results were as follows: Spraying with Cytojeep resulted in improving all vegetative and flowering traits under investigation. The foliar application of

An experiment was conducted at the vegetable  field, Department of Horticulture and Landscape Gardening, Collage of Agriculture, University of Bagdad, to study the response of two cultivars of okra for different types of covering and their effect on growth, early and total yield. Two cultivars of okra ( Lahloba and Batra) were used, Two soil mulchs (with or without black mulch), and two tunnels cover (white and Agryl-17) were tested. This study was designed as a factorial (2*2*2) within RCBD with three replicates (24 experimental units).Results indicated: black soil mulch+ white cover treatment significantly increased the speed and percentage of germination, plant highest, leaves number, dry weight of the vegetative parts gi

This research was conducted at the university of the University of   Baghdad / Al-Jadireya during the seasons of 2016  to study the effects of applying the root stimulator Essential plus 1-0-1 and spraying   of the Acadian seaweed and  fertilizer (NPK) and their effects on the vegetative and root growth of grape transplants cv. Summer Royal. A factorial experiment was carried out according to the randomized complete block design with three replications .The experiment included 12 treatments, the first treatment (organic nutriment) (A0), included adding the root stimulator (Essential plus 1-0-1) to the soil with 4 ML.L^-1 (A

This research was carried out in the nursery of the University of Baghdad- Al-Jadireya during the growing seasons of 2015 and 2016 t0 investigate the effects of two organic fertilizers; root stimulator(Essential plus 1-0-1) and Acadian extraction seaweed as well as NPK on the vegetative growth  traits and some nutrient elements content in the leaves of grape transplants cv. Summer Royal. A factorial experiment was carried out according to the randomized complete block design(RCBD) with three replications. The experiment included 12 treatments, the first factor (organic nutrient) included adding the root stimulator to the soi

In this study the Trichoderma harizanum was to know the possibility of using it as bio fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizers, where it was added to planted soil with tomato seeds in the following proportions:  adding the fungus with concentration 1%,2% - adding the fungus with NPK fertilizer as mixture with percentage 1:1,2:2 -adding NPK fertilizer alone with concentration  1%,2% , after three weeks, the results of plantation showed significant increase for all examined characteristics in each  : germination ratio , seedling length ,dry and wet weight  in the case of usage of Trichoderma Hariznum fungus only in different concentrations , the best result was at concentration 2% comparing to contro

This rsearch was conducted on apricot trees cv. Labeeb at the college of Agriculture – University of  Baghdad/ Abu Gharib during the growing seasons 2013 and 2014, to investigate the effect of organic fertilizer extract and the method of  application on growth and yield parameters, the extract was applied in the biggning of spring by two ways the first foliar application with three concentrations 1, 2 and 3 g.L^-1 and second ground application 2, 4 and 6 g.L^-1. The experiment were designed using Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D) and Genstat program for statistical analysis. Results of the first season showed that the foliar spraying with high concentration gave highest values for branches

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of sucrose, poly ethylene glycol (PEG) on hypocotyl induced callus of Moringa oleifera at the plant tissue culture lab.- College of Agriculture– University of Baghdad from February 2015 to May 2016. Sucrose concentrations were 30, 60, and 90, 120 g .L ^-1 and PEG 0, 25, 50 and 100 g .L ^-1 added to MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg .L ^-1 of 2, 4-D and 0.1 mg .L ^-1 of NAA. MS medium supplemented with120 g .L ^-1 of sucrose gave the best amount of Zeatin, Quercetin and Kaempferol reached to 103.4, 1324.6 and 966.5 µg. g dry weight of callus^-1 respectively. The concentrations o

This research was conducted at the plant tissue culture lab. - College of Agriculture – University of Baghdad from February 2015 to May 2016. The Study was aimed to investigate the in vitro propagation of Moringa oleifera, by inoculation a single nodal segment in MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of plant growth regulators. The best responded of single node reached to 90% was achieved with MS medium supplemented with 1 mg. L^-1 BA and 0.2 mg. L^-1 IAA. At Multiplication stage results showed that MS medium supplemented with 2 mg. L^-1 of BA with 0.1

