Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health concern and a leading cause of mortality worldwide. This study aimed to explore the relationship between the expression of microRNA-223 (miRNA-223) and the prevalence of chronic renal disease, with a focus on identifying potential biomarkers in Iraqi patients. The study found a correlation between blood lipid profiles and the risk of developing CKD. A total of 250 blood samples were collected, 150 samples from CKD patients and 100 samples control group were collected from healthy individuals. Clinical biomarkers showed that there was a significant increase (p-value ≤ 0.05) in white blood count, neutrophil, lymphocyte, blood urea and creatinine, while the increase in platele

The objective of this study is to investigate the potential association between age, gender, and the incidence of glioma. Thirty-four paraffin embedded tissue samples from patients with high grade glioma, (13female and 21 male), and thirty as control (20 female and 10 male) were randomly selected. All samples with age range (13-70 years) with mean age of 44.94 ± 2.99. Patient samples were collected from the archives of the Neurological Hospital in Baghdad. Tissue sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin for histopathological examinations conducted from December 2022 to July 2023. The results indicated a significant difference P≤0.05 between Glioma and gender p-value 0.0437) in both sexes, with male patients have a higher inci

Arabic text and characters recognition are among the most challenging problems in the field of optical character recognition (OCR) due to the complex nature of the letters and their variance in forms. This paper presents a new ADL dataset of the Arabic derived letters: Che (چ), Ngain (ڠ), Pe (پ), Ve (ڤ), Zhe (ژ), and the three versions of Gaf (گ, ڭ, and ݣ). This dataset consists of 55,440 images from scanned handwritten papers made by 30 participants of different ages, thus ensuring demographic and stylistic diversity. The dataset has been evaluated on three different models: a Support Vector Machine (SVM), a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), and a Vision Transformer (ViT) to demonstrate its practical usability. Several forms f

Recent advancements in deep learning models-based Unnamed Aerial Vehicle (UAV) object detection technologies have garnered significant interest in smart cities. The tiny object detection task is still a crucial challenge in research due to variant image resolution and training sample size. The primary aim of this paper is to realize precision and model generalization in multi-scale object detection tasks. An optimization of the YOLOv8 (You Only Look Once version 8) deep learning model was carried out to detect 16 classes of tiny objects in UAV imagery data with the assistance of the transfer learning technique. The optimization method's workflow consists of two main procedures; the first procedure aimed to fine-tune the YOLOv8 model's hy

Serratia marcescens is gram negative bacteria, an opportunistic and nosocomial pathogen. Some strains possess the ability to produce a pigment called prodigiosin. While numerous studies have explored the antimicrobial properties of prodigiosin produced by S. marcescens against other microorganisms, the effect of prodigiosin on the producing S. marcescens isolates themselves remains unclear and warrants further investigation.  Ten isolates of S. marcescens were isolated from 135 wound samples collected from some hospitals in Baghdad city. The isolates were cultured on selective media, identified by further biochemical tests and confirmed by VITEK2 compact system in (7.4%) isolation percentage. Four fro

Celiac disease is a condition in which the small intestine's lining is damaged and the body has trouble absorbing nutrients, typically occurring in individuals who are genetically susceptible and triggered by the consumption of gluten. The pathogenesis of this disease involves the interactions between environmental, genetics, and immunological factors. This research designed to inspect the frequencies of genotypes and alleles of IL-9 rs17317275 in an Iraqi celiac disease population via allele specific primers-polymerase chain reaction technology. The study included fifty patients with celiac disease, with a mean age of 23.5±11.88 years, preforming between November 2021 to February 2022. The results indicated that the AA genotype and

Accurate determination of Mebendazole in pharmaceutical formulations is essential for ensuring drug quality and monitoring therapeutic efficacy in humans. Therefore, a new technique for detecting the antifungal medication mebendazole was developed. This method utilizes flow injection analysis with merging zones, offering a quick, straightforward, and highly sensitive approach to quantifying the drug. The method relies on mebendazole to reduce iron III to iron II under acidic conditions. The reduced iron then reacts with 1,10-phenanthroline to form an orange-red colored complex measured spectroscopically at 510 nm. The method showed a linear correlation between response and concentration over 25-250 µg/mL, with 22 and 25.5 µg/mL LOD and

