الخلفية: التهاب المفاصل الرَثَيَانِي أو الداء الرثياني أو الالتهاب المفصلي الروماتويدي هو مرض مزمن، من الأمراض الانضدادية التي تؤدي بالجهاز المناعي لمهاجمة المفاصل، مسببة التهابات وتدميرًا لها. ومن الممكن أيضًا أن يدمر جهاز المناعة أعضاء أخرى في الجسم مثل الرئتين والجلد. وفي بعض الحالات، يسبب المرض الإعاقة، مؤدية إلى فقدان القدرة على الحركة والإنتاجية. ويتم تشخيص المرض بواسطة تحاليل دم مخبرية م

المقدمة: متلازمة الأيض الغذائي هي مجموعة معقدة من الأضطرابات الأيضية ، والتي تتميز بمستويات عالية من الكلوكوز في الدم ،  وأرتفاع ضغط الدم، والسمنة في منطقة البطن ، وعسر دهون الدم. تؤثر المجموعة عالية الحركة ، وهي عامل نسخ معماري ، على توازن الكلوكوز. لم يتم إجراء دراسات سابقة لفحص ما أذا كان يٌمكن إفرازHMGA1 في البيئة خارج الخلية.

الهدف: تهدف دراسة الحالة والشواهد هذه إلى فحص ما أ

المقدمة: الوشم عبارة عن مادة غريبة تدخل في أدمة الجلد بواسطة وغز أبرة او أي شدة خارجية اخرى فتنتج علامة في الجلد، وتستخدم لغرض الديكور او الجمالية واحيانا تكون ناتجة عن حادثة طريق واحيانا أخرى نقوم بعمل الوشم لأسباب علاجية مثل تحديد الأماكن المحتاجة الى تسليط علاج أشعاعي.

هنالك طرق عدة لأزالة الوشم و واحدة من هذه الطرق هو ازالة الوشم باستخدام كيو سوج (1064نانو متر،  532

Background: The breast function as a secretory gland during pregnancy and lactation due to the interaction of estrogen, progesterone and other pituitary hormones.

Background: P53 is an important tumor marker in many malignancies, the P53 gene is a tumor suppressor gene that plays a key role in the regulation of the cell cycle.

الخلفية: لقد وجد أن حدوث متلازمة كولين بري يختلف باختلاف الشهر والموسم ؛ و لم يتم دراسة هذا الاختلاف بشكل كافٍ.

الهدف: تحديد التباين الشهري والموسمي لمتلازمة كولين بري لدى الأطفال في مقاطعة خوزستان ، جنوب غرب ایران خلال فترة 10 سنوات (2006-2015).

المرضى والأساليب : استخرجنا البيانات بأثر رجعي من لجنة حدوث الشلل الرخو الحاد من مراكز الرعاية

الملخص:

مقدمة: قد يتسبب فيروس كورونا الثاني المسبب للمتلازمة التنفسية الحادة الوخيمة SARS-CoV-2  في إصابة عضلة القلب الحادة وإصابة القلب والأوعية الدموية المزمنة، كما يتضح من زيادة المؤشرات الحيوية للقلب، فقد تم تحديده بين أول 41 مريضًا مصابًا بـ الكوفيد-19 في ووهان. في الممارسة السريرية الحالية، يتم استخدام المؤشرات الحيوية للقلب بشكل روتيني مع أدوات التشخيص الأخرى مثل تخطيط الق

Background: Congenital adrenal hyperplasia is a family of autosomal recessive disorders of cortisol biosynthesis. Depending on the enzymatic step that is deficient, there may be signs, symptoms, and laboratory findings of mineralocorticoid deficiency or excess; incomplete virilization or premature puberty in affected males; and virilization or sexual infantilism in affected females. The most frequent is 21-hydroxylase enzyme deficiency, accounting for more than 90% of cases.
Objectives: to review cases of congenital adrenal hyperplasia registered in children welfare teaching hospital- medical city- Baghdad.
Patients and method: This study included all patients who were presented and registered in the e

Background: Keloids of the ear present a significant clinical challenge, with surgical excision alone associated with high recurrence rates (45%–100%). Various adjuvant treatments have been explored to improve outcomes, with intra-lesional corticosteroids showing promise.

Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of debulking combined with intralesional injection of triamcinolone acetonide versus debulking alone in treating earlobe and helical keloids.

Methods: This study was conducted at the Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Baghdad Teaching Hospital, from January 2014 to October 2015. Twenty-eight female patients with 67 keloid lesions resulting from

الخلاصة : في هذه الحالة المسجلة نناقش قضية اساسية يجب ان تؤخذ بنظر الاعتبار و تتعلق بالتحاليل الجينية السريرية في حقل الصرع. تحديد الجينات التي تؤثر على خطورة الصرع لها تداعيات بالغة الاهمية لكل من الابحاث و التدريب السريري. في مجال الابحاث, المعلومات المستحصلة تؤدي الى تطوير علاجات جديدة تستهدف ميكانيكيات محددة او طرق لمنع قابلية الاصابة بالصرع. في التدريب السريري, استعمال المعلومات

الخلفية: ارتفاع ضغط الدم اثناء الحمل يمثل فترة عابرة من ضغط الدم المرتفع مع تأثيرات خاصة في البطين الأيسر لدى الأم والتي تختلف عن التأثيرات التي لوحظت في ارتفاع ضغط الدم الأساسي المزمن، ;كونه يؤثر على قلب طبيعي سابقا ويدوم لمدة أقصاها تسعة أشهر مع زيادة في كل من الحجم والضغط على قلب الأم. تم حساب معامل مؤشر أداء عضلة القلب و الذي يعتمد الجمع بين مؤشر تقييم وظيفة البطين الأيسر الانقباضية

Background: Emergency ambulance personnel (EAP) are vulnerable to PTSD. In Iraq, EAPs were exposed to life threatening situation during political violence conflict post 2003 Gulf war. This study was carried out to report on PTSD among EAP.
Patients and Methods: A total of 189 male EAPs were selected randomly from the Dept. of ambulance in Baghdad. A questionnaire form was filled for each EAP. The form included the
symptoms of PTSD according to DSM- IV (intrusive, avoidance and hyperarousal symptoms). Demographic data and exposure to violence accident, type of accident and duration of damage were included, also.
Results: The mean age of EAP was 38.5 ± 9.4 years. There was 122 (64.5%) had PTSD. Age, 

Background:

Background: Cytokines produced by inflammatory cells play a pivotal role in synovial inflammation and joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis.
Patients and Methods: The cytokine serum levels were measured by EASIA (Enzyme amplified sensitivity immunoassay) in sera from 50 RA patients, and 40 healthy donors. Cytokine levels were compared in different RA subpopulations (positive or negative rheumatoid factor (RF), long term or recent onset disease, high or low disease activity). In addition, the possible association with other demographic and clinical parameters (gender, age, etc) was also analyzed.
Results: It was demonstrated that IL-2, IL-6 and IFN-δ levels were elevated in serum samples of RA pati

Background: Rosacea is a chronic disease that requires long-term systemic and or local therapy, which carries risk for systemic complications and adverse reactions and high recurrence rate. 
Patient and methods: Two groups of rosacea patient with at least 8 inflammatory papules and pustules, moderate to severe facial erythema (22 patient treated with oral azithromycin versus 18 patient treated with oral metronidazole) were studied at single medical center (medical city of Baghdad: department of dermatology and venereology , both for 60 days, Subjects were evaluated monthly for up to three months to determine the relapse rate. Main outcome measures: Inflammatory papules and pustules were counted at ea

