Background: Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is globally acknowledged as a prominent contributor to both hospital-acquired and community infections. Understanding key virulence factors including coagulase production, hemolysis ability and biofilm formation, is crucial.
Objective: The study aimed to establish a molecular characterisation of mecA gene and virulence factors genes (hla, icaA, and coa) in clinical isolates of MRSA obtained from two hospitals in Baghdad.
Methods: A hundred and five isolates were obtained from clinical sources from November 2022 to March 2023 and their antibiotic sensitivity was assessed u

الخلفية: العنف ضد النساء مشكلة صحية عامة تصيب اكثر من ثلث النساء عالميا. ويتضمن اي ايذاء جسمي، جنسي او انفعالي فرض على النساء في العلاقات الاسرية. أثبتت دراسات متعددة في العراق ان العنف المنزلي في ازدياد خلال العقدين الاخيرين.

الهدف: لتحديد معدل انتشار العنف المنزلي ضد النساء الحوامل والعوامل المرتبطة به.

 الحالات والمنهجية: تضمنت دراسة مستعرضة اجمالي 345 امرأة حامل تم ت

Background: Cutaneous small vessel vasculitis characterized by necrosis and inflammation of upper dermal blood vessels. It presents with ulcers and systemic manifestations after extensive acute onset. Many patients have a form of cutaneous vasculitis that presents with chronic painful ulcerations & purpuras involving the ankles without systemic manifestations, with some similarity in clinical presentation to livedoid vasculopathy.
Patients and Methods: Thirteen patients were seen in the Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Baghdad Teaching Hospital, for a period extending from January 2004 to March 2005. They were evaluated clinically, histopathologically and other laboratory studies. In additio

Objectives: a study of surgical procedures used in the management of sciatic n injury & acomparism between them including comparism with other universal studies.
Patients and methods: 62 patients collected from the neuro-surgical unit in the specialized surgical hospital from Jan-2004 till October 2007, all patients studied thoroughly regarding age, Gender, type of injury, time of injury & outcome.
Results: 85% of our patients were ♂, 45% were in the age of 21-30 years, most injured by bullet or shells, the delay in surgery was mostly 1-3m, the repair is by direct suture 45%, 29% release of adhesions 16%, excision of neuroma & suturing, 9.6% by nerve graft, the direct suturing carried the&nbsp

 Background: Mitral stenosis (MS) is the most common valve disease in developing countries and there are many ways to deal with this condition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the immediate results of percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy (PTMC) in patients with severe symptomatic rheumatic mitral stenosis.
Patients and Methods: From May 2006 to August 2007, 58 patients (17 male, 41 female) with age range (16-57) years, underwent PTMC in Ibn AL- Bitar Hospital for Cardiac Surgery. All the patients were symptomatic, their MVA 1.5 cm2 with NYHA class II-IV. Clinical evaluation and echocardiographic examination were carried out before and after PTMC, mitral valve structures were assessed

Background: The acute phase response is a major pathophysiologic phenomena that accompanies inflammation whether acute or chronic. The complements 3 (C3), complement4
(C4) and C-reactive protein (CRP) are positive acute phase proteins (+ve APPs) their production is increased by hepatocyte in osteoarthritis (OA). Chloroquine (CQ) which is a diprotic weak base traditionally used to treat malaria.Todate, the phosphate salt of CQ is used to decrease +ve APPs.
Objective: To evaluate the role of chloroquine phosphate on acute phase proteins C3, C4 and Creactive protein in patients with knee OA.
Subjects and methods :A total of seventy four patients (45 female and 29male) were selected randomly from the outpati

Free – living or limax amoebae are small free-living protozoans which exist in fresh water and soil environment. These amoebae were found infective to man causing a fatal disease affecting the central nervous system. Fowler and Carter were the first to report four fatal human cases of acute pyogenic meningitis caused by free-living amoebae1. The genera Naegleria and Acanthamoeba are incriminated in such infections2. Swimming in contaminated water has been frequently postulated as the way of infection through the intranasal mucosa. Since
that time more than one hundred cases of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis were reported from different parts of the world. On&

الخلفية: يتصف التهاب المفاصل الروماتويدي بنتائج التهابات موضعية وعامة والتي تمتلك مساحة واسعة لقياسات الكيمياء الحياتية والتي تؤثر بصورة مباشرة او غير مباشرة على تكوين المرض.