Ensuring robust authentication is essential in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) to protect sensitive data transfer between nodes. This paper proposes the use of mathematical implementations to enhance the security and complexity of secret data transmission between nodes, thereby providing a robust communication system. Additionally, it proposes a new mathematical implementation as an authentication model based on the Taylor expansion sequence. This strategy allows secure communication between any two nodes to prevent the malicious node from stealing the data or hacking the secret information from any node on the network. The proposed solution is based on unique parameters carried by any two communicating nodes in the network. These nodes

In a cloud computing environment, virtual machines must be allocated wisely among queued resources waiting for a specific service. In this case, the optimal load balancing on those virtual machines must be done using optimization methods. Because the distribution of processes on the VMs is considered one of the NP-Hard optimization problems, it is necessary to use optimization methods. This paper proposes a hybridized Gray Wolf Optimizer (GWO) and Levy Flight (LF) search approach. The proposed method is called Levy Flight-GWO-Virtual Machine Load Balancing (LF-GWO-VM-LB). Despite the success of the standard GWO alone as a load-balancing method, it needs to improve its explorative capability and premature convergence. Levy flight is an id

In this paper, the point estimation method for parameters  and  of the parameters of the Exponential-Rayleigh distribution have been estimated by using the simulation technique by using two Bayesian estimation methods; The first Bayesian method of estimation  consists of  standard Bayesian estimation  methods and the second Bayesian estimation method consists lindley approximation Bayes estimation method to estimate all the unknown parameters  of Exponential-Rayleigh distribution. Comparisons between these two methods were made by employing the Mean squares error criterion. Applying a simulation technique with different sample sizes, these methods are being compared. The simulation procedure is used to generate some sample s

Human identification is crucial in forensics for the investigation of large-scale disasters such as fires, epidemics, earthquakes, and tsunamis. Even though biometric identification using panoramic dental radiography (PDR) has been the subject of several studies in the literature, further study remains a necessary and challenging issue. In this research, a human identification system was developed based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) and contour transform (CT). The proposed system was implemented on a total of 1540 PDR from 302 individuals. The preprocessing applied to PDRs for enhancing and taking the Region of Interest (ROI). The features were extracted using CT transform. These features were fused with features extracted from

The ongoing issue of unauthorized image distribution poses a serious modern challenge. This research introduces an innovative dual image watermarking technique that determines a potential embedding area in a small 4×4 DCT block and employs a hybrid approach of NSST-LWT-DCT-SVD to ensure efficient copyright protection. The watermark images are integrated using the red and green channels. These channels are then transformed using NSST-LWT to extract the low-frequency sub-band. Following this, the low-frequency section is divided into 4×4 blocks. The Human Visual System (HVS) is then used to select the appropriate blocks, which are transformed using DCT. Certain coefficients from the middle frequency of the DCT are chosen for decompositio

This study included the synthsised of new nanocomposites using hydrothermal and sol-gel methods by preparing a mixture of metal oxides from their salts using the hydrothermal method, and then using the sol-gel method, the mixture of prepared metal oxides was reacted with polyaniline (as a substrate) prepared immediately through the polymerization of aniline (monomer). Nanocomposites consisting of polyaniline and various metal oxides (PANI-MO) were synthesized using a combination of hydrothermal and sol-gel techniques. This study employed metal oxides (MO) including zinc oxide (ZnO), copper oxide (CuO), and cobalt oxide (CoO). Metal oxides were added to the PANI to create nanocomposites nickelcobalt oxides (NiO: CoO) and nickel-copper oxi

Enterococci are a significant cause of hospital-acquired infections and have emerged as a global public health issue. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and characteristics of Enterococcus faecalis in local clinical samples, as well as to examine their biofilm-forming potential and antibiotic susceptibility profiles. Samples were collected from Medical City Hospitals in Baghdad city from November 2023 to February 2024. E. faecalis bacterium was isolated and identified from 120 clinical samples (tooth canal, blood, tissue and urine samples) through biochemical tests, with confirmation using Vitek 2 system. The total percentage of isolation for E. faecalis was 54.16% where 16.7% of tooth root canal and 50%