Background: A number of investigators have carried out experimental infections of hydatidosis, using albino mice as an experimental animal model, but there was disagreement on the effect of strain, sex and age of this model.
Materials and Methods: Two hundred and forty mice (120 males and 120 females) were injected intraperitoneally with a single dose of 2000 protoscolices (PSCs) /mouse at four ages (3-4, 7-8, 10 and 20 weeks). Each age group consisted of 60 mice (30 males and 30 females); in which 15 animals of each sex were the treated group, while the other 15 animals were a control group (injected with normal saline). Five animals from each age and sex were sacrificed at one, two and four month po sti

Background: Fenugreek herb is one of the most abundant plants in our country. The dried ripe seeds of this plant are the effective medicinal part the plant.
Aim of the work: The aim of this study is to determine the pharmacological effect of a new chemical substance that has been extracted from crude fenugreek seeds which has a hormonal like action and to assess the safety of this experimental material in order to recommend it in future as a stimulator for ovulation or a contraceptive pill.
Materials and Methods: Sixty uncoupled female rats and mice were enrolled in this study, categorized into groups as mentioned in the text. Prolactin, estradiol and progesterone serum levels where measured for all gr

Background: Fenugreek herb is one of the most abundant plants in our country. The dried ripe seeds of this plant are the effective medicinal part the plant.<br />Aim of the work: The aim of this study is to determine the pharmacological effect of a new chemical substance that has been extracted from crude fenugreek seeds which has a hormonal like action and to assess the safety of this experimental material in order to recommend it in future as a stimulator for ovulation or a contraceptive pill.<br />Materials and Methods: Sixty uncoupled female rats and mice were enrolled in this study, categorized into groups as mentioned in the text. Prolactin, estradiol and progesterone serum levels where measured for all groups. Histolog

Background:

Background: Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection during pregnancy causing serious problems through induction of viral genes that enhance the expression of different cellular factors ending in failure of pregnancy.
Patients and Methods: Paraffin embedded sections of curate samples were obtained from 34 women had spontaneous abortion, and 5 women had elective termination of pregnancy (as control), and then subjected for immunohistochemistry analysis to detect human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) early protein, and in situ hybridization technique to detect nuclear factor-κB (NF- κB) mRNA.
Results: Only nine out of 34 women with spontaneous abortion were positive for HCMV early protein, with a significantly higher expression of NF-κB in H

Background: since the occurrence of transient bacteraemia is fatal following different dental procedures in patients at-risk of bacterial endocarditis, the purpose of this research was to estimate the percentage and nature of bacteraemia following four orthodontic treatment procedures which were: an upper alginate impression, separator placement, band fitting or placement, and arch wire adjustment on a fixed appliance.Materials and methods: the study group consisted of 40 patients (25 females and 15 males) ranging from 17-25 years of age attending Orthodontic Department in the College of Dentistry/Baghdad University, and out patients department from private clinic. The 40 patients were divided into four groups (10 patients each). A cannu

                الخلفية: وفقا للدراسات الحالية فان التغييرات في شخصية الدهون لدى الحوامل هو العامل الرئيسي في احداث مقدمات الارتعاج. صممت الدراسة لمقارنة التغيرات في شخصية الدهون في النساء ذوات الحمل الطبيعي وتلك ذوات تاريخ مرضي بمقدمات الارتعاج المتكررة.

الهدف: لتقيم العلاقة بين تغيرات الدهون الشخصية في الحمل المبكر عند ال

Background: A quick and easy method was developed for extraction of DNA of eukaryotes from different samples, which are bone marrow and sperms in white mice Mus musculus strain (Balb/c).
Patients and Methods: this method using high salt buffer, Ethylene diemine tetracetec acid (EDTA), Trypsine,Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate(SDS), and urea without using Proteinase-K digestion or ultracentrifugation.
Results: This method was successful in extracting DNA from different samples in eukaryotic and this DNA is suitable for Hind III digestion.
Conclusion: Without further clean-up, the extracted DNA can be used for restriction endonuclease digestion or for numerous applications.