The area under study is located at the lower of resent Mesopotamian plain of Euphrates river, located between  longitude 43 35 to 43 35 East and latitude 33 22 to 33 27 North with area (3445.38 ha.) at 169 path and 37 row of Landsat-5 taken by Thematic Mapper image sensor (TM). The space images taken during the year 1985, were used ERDAS V.8.2 and GIS V.9.2 Software. using data of soil survey report.A study show ability of Spectral reflectance to detecting the  Aridisols and Entisols and can be also detecting sub- great group at Typic Haplogypsids and Typic Haplosalids taxonomy units appeared to be distinguished and isolated. While there were difficult to detecting

This experiment was conducted to study the role of potassium and calcium mixture to mitigate  salt stress of some genotypes of wheat to improve growth and yield of wheat the enzymatic situation and root architecture, this experiment included three factors the first factor was three levels of potassium and calcium K50+Ca100, K100+Ca200 and K200+Ca400 µM.L^-1, and the second factor was three levels of salinity 0NaCl and 20 NaCl and 40µM.L^-1NaCl, and the third factor was four varieties of wheat namely: with three replications.The result can be summarized as follow: Abu Ghraib3 variety was superior in diameter of root and the activity of some antioxidant enzymes SOD in shoot. Ibaa 99 variety was superior i

Micronutrients can be considered as one of the main component for high and good quality agricultural products and human health.  Many Researchers and Scientists around the world indicated that more than 3 billion person around the world affected by shortage in micronutrients especially Fe and Zn .This problem cannot be solved through food additives at developing poor countries and Biofortification is the only answer through naturally enriched agricultural products with micronutrients.  Micronutrients can limit food quality and quantity in spite of the low amounts required by crops compared to macronutrients. Micronutrient are available in different formulas and structures as mineral ,synthetic chelated and organic ferti

In order to identify maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes had tolerate  drought, Seven drought indices and 18 maize genotypes were used,  to determine the efficiency of theses indices to identify tolerant and susceptible genotypes, Also interpretation the relationship between these indices using  principle component , cluster of multivariate analysis and rank-sum method.  The results indicated that MP, GMP, and STI were positively and significant correlated with Yp and Ys. Therefore, these indices have the potential to identify genotypes own well performance to stress and non-stress  conditions. Screening drought tolerant genotypes using these indices discriminating&nbs

 The aim of this study to improve the growth, production, and fruits quality of cucumber, Two experiments were carried out. firstly; a field experiment to produce cucumber by the soilless culture system. This experiment was to study effect of nutrients solution (A₁, A₂), growth media (C₁, C₂, C_3, and C₄), and methods of flowering management (B₁, B₂, B₃ and B₄). Second experiment was conducted to study the effect of storage methods on the yield of 32 field treatments combination (ABC), for a week in four cases of storage as follows: S₁ repr

This research was conducted at the fields of College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad during spring  and fall seasons 2017 to study the effect of addition methods of Neem leaves extract and organic fertilizer in the productivity and quality of two potatoes cultivars. The experiment was carried out using split plot arrangement within Randomized Complete Block Design, with three replicates. The experiment included two Potato cultivars ,Burren (V1) and Riviera(V2) as the main factors and nutritional treatments as follow: control treatment T1, Recommend fertilizer T2, cows manure 5% of soil weight T3, irrigation with cows manure  T4, cows manure 5%of soil weight+recommend chemical fertilizer T5, Spraying the Neem leave

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of nano fertilizers and application method on growth and yield of date palm. The experiment was carried out at AL- Rabeaa date palms station - Department of Horticulture - Ministry of Agriculture on 10 years old of Khastawi date palm cultivar during 2016 - 2017. Factorial experiment (3×6) within randomized complete block design with three replications .carried out using two factors: the first was three application methods; foliar application, injection with trunk and soil fertilization (A1, A2, A3) respectively. The second factor was different types of fertilizer, seaweed extract of the

The aim of this study is to measure the levels of heavy metals lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chrome (Cr), nickel (Ni), arsenic (As), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and iron (Fe) in apple fruits with some selected rootstock from the Mitrovica region, Kosovo. The concentrations of heavy metals in soil and apple tissue plants were determined by using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS).  Compared with the reference site in contaminated areas, soil and plant contents of all analyzed metals are higher. The results of this study showed that different types of rootstock have different affinities for heavy metals. The average concentrations ranged from 1.85, 0.37, 6.88, 8.03, 0.05, 2.03, 4.36, 5.09 mg/kg for Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, As, Zn, Cu and Fe wi