Ongoing substance abuse poses substantial public health concerns, primarily due to its wide-ranging impact on physiological processes. This study investigates the biochemical and hematological alterations associated with long-term drug abuse and seeks to elucidate the broader physiological consequences for both clinical assessment and public health planning. In the present case-control study, 100 male participants were divided into 60 drug abusers and 40 non-abusers. Thyroid hormones, liver enzymes, kidney function tests, and hematological tests like CBC (complete blood count) were analyzed in blood samples. There were notable differences between the groups; drug abusers showed higher serum levels of T4, urea, ALP, alanine transamina

This study aimed to elucidate the roles of heparin, adenosine, N-cadherin, and β-catenin in cancer, with the ultimate goal of identifying a novel therapeutic target that can be combined with chemotherapy to enhance the host immune response against cancer. A pilot study was conducted in the main medical hospital in Baghdad (medical city-oncology teaching hospital). A total of 60 blood samples were collected from women with breast cancer aged 25-65 years, along with 30 blood samples from apparently healthy women aged matched with patients. The samples were divided into three groups: 30 newly diagnosed patients untreated breast cancer, 30 patients undergoing chemotherapy (Adriamycin + cyclophoshomide), and 30 health control individuals. Th

  In this paper, we explore the geometric properties and tensor components of C₅ ⊕ C₁₂ -manifolds. Firstly, we established the characteristics identity of this class on G-structure adjoined space and found the equivalent conditions for the defining condition of the class in terms of Kirichenko’s tensors. Furthermore, the Cartan structure equations, components of the Riemannian curvature tensor, and the Ricci tensor are derived of this class. Finally, we introduced the appropriate conditions for these manifolds to be Einstein manifolds.

Indonesia is a country rich in natural resources, one of which is gold deposits scattered across several locations, including the islands of Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, Maluku, Nusa Tenggara and Papua.  This study aims to (1) determine the type of alteration contained in the research area based on the altered mineral set resulting from the alteration process and the characteristics of gold deposits in metamorphic rocks in the study area, (2) determine the mineralisation characteristics of gold deposits by conducting geochemical analysis, (3) determine the type of metamorphic facies in host-rocks Gold deposits in the research area, (4) explain how the distribution of gold content from the results of geochemical analysis, (5) explain the gen

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has severely affected worldwide health, but the prediction of patient mortality remains difficult to achieve accurately. Current predictive methods mainly concentrate on clinical condition measurements without a complete view of death predictions. This research fills the void between advanced modelling through XGBoost and Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) for improved COVID-19 mortality prediction analysis. We applied a systematic four-phase approach to collect data from the "COVID-19 Symptoms Dataset containing symptoms and death cases as well as mortality rates and confirmed cases, " prior to data processing and analysis stages, including cleaning, visualization and feature analysis, followed by the implementatio

 In this study, silica gel (SG) derived from steel slag (SS) was utilized as an adsorbent for the removal process of lead, nickel and cadmium, both individually and in combination. Experimental results demonstrated that steel slag was successfully converted into silica gel by chemical and thermal treatments, yielding a material composed of 95.61% silica with a specific surface area of 472.38 m²/g. Monitoring of adsorption processes highlighted the considerable impact of contact time, pH, temperature, stirring speed, and initial concentration on these processes. The amounts absorbed after 50 minutes of contact for lead, nickel, and cadmium were 144.74, 133.14 and 126.89 mg/g. However, for the mixture, it had reached 119.12 mg/

Query optimization in relational databases is a costly process, and the number of different permutations of link operations for a query grows exponentially as the number of tables in the query increases. Current query optimization techniques are unsuitable for use in cases where the number of database tables and the number of rows in each table are large. On the other hand, the key to the success of a database system is the efficiency of its query model. Therefore, this research proposes a method for optimizing query execution by rearranging query structures.

Due to the increasing importance of reducing the execution time of the optimal design in the connection operation with a large number of tables and minimizing the execution t

The author's previous covered the concept of fuzzy normed linear space into hesitant fuzzy normed linear space. This work introduces hesitant fuzzy n-normed linear space as a generalization of n-normed space in addition to the generic t-norm, which is the major objective, and provides an expanding family of S*-n-norms that correspond to fuzzy n-norms. The decomposition theorem of a hesitant fuzzy norm into a set of crisp norms has been proven to fail when a t-norm other than "min" is used. This paper also addresses essential conclusions for fuzzy normed linear spaces of limited dimensions within a broad t-norm framework.