الهدف من الدراسة: لتقييم الانترليوكين 35 ودوره الفعال  للكشف المبكر عن التهاب المفاصل.

الاشخاص وطريقة العمل: تم أخذ (55) امرأة مشخصة حديثاً بالتهاب المفاصل ا

خلفية: الشمول الرئوي لمرضى التهاب المفاصل الرثوي من المظاهر الخطيرة للمرض خارج المفصل.

الأهداف من الدراسة: الهدف من الدراسة هو الكشف عن الأصابات التنفسية لمرضى التهاب المفاصل الرثوي. تصنيف نوع الاصابة (انسداد رئوي ام تقييد رئوي او كليهما) بالاضافة الى معرفة فيما اذا كانت اصابة الجهاز التنفسي في المراحل الاولى من المرض المفصلي (خلال اول سنتين) او ان يكون بدون ا

Background:

Background: Cell adhesion molecules are protein entities that are located on the cell surface. The vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression is related to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with dyslipidemia.

Objectives: To determine the levels of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 in T2DM patients with dyslipidemia and to explore the relationship between VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 and the development of dyslipidemia in T2DM patients.

Patients and methods: The study included 150 individuals with an age range of (35-55) years. Patients with diabetes for more than 5 years were excluded. Fifty healthy individuals constituted Grou

Background: In eukaryotic cells, the acidification of intracellular compartments is the responsibility of vacuolar H+ ATPase, a family of proton pumps, sometimes known as V-ATPases. Small GTPases are signaling molecules that regulate important cellular processes as well as subcellular activities making them essential players, particularly in a wide variety of coronavirus infection processes.

Objectives: The purpose of this research was to assess the levels of ATPase and GTPase in fibrotic lung disease patients who had received or had not received the COVID-19 vaccination, and then to compare these levels with those of the control group.

Methods: A total of 150 individuals p

Background: Chronic kidney disease is a condition that results from an indefinite change in the structure and function of the kidneys. A slow, steady progression characterizes it and is irreversible.

 Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the findings of certain biochemical and hematological tests in samples from Iraqi CKD patients.

 Methods: This study included 90 subjects, where 70 patients with chronic kidney disease and 20 healthy individuals. Blood samples were collected from the patients during their visits to Ghazi Al-Hariri Surgical Specialties' Hospital- Medical City, Baghdad, Iraq. Age, sex and body mass index were assessed for each participant followed by ren

Background: The roll of IL-17 during chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is not well understood. Elevated levels of IL-17 may increase the risk of liver fibrosis development in chronic HCV infection. However, the exact mechanism of how IL-17 contributes to the progression of HCV infection remains.

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the association between HCV infection and IL-17. This was done by measuring the serum levels of interleukins and the viral load of HCV in patients with HCV infections.

Methodology: The study included fifty HCV patients who were receiving treatment at the Gastroenterology and Hepatology Teaching Hospital / Medical City

تاثير جائحة كوفيد 19 على عينة من المرضى المصابين بالسرطان في العراق

الخلاصة:

خلفية الدراسة:

مرض فيروس كورونا 2019 (COVID-19) هو مرض فيروسي يسببه فيروس كورونا 2 (SARS-CoV-2) الجديد والمتلازمة التنفسية الحادة الوخيمة ويؤثر على الجهاز التنفسي للأفراد المصابين. ينتشر COVID-19 بين البشر من خلال الرذاذ التنفسي الذي ينتج عندما يسعل أو يعطس الشخص المصاب.

