Background: To determine the efficacy of adenoidectomy in relieving symptoms of chronic sinusitis in children.
Patients and methods :A prospective study carried out on 35 patients who underwent adenoidectomy or Adeno-tonsillectomy between May 2004 and October 2005.The patient ages ranged from 3 to 12 years. Five patients were unavailable for follow-up and did not complete the study so they are excluded from. The pre-operative symptoms were Rhinorrohea, Nasal congestion, Headache, Postnasal drainage, Cough, Halitosis and Irritability.
Also recorded was Mouth breathing, Fever and Frequent antibiotic use. Telephone interviews with the patient's caregivers were conducted to collect information followi

Background : the major focus of respiratory cytology is the diagnosis of lung cancer , carcinoma of the lung is now reported to be the most commonly diagnosed non- Cutaneous malignancy in the world. Iraq has faced the increase in incidence of this lethal type of cancer. Sputum cytology is a convenient method of screening and diagnosing primary epithelial tumor of the lung which is of many types include fresh smear ,Sacccomanno smear, and mailing container method.
Methods : Sputum cytological study was done on 50 patients suspected to have pulmonary carcinoma prepared by fresh smear method ,Saccomanno method ,and mailing container
method.One, two,or three samples taken from each patient.Slides were prepared

الخلفيه:- هشاشة العظام هي حالة العظام التي تجعل العظام أكثرنحافه بسبب انخفاض كثافة العظم ويصبح الأشخاص معرضين لخطر الكسور، خصوصا في الورك، فقرات العمود الفقري والمعصم.

الطريقه:-  اجريت هذه الدراسه في مستشفى بغداد التعليمي حيث تم جمع اربع وثمانون عينه من الدم (42أمراة ممن أصببن بمرض هشاشه العظام) واثنان وابعون أمراة سليمة.اجري هذا البحث للفتره من كانون الاول 2

Background: targeted cancer nanotherapy represents a golden goal for nanobiotechnology to overcome the severe side effects of conventional chemotherapy. Hybrid nanoliposomes (HLs) composed of L-α-dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and Polyoxyethylene (23) dodecyl ether (C12 (EO)23 ) can integrate selectively into the cancer cell membrane inducing cancer cell death.
Objectives: to assess the capacity of locally (in hose) synthesized hybrid nanoliposome to inhibit the growth of cervix cancer cells (HeLa) and induce apoptosis.
Patients and Methods: hybrid nanoliposomes(nHLs) synthesized by sonication method from a mixture of 90% mol DMPC and 10% mol C12(EO)23 in tissue culture media RPMI-1640 for 6 hours at 300W and 40ºC then fil

 الخلفية :  ان ارتفاع انزيم الاميليز في مصل الدم يحصل في اغلب الحالات لدى مرضى قرحة الاثنى عشر المفجورة . وهذا الارتفاع يحصل بسبب تسرب بعض عصارات البنكرياس من جهة الثقب مع امتصاص هذه السوائل من قبل الغشاء البريتوني من جهة ، ومن جهة ثانية بسبب اعتلال البنكرياس الناتج من نضوح الانزيمات الهاضمة من الثقب .

الهدف من الدراسة ، ملاحضة ارتفاع انزيم الاميليز في م

Background The Medicines and Health care products Regulatory Agency stated in 2003 that doctors should endeavor to avoid using products in treatments not covered by their product license. Foley catheters are commonly used in the management of epistaxis although their product license does not cover this.
Aims : To study the extent of the use of these catheters and the knowledge that otolaryngologists had of their legal status.
Method : By undertaking a questionnaire survey of some Otolaryngologists in Baghdad 
Results : Most members appear to use Foley catheters in the management of epistaxis; however most of them are not aware that the product is not licensed for this purpose. Because of this lack o

التقديم :  تشكل الإباضة الحدث المركزي في علم وظائف الأعضاء  للمبيض ،وضعف الاباضة  هو سبب العقم عند النساء ذات الصلة, وفرضية أن الإباضة في الثدييات هي مماثلة للتفاعلات الالتهابية منذ ان وصفت  العديد  من الجزيئات المسؤولة عن التسبب في التهاب بما في ذلك سلسلة PGS، leukotrienes والسيتوكينات المختلفة في المبيض.