Background: Molecular DNA hybridization has confirmed more than 120 different human papilloma virus (HPV) genotypes. A small group of them have high- risk oncogenic potential. Many studies have described an association of such high risk-HPV genotypes with a variety of esophageal benign tumors as well as malignant squamous cell carcinomas.
Patients and Methods: A total number of 90 tissue specimens were collected from 50 patients with esophageal squamous cell (SCC), adenocarcinoma (AC) and carcinoma in situ (CIS); 20 patients with squamous acanthosis (SA); and 20 individuals with apparently-healthy esophageal tissues (AHET). The molecular detection methods for HPV detection and genotyping were performed by in s

Background: Indeterminate colitis (IC) originally referred to those 10–15% of cases of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in which there was difficulty distinguishing between ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD) in the colectomy specimen and histopathology examination. However, IC is increasingly used when a definitive diagnosis of UC or CD cannot be made at colonoscopy examination, colonic biopsies or at colectomy. The diagnostic difficulties may explain the variably reported prevalence of IC. Clinically, most patients with IC evolve to a definite diagnosis of UC or CD on follow up.
Patients and methods: PATIENTS GROUP: Consisted of 80 patients with indeterminate colitis (IC), their ag

Background: β-thalassemia major is a genetic disorder characterized by reduced rate of β-globin chain production. Clinically, β-thalassemia major is a severe, transfusion-dependant disorder; repeated blood transfusion will lead eventually to chronic liver disease.
Patients and Methods: One hundred patients ; 56 males and 44 females who were known cases with β-thalassemia major on regular blood transfusion, aged between 6 months and 18 years, were studied in a private pathology laboratory, between January 2002-January 2006.Blood was drawn to estimate serum glutamic pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) and serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) levels.
Results: Sixty-six patients (66%) had elevated S

Background: It is possible that treatment may not be successful, and the expenses of therapy may increase due to patients’ lack of knowledge and inappropriate conduct. Insufficient knowledge regarding the use of insulin can hinder its effectiveness and adherence. Therefore, it is crucial for diabetic patients to follow guidance on insulin management to ensure better outcomes.

Objectives: to investigate the correlation between parents' knowledge of children with type I diabetes and their ability to properly administer insulin to their children in the outpatient diabetes clinic in Nasiriya City.

Methodology: Aross-sectional study was conducted at the of Endocrinology and Di

Background: Circumscribed choroidal hemangioma (CCH), a rare benign tumor, poses significant risks to 
vision due to its proximity to the macula, with epidemiology varying from one population to another.
Objectives: The present article emphasizes the need for prevalence studies on CCH in Iraq.
Methods: In June 2023, a literature review was conducted on PubMed, followed by a secondary analysis of 
patients' demographic data from diverse populations and ethnic groups worldwide.
Results: The secondary literature analysis revealed demographic variations in CCH, including age and 
gender (male-to-female) ratios, and across different populations. The exact prevalence remains unclear, 
particularly in Iraq

Background: Chronic gastritis (CG) is histopathological entity characterized by chronic inflammation of the stomach that mostly caused by Helicobacter pylori, development of
inflammation in gastric mucosa result in release of pro- and anti- inflammatory cytokines .This study aimed to shed light on the role of cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-8, IL-4, IL-10, and GM-CSF) in the
development and prognosis of CG among Iraqi patients.
Patients and methods: 100 Iraqi patients with CG (61 male and 39 female) with age range (10-79) year, were involved in this stady while attending Specialist Hospital of Disease of Liver and Gastrointestinal System at Baghdad Medical City from Nov. 2007 to Apr. 2008. Patients divided accordi

Background: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is an irreversible myocardial injury and necrosis caused by serious and long term ischemia. Fibrinogen is considered as
one of the probable risk factors of myocardial infarction.
Patients and methods: 1.8-mL venous blood specimen from 40 patients with MI and 50 control subjects was obtained and put it into tubes containing 0.2 mol/L trisodium citrate. Plasma fibrinogen level was determined by the method of Clauss (Diagnostic Stago, France).
Results The mean age of patients was (45.2 ± 6) years in patients with premature myocardial infarction and (45.06±5) years in the control group (p =0.07). There were no statistically significant relationships between the