المقدمه: اخماج  الثدي عند النساء يمكن علاجها بنجاح بطريقة الرشف بواسطة البره من خلال الجلد بعد اجراء فحص السونار, ثم غسل التجويف المتكون بمحلول ملح الطعام.

الهدف من الدراسة: دراسة مدى فعالية طريقة الرشف الابري من خلال الجلد في معالجة اخماج الثدي عند النساء في العياده الخارجيه وتحت التخدير الموضعي.

طريقة العمل: دراسه مستقبليه لثلاث

خلفية البحث: يعتبرالكادميوم من الملوثات البيئية العالية السمية والمسرطنة , وهناك العديد من الفرضيات التي تشير إلى ان انخفاض خصوبة الذكور تكون ناجمة عن التعرض للكادميوم.   الغرض من هذه الدراسة هو تاثير الكادميوم في مستوى  حمض الاسكوربيك في خصيه الفئران ومعرفة نسبة الضرر في الخصى .

 الاهداف:    لمعرفة مدى سمية كلوريد الكادميوم واَثار

خلفية البحث: تقع الزاوية الجبهية – الانفية بين الجبهة وسطح الأنف، وهي ذات اهمية قصوى في تحديد شكل الانف بالنسبة الى الوجه. درس الباحثون هذه الزاوية في الاشخاص بكثرة، لكن في هذا البحث تمت دراسة هذه الزاوية في الجماجم البشرية كما تمت مقارنتها احصائيا مع بعض معالم الوجه.

الأهداف: تعيين درجة الزاوية الجبهية – الانفية في الجماجم البشرية مع مقارنتها مع بعض معالم ال

الخلفية:

يعتبر اوكسيد النتريك من العناصر الفسلجية والمهمة في تنظيم حركية السائل المائي للعين. من جهة أخرى فان المركبات التي تعتمد في فعاليتها على اوكسيد النتريك قد تعمل على زيادة تصريف السائل المائي للعين وبالتالي في انخفاض الضغط الداخلي للعين 

الأهداف: 

السلدينافيل من الأدوية المثبطة للإنزيم الفوسفودايستريز -5 والتي تعمل على زيادة تحري

خلفية: بروتينات الصدمة الحرارية يكون لها دور عام في الاستجابة للجدران الشرايين إلى التوتر ويمكن أن تكون بمثابة وسيط / محفز لتصلب الشرايين في ظروف معينة عندما HSPs ربط خصيصا لمجمع تول مثل مستقبلات 4/CD14، الشروع في المناعة الفطرية ردا على ذلك، بما في ذلك إنتاج السيتوكينات الموالية للالتهابات، وهذا يتبعه أيضا من خلال التضخيم خلوى التهجير من الضامة والعدلات.

الهدف: تحقيق في النسبة الم

Background and objectives: P53 gene mutation and deletion are among the important molecular markers linked to lung cancer. In most cases, the inactivating mutations affecting both p53 alleles are acquired in somatic cells. Less commonly, the mutations are inherited ones. The aim of the present study was to analyze the frequency of having a wild and/or a mutated p53 gene in lung cancer compared to benign lung lesions and to relate these findings to different morphological types and grades of lung cancer.
Patients, materials and methods: In this retrospective study, the histopathology blocks of 30 lung cancer cases covering the period from2002 to 2007were obtained from the archives of the histopathology sec

Background: It is well known that the low level laser irradiation has act on immune system cells in a number of ways, one of them includes increasing phagocytic activity of irradiated cells. This study was established to shed light on the possible effect of laser irradiation on phagocytic activity of polymorphoneutrophils.
Subjects and methods: Fresh blood samples were obtained from twenty healthy volunteers for phagocytosis assay. The polymorphoneutrophils were isolated from blood and examined their phagocytic capacity befor and after exposure to laser irradiation.
Results: The present study revealed a significant increase in the mean percentage of phagocytosis after exposure to diode laser of wave le

Background: Cherry extract has a wide range of biological activity. In the present investigation, two oral doses 0.04&0.08 mg/kg/day of cherry stick (ethanol extract) in albino male mice resulted in a significant decrease in concentration of serum total cholesterol concentration, triglyceride and total protein, albumin and globulin.
Objective: we investigated the impact of biological activities of cherry stick extract on serum cholesterol, triglyceride, total protein, albumin and globulin in white albino male mice.
Design: This study include three groups of white albino male mice. The first group (G1) was a control group comprised of 5 animals. The second group (G2) consisted of 5 animals treated with 1

خلفية البحث: ظهرت الفيروسات التاجية الجديدة المعروفة اباسم المتلازمة التنفسية الحادة الوخيمة 2 ، العامل المسبب لمرض كورونا فايروس المستجد ، في ووهان ، الصين. في 11 مارس 2020 ، أعلنت منظمة الصحة العالمية هذا المرض بأنه جائحة.