الأهداف: تم تصميم هذه الدراسة للمقارنة بين الآثا

Background : A retrospective study was done in the Pediatric ward /AL-Kadhimiyia Teaching Hospital on cases diagnosed as idiopathic thrombocytopenic Purpura admitted since the first of January1992 – the end of December 2004.
Aim of the study : The objective of this paper is to review the natural history of idiopathic thrombocytopenic Purpura , presenting feature and response to treatment.
Patients and methods : The review included age ,sex , clinical presentation , physical finding , complications , investigation ,treatment and course of the diseases .
Results: total number of the patients were 65, peak age was between (2 -5) years, 40 cases (61.53%). Females were affected more than Males with male: female

Background: Diabetes mellitus type-1 is the most common endocrine metabolic disorder in childhood. Mononeuropathy, generalized polyneuro-pathy and autonomic neuropathy are frequent complications of diabetes mellitus and may give rise to troublesome manifestations.
Methods: sixty children suffering from type 1 diabetes mellitus admitted in Children Welfare Hospital- Medical City-Baghdad in the period from 1st Dec2000-31stJuly 2001 were included in
this prospective descriptive study. History, especially symptoms of peripheral neuropathy, examination specially signs of peripheral neuropathy, absent sinus arrhythmia and postural
hypotension and investigations like nerve conduction study were all performed and ana

Background: To shed some light on the clinical features of patients with Reiter's syndrome.
Methods: Reiter's syndrome in 50 patients (38 males and 12 females) was reported in a prospective study. All patients were subjected to detailed history, full clinical assessment and a slit
lamp eye examination by an Ophthalmologist. A Dermatologist opinion was sought when needed and thorough laboratory and radiological investigations were made for all patients.
Results: Reiter's syndrome was post-dysnteric in 44 (88%) of patients and post-venereal in 6 (12%) patients. Its clinical features are similar to other series. Arthritis was noted in all
patients, diarrhea in 44 (88%), eye lesions in 40 (80%) and mucocutaneous le

الخلفية:على الرغم من اعتبار فحص الأمواج فوق الصوتية الطريقة الأولى للتعرف على ولتمييز كتل ملحقات الرحم ولكن هناك بعض الحالات التي تعيق أجراء فحص السونار بدقة (مثل السمنة) والتي قد تعتبر من دواعي استعمال فحص الرنين المغناطيسي لتقييم الكتل المبيضية المعقدة وغير المحددة

الهدف :لمعرفة قدرة التصوير بالرنين المغناطيسي لوصف كتل ملحقات الرحم الغير محددة عند الفحص ب

ملخص البحث: اجريت هذه الدراسة في مستشفى الطفل المركزي التعليمي للفترة من ( كانون الثاني2007-كانون الثاني2009), تضمنت الدراسة اجراء طريقة سحب القولون عبر فتحة المخرج لثمانية مرضى يعانون من شلل القولون الولادي.

طريقة البحث: تضمنت هذه الدراسة ثمانية مرضى يعانون من شلل القولون الولادي تراوحت اعمارهم بين ( 1 شهر- 6 سنة) اجريت لهم عملية سحب القزلون عن طريق فتحة المخرج

Background: Increase in marrow reticulin has long been recognized in primary myelofibrosis, but little was known about the reticulin structure of leukemic marrows, there has been a tendency to accept an increase in marrow reticulin as evidence of myelofibrosis. Similarly, there has been a tendency to diagnose as "acute myelofibrosis" cases of acute leukemia with brisk reticulin and early collagen production. This study was undertaken to determine incidence, type and pattern of fibrosis in the bone marrow of patients with acute leukemia, both acute lymphoblastic and acute myeloid leukemia.
Method: thirty-five bone marrow biopsy specimens from patients with acute leukemia were examined histologically; connective tissue stains were appli