يتعرض الأفراد من

جراحه ضعف عضلات الحجاب الحاجز 

الارضيه:الحاله هي ضعف عضلات الحجاب الحاجز 

الهدف من الدراسه:هي عرض التجربه والخبرة العراقيه في علاج هذه الحالات 

المرضى والطرق: علاج 18 مريضا بهذه الحالة تم التخيص والعلاج الجراحي بفتح الصد

 النتائج: عمر المرضى تراوح بين 5 اشهر و70 سنه ونسبه الذكور اكثر من الاناث وكانت اشعه الصدر الاساس في التشخيص واجريت العمليات بنجاح وكانت المضاعفات قليله

الخاتم

Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease restricted to the large intestine, characterized by superficial ulceration. It is a progressive and chronic disease requiring long-term treatment. Although its etiology remains unknown, it is suggested that environmental factors influence genetically susceptible individuals, leading to the onset of the disease. (C-X-C) ligand 9 is a chemokine that belongs to the CXC chemokine family, it plays a role in the differentiation of immune cells such as cytotoxic lymphocytes, natural killer T cells, and macrophages. Its interaction with its corresponding receptor CXCR3 which is expressed by a variety of cells such as effector T cells, CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, an

Background: Among different lifestyle factors, aging process can adversely affect male semen parameters and hence male fertility in this study, semen parameters and productive hormonal profiles of subfertile young men were compared with subfertile middle and old age men.

Background: The use of the chest x-ray measurements which includes the cardiothoracic ratio(C-T) and frontal area (FA) of the heart by the CXR are useful measures for primary assessment of the cardiac dysfunction.
Patients and Methods: A Prospective study was done from the 1st of January 2005 to the 1st of October in the same year on a 120 consecutive patients who have been admitted for coronary and L.V angiogram at IBN-AL-BITAR hospital. The C-T ratio and the frontal area were measured.
Results: The study comprised 120 subjects who were admitted for coronary and L.V angiogram for diagnostic reasons. 89subjects (74.2%) are male and 31subjects (25.8%) are female .17(14%) subjects have left ventricular d

Background: HROM agar Orientation is a chromogenic medium used for the detection and differentiation of Gram’s negative and Gram’s positive pathogenic microorganisms in urine samples. Evaluation of CHROM agar Orientation for identification of urinary pathogens and susceptibility determinations in comparison to the ordinary media used.
Patients and Methods: A total of 375 midstream urine sample collected from patients with urinary tract infection (UTIs). CHROM agar Orientation, blood agar and macConkey agar media were used for direct inoculation.
Results: CHROM agar Orientation succeeded in detecting all the urine pathogens that were detected by the reference media, and antimicrobial Susceptibility

خلفية البحث : لالستيز,اللاكتوفريين,الكثبسين ج واللايزوزايم هي مستضادات (بروتينات) موجودة في افرازات مخاطية عديدة بالاضافة الى انها موجودة في حبيبات الخلايا البيضاء.مضاد الالستيز,مضاد اللاكتوفريين, مضاد الكثبسين ج ومضاد اللايزوزايم ضمن مضادات السايتوبلازم الخلايا البضاء نوع (pANCA) والتي تم توضيحها في امراض مناعية عديدة ومن ضمنها  التهاب المفاصل الرثوي .

الهدف من

Background: Normospermia might be a major problem to the doctor and the infertile couple because the male seminal sample has an accepted seminal parameters during the routine seminal examination and the female partner will be claimed for the infertility and she will suffered from coasty, painful, time consuming, non indicated investigations and treatments. Our purpose was to measure sperm creatine phosphokinase (CK) activity, which reflects cytoplasmic retention in immature spermatozoa and malondialdehyde in the seminal plasma which is a marker of oxidative stress in normospermic infertile males' seminal samples.
Patient and methods: Nine infertile men with aberrantly normal standard seminal analysis&nbsp

Background: Hydatid disease also known as echinococcosis or hydatidosis , is caused by infection with larva (metacestoide) of tape worms of the genus Echinococcus.
Materials and methods: Twelve Rabbits were immunized with three types of antigens (Hydatid cyst fluid antigen; Protoscoleces antigen and Germinal and Laminated layer antigen) according to a specific immunization program and we used indirect hemagglutination test( IHAT) and Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay(ELISA) for detecting the anti-Echinococcus antigens in the serum of these animals.
Results: The highest titter of antibodies were recorded in the Rabbit serum when use the first antigen (Hydatid cyst fluid) by using IHA method (1:64)after

