الخلاصة : إن التغيرات الكبيرة والسريعة في الكثافة السكانية في جميع البلدان والمجتمعات أدى الى زيـادة اعــــــداد المسنين فيها ,  ان التغيرات الجسمية المصاحبة للشـيخوخة وما يرافقـها من الامــراض وزيـــادة   تــــأثـيـر الادويـــــة المتناولة في هذه المرحلة العمرية كلها عوامل متداخلة تؤثر على الاحتياجات الغذائية لكبار الســــــــــن وأيضا يـــــزداد افتقار المواد الغذائية

(2000) Summary:
(2001) Background: infertility is defined as the inability of a couple to conceive after one year of a regular unprotected intercourse with the same partner. Many factors seem to play a role in male infertility.
(2002) Aim: to evaluate the role of some seminal plasma biochemical components in male infertility.
(2003) Methods: seminal plasma of 100 infertile men & 25 fertile men were chosen as a subject of this study.
(2004) Different biochemical parameters that are related to oxidative stress were measured. These included Glutathione Peroxidase (GSHPX),superoxide dismutase (SOD),cerulopasmin (CP) scavenging activity, albumin & total sulfhydral (T-SH) & its individual parts (protein & non protei

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Background:

Background:

Background:

الخلفية: قصور القلب هو متلازمة إكلينيكية معقدة تنتج عن أي مرض قلبي وظيفي أو هيكلي يقلل من قدرة البطين على تعبئة الدم أو ضخه. فقر الدم شائع لدى مرضى قصور القلب ويرتبط بالتدهور من خلال تنشيط المسارات الهرمونية العصبية. عقار داباكليفلوزين  هو مثبط انتقائي وقابل للانعكاس للناقل المشترك للصوديوم الجلوكوز 2 (SGLT2). يزيد داباجليفلوزين من مستوى الهيموجلوبين من خلال آليات مختلفة مثل زيادة تركيز البلازما عن طر

Background: The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence and the risk factors of asymptomatic pyuria in diabetic female patients.
Methods: The study included 100 diabetic female patients and 100 non diabetic females attending the outpatient in the period from Sep.2001 to Sep.2002.Patients with symptoms of
urinary tract infection were excluded. Asymptomatic pyuria was defined as the presence of more than 10 leukocytes\high power field in an uncentrifuged random urine sample.
Results: Diabetic women more often had asymptomatic pyuria than non diabetic women. The prevalence of asymptomatic pyuria was significantly higher in patients with duration of diabetes exceeding 15 years than those below. Di

Background: Open access gastroduodenoscopy allows general practitioners to request gastroduodenoscopy without prior referral to a specialist. Endoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract in experienced hands has definite advantages over conventional barium-meal examination.
Patients and Methods: A total of 266 patients who were referred directly from general practitioner or a specialist attending for esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) to the Endoscopy Unit At Al-Kindi Teaching Hospital from September- 2008 to Feb-2010 as an open access policy. Six inclusion criteria were used to include patients in our study group , while 136 patients had underwent EGD were referred from outpatient clinics of the hospital

Background: TIDM is known to be polygenic disease that appears from the interaction of mutation in multiple genes including HLA. The autoimmune mediated destruction of
pancreatic β-cells is reflected by the presence of autoantibodies against prominent antigens in the pancreatic β-cells.
Objective: This study was designed to investigate the role of HLA-class I and class II antigens in the etiology of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and also assessment of
glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65) autoantibodies in the patients at the onset of the disease.
Patients & Methods: Sixty T1DM patients who were newly onset of the disease (diagnosed less than five months) were selected. Eighty apparently healthy

Objective:
To assess the subjective rating of quality of life of college students in University Of Science And Technology in Jordan as a sample of healthy educated
young population through applying the WHOQOL-BREF instrument as a field trial in Jordan and to compare the finding with similar previous study.
Methods
Three hundreds forms of Arabic version of the self-reporting questionnaire WHOQOL-BREF were distributed to students of third class attending the lecture
halls in three colleges (college of Engineering, college of science, college of  medicine) in the university campus in AL Ramtha–Jordan from the first of March
to first of may 2007., with respect to university regulations,interested parti

Background:To evaluate the accuracy of serum uric acid to predict maternal and fetal complications in women with pre- eclampsia.
Design: Prospective study. Setting: Tikrit Teaching Hospital.
Subject and Methods: Fifty normotensive and forty-three pre-eclamptic pregnant women at (20-24) weeks of gestation were the study subject, serum concentrations of uric acid
were measured and examine the correlations between serum uric acid level with fetal and maternal complications.
Result: Serum concentration of uric acid in pre-eclamptic women were significantly higher than in gestational age match normotensive pregnant women, and women with pre-eclampsia
and elevated uric acid concentration at increased risk of