Background: The infertility affects about 20% to 28% of Iraqi population and the primary and secondary infertility cover 80% and 20% of infertility cases respectively. It has been
shown that the major male infertility factors include oligospermia, astheno-spermia, teratospermia and azoospermia.
Objectives: The objective of this study was to compare the fertilizing capacity, in vitro embryonic developmental rate and embryo implantation following the use of epididymal,
testicular, and ejaculated sperm in azoospermic and severely teratospermic men. Patients and Methods: The males in experiment one were divided into three groups, severely teratospermic group (STSG, n=44), azoospermic-epididymal group (ASEG,

Background: Type 2 diabetes negatively affects the biochemical parameters of bone turnover more than obesity and is associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis and fragility fractures. Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are linked to increased fracturing risk; however, the effect of obesity on diabetes-related bone deficit is unknown.

Objective: The goal of this research is to compare the indications, bone density, and bone turnover in T2DM men and a control group, and to investigate the effect of body mass index on bone turnover levels.

Subjects, Material and Method: This case-control study was conducted on 120 men whose ages were from 40 - 69 years. They were groupe

Background: Correct mouth function is one of the functional matrices that contribute to the growth of the maxilla, which is connected to the growth of orbit, and vice versa.

Objective: to ascertain how dental malocclusion affects the visual acuity-related salivary transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1).

Patients and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study on 653 students, 8–10 years of age from elementary schools in the governorate of Al-Diwaniyah during the period from 1st of November 2022 to 30th March 2023. Using the Snellen E chart and Angle's classification to identify malocclusion, they were subjected to visual-capacity testing for refractive disorders. Sub-sa

Background: Ropinirole hydrochloride is a non-ergoline antiparkinson drug. It is a highly hydrophilic drug and classified as class III according to Biopharmaceutical Classification System with low absolute oral bioavailability of approximately 50% upon oral administration due to significant hepatic first-pass metabolism.

Objective: to compare the pharmacokinetic parameters of Ropinirole when administered orally in the form of an Ropinirole bilosomal dispersion in contrast to an oral Ropinirole solution.

Methods: This study involved the use of twelve male Wistar rats, with an average weight of 220±11 g, a

الخلفيه النظريه: ان النقص في الدراسات المتعلقه بخصائص  الاورام العصبيه الغديه منسوب الى كون هذه الاورام نادره الوقوع. ان عقار الاوكتيريوتايد اثبت فعاليته كعلاج لهذه الاورام  لكن الدراسات المتعلقه بنسب حدوث الاورام العصبيه الغديه ومدى استجابتها لعقار الاوكتيريوتايد لا زالت غير كافيه.

الغرض من الدراسه: خصائص مرضى  هذا النوع من الاورام ومدى استجابتهم ل

خلفية عن الدراسة: هناك عدة عوامل تجعل إبيضاض الدم اللمفي المزمن موضوعا هاما يستحق الدراسة من قبل الباحثين. وتشمل هذه الدراسات تقدما ملحوظا في فهم علم الأحياء الجزيئي للخلايا اللمفاوية الطبيعية والورمية والتطورات الحديثة في تقنيات الوراثة الجزيئية. بين المعلمات الجزيئية، القامع السرطان الجيني p53 قد درس على نطاق واسع.

الهدف من الدراسة: ربط التعبير البروتيني 53p

Background: Cadmium (Cd) is an industrial and environmental pollutant that affect adversely a number of organs in humans and other mammals.
Objectives: To study the effect of cadmium on liver of mice.
Material and Methods: Male Balb/c mice weighing 30-32 gm, 60 days old, were treated intraperitoneally (ip) with (1-10mg/kg body wt. /CdCl2). The body weight, liver weight, histological examination of liver, SEM, metal analysis along with DNA ladder for apoptosis.
Results: Cadmium induced both a time, and dose dependent increase in apoptotic, severity of necrosis. Liver weight, body weight decreased with increase of dose, while metal content was increased by increase of dose.
Conclusion: It has been concluded that cadmium caused