This experiment was conducted to evaluate stadying the effect of different speed of two plows types on some machinary unit performance indicators. New Holland TD80 was used in this study.Three  machinery speeds included; 2.72,4.34 and 6.23 km.hr^-1 which represent  main plot and two plows included; moldboard plow and disk plow which represent sub plot were used in this study. slippage percentage, practical productivity, Field efficiency, soil volume disturbs and fuel consumption were measured in this experiment Split plot design.The results can be summarized as Fallow; The 6.26 km.hr^-1   speed  gave  higher  practical  productivity  0.31  ha.hr^-1, h

Laboratory and field experliments were conducted  at the college of Agriculture, university  of  Baghdad during the spring season , 2012 to estimate the  population density,  seasonal  abundance  and  the nature  of  damage  of  the corn leafhopper on 4 cultivars of corn . The results was showed that the infestation with the leafhopper Empoasca decedans ( paoli)  begining after seedling emergence. Symptoms  characterized by the presence of yellow lines on leaves which turn into brown and kill of seedlings in severe infestation . Two peaks of the leafhopper were observed during the growing season ,the first high peak of 16/leafhapper /trap occure during

This study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of the substrate on the productivity and quality for Flammulina velutipes. Results of the effect of different agro-waste sawdust (SD), wheat straw (WS) and palm waste (PW). on the mean fungal mycelium growth shows that Flammulina velutipes gave the highest mean fungal mycelium growth on SD culture media amended with 2, 3, 4% lime at 30c. evaluation the efficiency of the above  agro-waste  substrate morphological and productivity showed that, the shortest period for the full growth of F. velutipes mycelium was on SD substrate, the shortest period for the pinhead formation 8.6days on  the fungus gave highest yield

This study was carried out on Euphrates River, which is one of the main sources of water in Iraq to assess the water quality of Southeast of DhiQar province. Water samples were collected monthly and seasonally at three stations from October 2016 to September 2017. Eight parameters were analyzed, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, total hardness, total dissolved solid, hydrogen ion, turbidity, chloride and electrical conductivity. Monthly variations of water quality index were differing among months in three stations of study area in Euphrates River. The lowest value of WQI in station 1 was poor (1.32) in June, and the highest (2.30) in November, the value was indicated a good water. At station 2, WQI values ranged from 1.28 in

The precise extracting, studying, and interpretation of watershed morphometric database is the constitutional adobe for watershed accurate geomorphological comprehension building. In this work a new approach was adopted by utilizing three different schemes to extract morphometric database, in each scheme the principle of data integration used to define the optimum algorithm for database building; then after extraction; Principle of geographical information intersection applied to form factual geomorphological comprehension for the studied region. In the first scheme according to streams profile it was obvious that geomorphological age decrease with stream order increment (the period generally decrease when oncoming to the watersh

This experiment was carried out at the apple orchard - College of Agricultural Engineering Science - University of Baghdad during the growing seasons 2017 and 2018.  A factorial experiment was conducted within a Randomized Complete Block Design using three replicates and two factors, factor (S) which stands for trees sprayed with potassium silicate as a source of silicon at four levels (0, 2, 4 and 6 ml L^-1), while factor (C) represents trees sprayed with a Calcium and Boron combination using three concentrations (0, 0.5 g L^-1 Ca-EDTA +10 mg L^-1 B, and 1 g L^-1 Ca-EDTA+20 mg L^-1 B). Main results showed that silicon had a significant effect on Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassi

This research was conducted to study the effect of some plant growth regulators on in vitro shoots multiplication of stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni). The experiments included tests of various combinations of KIN with IBA or IAA in the shoot multiplication. Results indicated that KIN at 1.0 mg. L^-1 plus 0.3 mg. L^-1 of IBA produced the highest number of shoots (3.5 shoots) while KIN at 1.5 mg. L^-1 plus IBA at 1.0 mg. L^-1 produced the lowest shoot length (1.14 cm).  Hormone free medium produced the highest rate of the leaves number reached 28.56 leaves. KIN and IBA interaction increased