Background: Acute inflammatory demylinating polyneuropathy (Guillain-Barr'e syndrome) is the commonest cause of acute neuromuscular paralysis in most countries. The onset of symptoms in patients with GBS can either be acute or sub acute .Ventilatory failure is primarily caused by inspiratory muscles weakness although weakness of abdominal and accessory muscles of respiration, retained airway secretion leading to aspiration and atelectasis are all contributing factors. Nutritional support of critically sick children is important for metabolic maintenance and
tissue repair.
Methods: To identify clinical and respiratory features associated with progression to respiratory failure in children with GBS. Twen

Background: Bone healing of fractures is still an open field for research due to its biological complexity. Adequately adapted experimental model is essential for understanding the factors
influencing the biological process of bone healing. Rabbits provide a good animal model for bone healing studies; its bone had Haversian system similar to human.
Material and Methods: Six young locally breaded New Zeeland male rabbits were used in this study, the study conducted in animal house in college of medicine at November and December 2009. Surgical fracture (osteotomy) induced operatively in right ulna under general anesthesia by a hand saw. At the end of fifth weeks, the animals' scarified and the specimens taken

Background: foreign bodies Inhalation still a common problem in Iraq, occurring in both lay and professional segments of our society. Their successful removal is based on a collected experience of our thoracic surgical teams.
Patients&Methods: A prospective study of two hundred forty eight patients referred to the department of thoracic surgery of the surgical subspecialties hospital of the medical city teaching complex during the year (2007) due to witnessed or suspicion of foreign body inhalation. Patients were grouped into group 1 with definite history of foreign body inhalation and group 2 with no such history.
Results: In group 1, out of 203(81.85%) patients, about 169(83.25%) patients were pr

Background:
Angiogenesis plays a crucial role in tumorigensis; several reports have described a significant increase in microvessel density (MVD) in colorectal carcinogenesis There are
several methods to measure the angiogenesis in neoplasms, but immunohitochemistry seems to be the mainstay of all. This method enable us to measure the tumor microvessel densities highlighted by using antibodies directed against endothelial cell markers like CD31,CD34 or others; then assessment of MVD by manual count of the number of microvessels in what appears to be the most vascular area of the tumor(called the hot spot) using a protocol described by Weidner et al.Automated cellular imaging system is used to analyze

Backround: The Solid state fermentation has several advantage including absence of free water , reduced volume of production media utilized for high products and the relatively low costs of production.
Methods: Thirty local isolates of soil obtained from Genetic Engneering and Biotechnology Institute. Nutrient agar was used to growth strains examination to antibacterial agent and Wheat bran and fish meal were used in combination (0-100%of each )and divided in 10 gm lost /flask . Each flask is inoculated with different numbers of Streptomyces spores and incubated for 5 days at 28°C, then the supernet was extracted and were assayed as antibacterial
Results: The ability of 30 local isolates of Streptomyc

المقدمة:

علاج اعادة التوعي لمرضى الجذع الايسر او الشرايين التاجية الثلاثة بقى مسألة حجة لوقت طويل سواء من قبل التدخل التاجي الجلدي او تطعيم طريق الشريان التاجي سنتاكس صممت لتقيم استراتيجية اعادة التوعي المثالية بين التدخل التاجي الجلدي وتطعيم طريق الشريان التاجي لمرضى الجذع الايسر او مرضى الشرايين التاجية الثلاث.

الطريقة:دراسة اجريت في ال

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a prevalent chronic inflammatory skin condition with a familial tendency. It affects approximately 10%-20% of children and 1%-3% of adults worldwide. Chenopodium murale is clinically proven for treating many medical conditions, such as AD, due to its easy application and efficacy. Salvia plant has an anti-inflammatory effect on AD cases treated with phenolic compounds.

Objective: To determine the anti-inflammatory effect of the phytosterol fraction of Chenopodium murale (CM) in comparison to Salvia frigida (SF).

Methods: This study was conducted from December 2020 to June 2021 in the Department of Pharmacology, College of Medic

Background: Adenoid hypertrophy is one of the most common causes of nasal obstruction, and physicians use different methods to investigate it to reach a definite diagnosis. 

Objectives: This study aims to determine whether there are clinical differences between grade II and IV adenoid hypertrophy and whether there is a positive correlation between adenoid-nasopharyngeal ratio and endoscopic examination findings.