Peroxynitrite is one intermediate of reactive nitrogen species with bactericidal and cylotoxic effects. Fluoroquinolones. drugs used for salmonella infections, are interacted v\ith nitrogen species and their baeterieida effect is influenced by these species. This study aims to assess serum peroxynitrite level in patients with enteric (typhoid) fever and. to investigate the effect of ciprofloxacin or amoxicillin on serum peroxynitrite level as well as in aqueous buffer solution in vitro. Thirty patients with enteric fever diagnosed clinically and serologically and twenty healthy individuals served as controls were admitted in this study. None of our sample was received anli-salmonellosis agents. Our resu

Background: Maxillary sinusitis is one of the most common infections of humans. Sinusitis can be defined as an inflammation of the membrane lining of any sinus, especially one of the
paranasal sinuses.
Objective: To determine the causative microorganisms of acute maxillary sinusitis.
Patients: Forty five acute sinusitis patients were involved in the present study.
Methods: Sampling methods were per-oral nasopharyngeal swabs.
Results: Haemophilus species, Streptococcus pneumoniae (S.pneumoniae) and Moraxella catarrhalis (M.catarrhalis) were the most frequent isolates.
Conclusion: The most causative agents of acute maxillary sinusitis were bacterial isolates, which were Haemophilus species followed by S.pne

Background: - Diabetic foot infections may be classified as superficial or deep. Bacteria are liable to enter any cut or ulcer causing infection. Defect in treatment of infected deep diabetic foot may result in oesteomyelitis, limb loss, and even death.
Methods: - Microorganisms were isolated and identified from both superficial & deep foot ulcers infection of (60) diabetic patients.
Results: - The present results showed that high incidence (30.8%) of Escherichia coli (E-coli) was isolated from dry - superficial foot ulcers followed respectively by Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis). 3.1 % and 15.4% of Proteus mirabilis (P. mirabilis), equal Percentages for Klebsiellae Pneumoniae (K. pneum

Background:

Background: An individual’s quality of life is adversely affected by overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms. The key element that characterizes OAB is urgency which together with nocturia and urge urinary incontinence, are considered the most irksome symptoms. The side effects of the anticholinergic medication have caused a significant number of patients to discontinue their treatment. More recently, there has been research conducted on the potential correlation between an anticholinergic burden and the development of dementia. The detrusor muscle has been demonstrated to relax as a result of the activation of β3 adrenoceptors, which in turn facilitated the development of the first β3 adrenoceptor agonist. Mirabegron is t

Background:

Background: Previous studies suggest a significant relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and a lack of zinc. A lack of zinc can negatively impact insulin synthesis, storage, and secretion, leading to insulin resistance and inadequate glycaemic control. Nevertheless, the correlation between serum zinc levels and glycaemic control in T2DM has not been well studied in various populations.
Objective: To investigate the relationship between serum zinc levels and glycaemic control, assessed by HbA1c, in individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Methods: This case-control study was carried out between April 2018 and July 2019 at Omdurman Teaching Hospital in

Background: Urinary bladder cancer (UBC) is the most common urinary tract malignancy, ranking tenth worldwide. In Iraq, UBC is ranked as the seventh most prevalent cancer among the top 10 cancers. Numerous established risk factors for bladder cancer including genetic and hereditary factors, smoking and nicotine behaviors, occupational exposure to certain chemicals and pigments, and environmental pollution from drinking water contaminated with arsenic may also be problems, as well as disorders including chronic cystitis, and infectious diseases like schistosomiasis. Urine cytology and cystoscopy are the gold standard for detecting UBC.

Objectives: To analyze and characterize urinary bladder cancer

background:

الخلفية: العقدية المقيحة المعروفة أيضًا باسم ""(GAS) هي احدى مسببات الأمراض ذات الأهمية الصحية العامة، حيث تصيب 18.1 مليون شخص في جميع أنحاء العالم وتقتل 500000 شخص كل عام.

الهدف: حددت هذه المراجعة المقالات المنشورة حول عوامل الخطر واستراتيجيات الوقاية والسيطرة لأمراض المكورات العقدية.

المواد والأساليب: تم إجراء بحث منهجي لتحديد الأوراق المنشورة على قواعد البيانات الإلكترون