Diabetic retinopathy is an eye disease, because of pressure in eye nerve fiber. It is a major cause of blindness in middle as well as older age groups; therefore it is essential to diagnose it earlier. Some of the challenges are in the diagnosis of the disease is detection edges of the image, may be some important edges are missed outcome the noise around the corners.
Wherefore, in order to reduce these effects in this paper, we proposed a new technique for edge detection using traditional operators in combination with fuzzy logic based on fuzzy inference system. The results show that the proposed fuzzy edge detection technique better than of traditional techniques, where vascular are markedly detected over the original.

Biosorption is an effective method to remove toxic metals from wastewaters. In this
study biosorption of lead and chromium ions from solution was studied using
Citrobacter freundii and Citrobacter kosari isolated from industrial wastewater. The
experimental results showed that optimum grwoth temperature for both bacteria is 30oC
and the optimum pH is 7 &6 for C. freundii and C. kosari respectively. While the
optimum incubation period to remove Pb and Cr for C. freundii and C. kosari is 4 days
and 3days respectively. Also the biosorption of Pb and Cr in mixed culture of bacteria
and mixed culture of Pb and Cr was investigated. Result indicate that uptake of Cr and
Pb for C.freundii, C. kosari and in mixes cultu

Influenza is a highly infectious and lethal viral disease, it appears on Earth periodically in connection with the passage of comet in the vicinity of Earth around the Sun .it is believed that particles spread from the tail of the comet due to solar heating energy ,are contaminated with very tiny small particles considered as viruses. Viruses reach the Earth with the power of the solar wind due to solar activity cycle which is driven every 11 year. Viruses pushed towards Earth’s atmosphere, then precipitate on clouds and reach the surface of Earth. These viruses are very well shielded and unaffected by even UV radiation ,but the only way the shell is melt when they passes through the digestive system . Results showed a good correlation

Maternal obesity is linked rates of high-risk obstetrical conditions such as diabetes and hypertension with higher rates of cesarean section. Pregnancy outcomes are negatively affected by maternal obesity (increased risk of neonatal mortality and malformations) . The research aims to show the effect of obesity of woman on physical and metabolisms status.

In this research, 152 clinical samples were collected from different hospitals in
Baghdad city, 30 isolates of Proteus spp. were identified from urine, wounds and
burns by using different bacteriological and biochemical assays. It was found that 20
(66.6%) samples were identifies as Proteus mirabilis and 10 (33.3%) samples were
Proteus vulgaris. Among the 30 isolates of Proteus spp., 18 isolates (60%) were
isolated from urine samples; 7 (23.3%) isolates from wounds samples and 5 (16.6%)
isolates from burns samples. Out of 20 isolates of P. mirabilis, 13 (65%) isolates
were from urine samples, 4 (20%) isolates were isolated from wounds samples and 3
(15%) isolates from burns. According to the gender, out of 30 Prot

      The problem of text recognition and its applicability as part of images captured in the wild has gained a significant attention from the computer vision community in recent years. In contrast to the recognition of printed documents, scene text recognition is a difficult problem. Contrary to recognition of printed documents, recognizing a scene text is a challenging problem. Many researches focus on the problem of recognizing text extracted from natural scene images. Significant attempts have been made to address this problem in recent past. However, many of these attempts work on utilizing availability of strong context, which naturally limits the dictionary. This paper presents a review of recent papers related to scene text

Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is one of the photochemical electric cells, which consists of the photoelectrode, the dye, the electrolyte, and the counter electrode. The advantage of DSSC is the low cost of the solar energy conversion into electricity because of inexpensive materials and the relative ease of the fabrication processes. In this study was selected solvent dye resolve to know most efficient in terms of conversion efficiency. A dye solution of water or ethanol and maxing in which eosin – y dissolves behaves like a colloid and explores the effect of sintering temperature of TiO2 films on the efficiency of dye sensitized solar cells. A study conducted on several samples at different temperatures. Exemplary efficiency of the

The approach given in this paper leads to numerical methods to find the approximate solution of volterra integro –diff. equ.1st kind. First, we reduce it from integro VIDEs to integral VIEs of the 2nd kind by using the reducing theory, then we use two types of Non-polynomial spline function (linear, and quadratic). Finally, programs for each method are written in MATLAB language and a comparison between these two types of Non-polynomial spline function is made depending on the least square errors and running time. Some test examples and the exact solution are also given.