الاهداف : التعرف على المسار السريري و العوامل الديموغرافية لمرضى كورونا فايروس المستجد وتاثيرها على نتيجة المرض للمصابين بمرض كورونا فايروس المستجد2019 في مستشفى لبن

المقدمة: استطالة  QTc غير طبيعية  تزيد من خطورة الإصابة بالتسارع البطيني و خاصة ما يسمى بTorsade de Pointes مما قد يؤدي الى الموت المفاجىء. هناك عوامل كثيرة تؤدي الى  استطالة  QTc الغير طبيعية منها  وراثية ومنها مكتسبة . وواحدة من هذه العوامل هي الأدوية التي تستعمل لعلاج الأمراض النفسية  antipsychotics, Tricyclic antidepressants .

الهدف من الدراسة :هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى إثبات ال

الهدف من الدراسة: تأثير أعادة تجنيد الحويصلات الهوائية على كل من نسبة الاوكسجين في الدم  وثنائي اوكسيد الكاربون في الزفير وميكانيكية الرئة في مجموعتين من المرضى الاولى بأستعمال التهوية بالضغط والثاني بأستعمال التهوية بالحجم على المرضى المصابين بداء السمنة المفرطة أثناء عمليات التنحيف بالناظور.

هدف الدراسة : دراسة سريرية تجريبية.

مك

Background: To study prevalence and method of diagnosis of acute rubella Infection during early pregnancy in Iraq.
Patients and Methods: Clinical signs and symptoms of acute rubella infection were looked for in (170) pregnant women looked before (12) weeks of gestation .Serial rubella specific IgG and IgM serological testing was done in these (170) women before (12) weeks of pregnancy, after (3) weeks, and again at (18-20) weeks of gestation.
Results: Three woman had clinical signs and symptoms of rubella infection from (26) woman were IgM positive at (9) weeks of pregnancy; (94) were IgG +ve but IgM –ve initially and also on repeat sampling after (3) weeks; while (50) women were nonimmune (IgG and I

Back ground: A urinary tract infection is one of the most common diseases occurring from neonate up to geriatric age groups
Patients and Methods: A total of (100) Midstream urine (MSU) samples were collected from patients having signs and symptoms of Lower urinary tract infection. These patients were attending Urology Clinic, Ramadi General Hospital.
Result: Culturing of (100) MSU samples on MacConky and blood agar resulted in (5) types of bacteria which included: Escherichia coli (46%) and it was found the most frequent bacteria causing LUTI. This is followed by Klebsiella pneumonia (23%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (13%), Proteus mirabilis (10%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (8%).
Conclusion: Out of

Background: - Carcinoma of the lung has became the most common type of cancer since 1985 & the most common cause of cancer death in both males & females.
Aim of study: - To assess the diagnostic accuracy of bronchial wash cytology & application of immunocytochemical methods, using two tumor markers (low molecular weight cytokeratin & epithelial membrane antigen) for more accurate & precise diagnosis of lung tumors.
Patients, materials and methods: - Fifty fifes suspected lung cancer cases according to their clinicoradiological examinations were included in this study.
Bronchial wash cytology was performed for all the 55 patients. Smears were stained by conventional cytological stain i

Modern international connectivity makes international cooperation essential for medical progress specifically in specialised medicine areas like haematology and oncology. Healthcare problems become more manageable when countries unite their expert knowledge with resources and creative solutions to achieve better patient results worldwide. The University of Baghdad should establish partnerships with UK healthcare organisations to address national healthcare deficiencies as they create mutual educational programs.