Background: depressed mood and anxiety are common symptoms in hospitalized cancer patients .it is often presumed that anxiety and depression affect the occurrence and experience of physical symptoms . the researcher was aimed to assess the level of depression among cancer patients and the chemotherapy side effects and to find out the significant difference between depression level regarding these side effects.
Patients and methods: A descriptive analytical study was conducted on a purposive sample of 50 cancer patients from both sexes who were admitted to Radiation and Neuclur Medicine Hospital in Baghdad for the purpose of giving chemotherapy for the period from April 4th to June 20th , 2008. A structure

Background: Disinfection of denture and soft denture liners became among the priorities for cross contamination control as well as patient's health. All the trials aimed to have maximum infection control with minimal adverse changes in the materials properties.
Materials and methods: Discs of 30x2mm were made from Coe Super Soft and Coe Soft denture liners. Every 5 specimens were immersed separately and daily in CHX, Sodium hypochlorite and chlorine dioxide, control group specimens were immersed in the distilled water. Hardness property of the experimental and control groups was evaluated by using Shore A durometer after 1, 7, 30 days. 
Results: Statistical analysis indicated non significant difference

الخلاصة: مرض حساسية الحنطة مرض التهاب المناعة الذاتية في الأمعاء الدقيقة بسبب تناول الغلوتين، وهو مكون من بروتين القمح، في الأشخاص الذين لديهم استعداد وراثي. اختبارات مصلية عن الأجسام المضادة ضد  الاندوميسيم .الرتيكولين والغليادين  لتحديد المرضى الذين يعانون من هذا المرض. حيث ان التشخيص والعلاج المبكر للمرض يمنع العواقب الوخيمة لسوء الامتصاص، مثل هشاشة العظام وفقر الدم.

ألخلفية: إحتباس ألدم ألدماغي وعلاقته بالاجسام ألمضادة للشحم ألفوسفاتي هو عرض شرياني شائع عند ألمرضى ألبالغين.

ألغرض من ألبحث :نسبة وجود ألمضادت للشحم ألفوسفاتي  عند ألمرضى ألمصابين بالجلطة ألدماغية ألذين أعمارهم 50 سنة أوأقل عند كلا ألجنسين مع وجود  أو عدم وجود عوامل أ لخطورة للجلطة، مع  ألمقارنة مع دراسات عالمية أخرى.

طريقة إجراء

الخلفية: رباعية فالوت هي من تشوهات القلب الخلقية الشائعة وقد تتزامن مع توسع جذر الشريان الابهري قبل اجراء العلاج الجراحي او حتى بعده بعدة سنوات. لاقصى حد من علمنا هذه الدراسة هي الاولى من نوعها في العراق  التي تتعامل مع هكذا مشكلة .

الهدف من من الدراسة : تحديد تكرار توسع جذر الشريان الابهري لدى عينة من  الاطفال المصابين برباعية فالوت من مدينة  ا

الخلاصة : الخلفيه   التهاب القصيبات هو المرض الاكثر شيوعا للجهاز التنفسي السفلي خلال السنه الاولى من العمر.وهوعادة يحدث بسبب الفيروس المخلوي التنفسي. العلاج عادة ساند لذلك علم الاوبئه والنتائج السريريه والمختبريه والاشعه ربما تسهل التشخيص المبكر والعلاج لحالات التهاب القصيبات .

الهدف : الهدف من دراستنا هي لتقييم الصفات السريريه والنتائج المختبريه للاطفال الراقدين في المستشفى ن

خلفيةالبحث: ان نسبةحدوث تاخر الحمل مابعد الاربعين اسبوع مايقارب ال10 %من الحمل المنفرد وان اغلب الحالات يكون سببها الحساب غيرالدقيق للحمل حيث ان الحساب الدقيق يعتمد على موعد الدورةالشهرية الاخيرة وعلى السونرالمجرى في الاشهر الثلاثةالاولى من الحمل.

الهدف:تهدف الدراسة الى معرفة التاثيرات السلبية فيما اذا تأخر الحمل مابعد الموعد المحدد له على صحة كل من الام والطفل.

طريقة العمل:<