Methods: This study was carried out on 120 patients; they were confirmed with five clinical tests (graded mirror, water-retention, lip-seal, deep-breath, and functional tests) and lateral cephalometric radiographs to measure the adenoid-na

الخلفية:

ان مرض  ابيضاض الدم الليمفاوي المزمن  CLL))  هو سرطان من الدرجة المنخفضة للخلايا اللمفاوية نوع بي. وفى عدد من الدراسات وجد إن كلا من 67 k وهو بروتين كبير موجود في نواة الخلية وهومرتبط مع تكاثر الخلايا  و  الجين الورمي –     Bcl2المقترن باختلال توازن المسار الجوهري للموت المبرمج للخلايا ,  يرتبطان بسوء التكهن ومقاومة الاستجابة للعلاج الكيميائ

الخلفية : داء السكري النوع الأول هو نوع من داء السكري الناتج من تحطم مناعي ذاتي لنوع من خلايا البنكرياس الفارزة للأنسولين التي تؤدي إلى النقص ألدائمي للأنسولين, يصنف النوع الأول من داء السكر إما إيجابي أو سلبي بالنسبة إلى الأجسام المضادةالذاتيه المختلفة ذات صلة بوظيفة البنكرياس .ومن الأجسام المضادة حمض أنتي كلوتامك دي كربوكسيليز يميز باعتباره واحدا من  العلامات المصلية الرئيسية   لداء

Background: genetic factors were considered to play a possible role the development of autoimmune hepatitis.
Patients and methods: polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primers (PCRSSP) was the method used to asses HLA-typing of 100 blood samples of 60 AIH patients and 40 healthy normal controls.
Results: comparison between AIH patients and healthy controls showed several antigens deviations in their frequencies. HLA-A*113 (A1/-/Null) observed to play a possible risk factor in this disease while significant loss of HLA-A*2 allele were clearly observed which prompt us to believe that it could act as a protective factor, on the other hand, increased frequency of HLA-B*8 & B*14 were statist

Background: Endoscopic treatment is widely accepted as the most effective method for controlling acute ulcer bleeding and preventing ulcer rebleeding.
Objective: is to compare efficacy and safety of local endoscopic injection of adrenaline to normal saline in bleeding peptic ulcers and to identify the risk of rebleeding after successful endoscopic hemostasis.
Patients and methods: This is a prospective study of 77 patients with bleeding peptic ulcers were treated by local endoscopic injection of adrenaline or NS. Patients who succeeded initial hemostasis were admitted and followed for rebleeding events. Rebleeding was confirmed by urgent endoscopy followed by referral to urgent surgery. Outcome was mea

دراسة معرفة وممارسات ومعتقدات الأم حول علاج اليرقان الوليدي في البيت في مستشفيين تعليميين للأطفال

الأستاذ الدكتور نعمان نافع حميد (1) ، نور جعفر عبد الحسين (2) ، منى عصام أحمد (2) ، نور الهدى رحيم كاظم (2)

(1) قسم طب الأطفال - جامعة بغداد - كلية الطب

(2) كلية الطب ، جامعة بغداد

 الخلفية: أن اليرقان الوليدي (NNJ) هو أحد الأمراض الأكثر شيوعًا على مستوى العالم. يُعتقد أن

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خلفية الدراسة : سرطان الفسحة خلف الانف من السرطانات النادرة في العراق والعلاج الاساسي لهذا السرطان هو العلاج الشعاعي.

الغاية من الدراسة: هذه الدراسة لغرض بيان فائدة العلاج الكيمياوي لمرض سرطان الفسحة خلف الانف.

طرق البحث: هذه الدراسة تشمل ستون مريض مصابين بهذا المرض تم تشخيصهم باخذ عينة من الفسحة خلف الانف وهم يراجعون في شعبة الاورا

الهدف: تقييم العلاقة بين مستوى الزنك في المصل و حدوث عيوب الانبوب العصبي في الامهات اللواتي انهين حملهن في الفصل الثاني من الحمل استحثاثيا نتيجة لوجود عيوب الانبوب العصبي في الاجنة0

مكان الدراسة : قسم امراض النساء و الولادة في مستشفى بغداد التعليمي – مجمع مدينة الطب ,بغداد,العراق0

وقت الدراسة : ابتداءآ من شهر تشرين الثاني 2008 و لغاية ت

مقدمة: تحديد المرحلة لسرطان الحنجرة الابتدائي يلعب دورا مهما في العلاج الجراحي . هذا التحديد يعتمد على نتائج الفحص السريري و الاشعة المقطعية,مدعومة بالفحص النسيجي للورم المستاصل.

اهداف الدراسة: لتقييم دقة تحديد المرحلة بواسطة الفحص السريري والاشعة المقطعية.

تصميم الدراسة:اثنان واربعون مريضا مصابون بسرطان الحنجرة تم ادخالهم الى شع

الخلفية العلمية : التهاب الفم القلاعي المتكرر هو حالة شائعة تتميز بنوبات متكررة من تقرحات الفم. العوامل الوراثية قد تسبب هذا المرض وذلك من خلال دراسات عديدة بشأن ألأرتباط بين التهاب الفم القلاعي المتكرر وانواع من مستضدات الخلايا البيضاء البشرية  المحددة وراثيا.

أهداف الدراسة: صممت هذه الدراسة  لإلقاء الضوء على وجود علاقة محتملة لبعض اليلات مستضدات الخل