The systematic collaboration between UK and Iraqi healthcare institutions shows potential to transform blood-related care services. This research illustrates that multidisciplinary teams (MDTs) as well as direct partnershi

Background: The alveolar process, also called the alveolar bone, is a thickened ridge that contains the tooth sockets (dental alveoli) on the jaw bones that hold the teeth. After tooth extraction, several changes can occur in the alveolar process that may prevent or delay prosthodontic or other dental treatments. Recently, the Bovine-bone graft has been proposed to be applied in fresh extraction sockets to minimize the reduction in ridge volume. In recent experimental studies, Royal jelly has been shown to have antibacterial, antioxidant, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory properties, resulting in vascular dilatation and increased cell proliferation and differentiation.

Objective: To evaluate the ef

Background: Coronary artery disease is a leading cause of death worldwide. Troponin is released into blood from patients with reversible myocardial ischemia. Stromelysin-2 is also involved in the development and progression of atherosclerosis by tissue remodeling and degradation of extracellular matrix proteins.
Objectives: To investigate the role of serum high-sensitive cardiac troponin I (hs-cTn I) and Stromelysin-2 (Str-2) in the diagnosis and determination of the severity of coronary artery obstruction.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 125 subjects undergoing coronary angiography for suspicion of coronary artery disease in Baghdad Teaching Hospital/ Medi

Background: Alterations in the levels of beta-endorphins and serotonin are heavily involved in the mood dysregulation regularly observed in individuals with methamphetamine use disorder, with lower levels of these neurotransmitters contributing to mood disturbances commonly seen in addiction. Such neurochemical imbalances may also disrupt normal mood regulation pathways, leading to the emotional and psychological challenges often experienced by individuals struggling with addiction.
Objective: To investigate the relationship between beta-endorphin and serotonin levels in individuals with methamphetamine addiction, and to evaluate their potential roles in mood regulation and addiction-related behavio

Background: Virulence genes in dermatophytes have been a major focus of research in recent years. These fungi have a unique ability to degrade keratin, an essential structural protein in human skin, using protease enzymes. These enzymes play a crucial role in the development and spread of infections.
Objectives: To assess the impact of UV radiation on the expression of subtilisin virulence genes in Trichophyton indotineae isolates obtained from patients in Baghdad, Iraq.
Materials: Seven T. indotineae isolates were analyzed in this study, and their proteolytic activity was qualitatively assessed using skim milk agar. The isolate displaying the largest clearanc

Background: Lung cancer is the predominant cause of cancer-related mortality globally, accounting for 18.4% of all cancer fatalities, leading to significant economic loss and societal hardship. EBV was identified in 1964 as the premiere human oncogenic virus; it currently contributes to over 200,000 cancer cases annually and around 1.8% of all cancer-related deaths globally. The KRAS gene belongs to the family of rat sarcoma viral oncogenes (RAS), it was identified in lung cancer located on the short arm of chromosome 12 (12p11.1–12p12.1) in 1982.

Objectives:  The study aims to analyze the complex molecular interactions among Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) IgG seropositivity, KRAS mutation-induced im

Background: The loss of functioning melanocytes in the skin causes vitiligo, an acquired autoimmune condition that manifests as big, white, unsightly patches on the skin. Melanocyte loss is caused by several reasons, including oxidative stress, inflammation, autoimmune, and metabolic problems, while the exact etiopathology of the condition remains unknown. There is a relationship between vitiligo, thyroid hormones, and cortisol levels.
Objective: The study aims to measure cortisol hormone levels in the serum of vitiligo patients and examine the thyroid hormones (T3, T4, and TSH).
Methods: In this case-control study, 80 vitiligo patients diagnosed between November 2023 and Febru

Background: Preeclampsia (PE) is a condition that is specific to pregnancy and has a substantial impact on the morbidity and mortality of the mother and the fetus worldwide. Currently, various markers may serve as possible predictors or markers for illness severity.

Objectives: The present study aimed to identify and evaluate the key clinical indicators differentiating preeclampsia with and without severe features.
Methods: The research included 90 pregnant Iraqi women who manifested preeclampsia subsequent to 24 weeks of gestation and were selected from Al-Elwiya Teaching Hospital for Maternity between April and June 2024. The patients were categorized into two groups: 45 wi

Background: Diabetic retinopathy is the primary ocular outcome of diabetes mellitus, a serious disease that significantly impacts global health. Microvascular complications arise from damage to small blood vessels, including retinopathy, nephropathy, cardiomyopathy, and neuropathy. Inconsistent findings exist in epidemiological research that specifically examines lipid levels and diabetic retinopathy. The small, dense Low-Density Lipoprotein particles are a specific subset of Low-Density Lipoprotein that possesses several pro-atherogenic characteristics.
Objectives: to evaluate the usefulness of serum small dense low-density lipoprotein level as a biomarker for predicting patients with type II diabe

Background: Hair follicle degradation characterizes androgenic alopecia (AGA). Deterioration shortens anagen and lengthens telogen, turning terminal hairs into vellus hairs. Males and females have this prevalent sickness. Antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant Syzygium aromaticum may treat it.
Objectives: To investigate Syzygium aromaticum as a hair growth booster in testosterone-induced alopecia as an alternative to allopathic treatments with fewer side effects.
Methods: A controlled experimental animal study at College of Pharmacy/ University of Baghdad was conducted from November 2022 to December 2024. Male BALB/c mice weighing 25–30 grams and

Background: Cancer is the greatest cause of death worldwide. To treat cancer effectively, radiation must maximize cytotoxicity against tumor cells while limiting injury to healthy cells. Nanotechnology and biomedical technologies can help improve cancer detection and treatment, but they also create challenges.
Objective: The objective of the study is to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of gold nanoparticles (25%, 50%, 100%) exposed to different doses of gamma radiation (200Gy, 400Gy, 600Gy) on breast cancer cells in women and comparison with normal cells.
Method: For 24 and 48 hours, breast cancer and normal breast cells were treated to 25%, 50%, and 100% gold n

Background: preventive analgesia using opioids has been the cornerstone in relieving postoperative pain. However, it carries undesirable side effect. The recent approach is to use other modalities instead. A lot of studies and researches have been done to evaluate ketorolac and Nefopam efficacy, duration of  pain relief and their side effects.
Objectives: prospective study to evaluate the efficacy and duration action of ketorolac 30mg and nefopam 20mg in relieving postoperative pain in comparison to Pethidine 50mg in obstetric patients after cesarean section under general anesthesia.
Methods: 120 patients included in this study. They were randomly divided in 3 groups. All rece

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis is an inflammatory illness. A complication of Rheumatoid arthritis is mainly linked to the risk of cardiovascular disease. High body weight has been implicated as a perilous risk factor for the development of Rheumatoid arthritis. Neopterin is secreted by monocytes and macrophages and is highly secreted from the coronary plaque. Moreover, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein is a biochemical analysis applied to quantify C-reactive protein with high sensitivity.
Objectives: To evaluate serum Neopterin and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in patients with rheumatoid arthritis to predict the risk of coronary artery disease. In addition, a correlation between neopterin

Background: Few Studies had been done on the role of histopathology in the medico-legal diagnosis of Electrocution even abroad.
Aim of the study: To determine the main histopathlogical features in cases of electrocution especially at the entry site of the electrical current which help in the diagnosis of those cases.
Methods: A full medico-legal autopsy had been done on 64 cadavers of persons died as a result of electrocution chosen randomly out of a total number of 144 cases of electrocution
during the year 2005 in the medico-legal institute of Baghdad including histopathological examination by ordinary method of different specimens from those cadavers at histopathology
department of the mentioned institu

Despite recent advances in both suture welding and knotless anchor technology, knot tying will remain a necessary skill which the surgeon must master when performing suture
anchor in laparoscopic surgery. There are an endless number of combinations of knots (sliding versus static, simple versus complex, etc.) and suture types (monofilament versus
braided) to accomplish this task. Surgeons are familiar with knotting but seem not to be aware of the possibilities and impact of the techniques of capsizing, flipping, and flyping
knots. (1) Capsizing refers to changing or perverting a flat knot’s geometry under asymmetric stress. The simplest examples of this is the change

Background and Objective:
There are many treatment modalities in managing complete rectal prolapse (CRP) current study present simple technique of cauterization plication operation in the treatment
of complete rectal prolapse.
Methods:
The study include 30 patients present with CRP their mean age (74.3 ± 4.6), 19 females and 11 males. With the patient under- general anesthesia in litliotomy position the
proolapsed rectum pulled outside the anal canal, the mucosa was cauterized, the muscle layer was plicated by 2/0 dixon suture. Posterior levtorplasty were done in 10 adult patients
when it is indicated.
Results:
The postoperative follow up was 12-24 months. Six had postoperative mucosal prolaps