Amoebas live freely in different climates and parts of the world. Several species of Free Living Amoeba (FLA) are capable of causing serious as well as fatal infections in human beings. The aim of this study was to identify and compare genotypes of water-polluting FLA in major rivers and lakes of Iraq and compare them with FLA isolates from Iran and Turkey. For this purpose, the study included 20 water samples from the Tigris River, Euphrates River , Najaf Sea and Dukan lake in Iraq, 20 water samples from  Marivan, Velasht, and Soleimanshah lakes and Caspian sea in Iran, and 20 water samples from Sabanca, Seyfi , Hazar and Yay lakes in Turkey. The samples were studied by culture methods, invert microscope, and molecular methods.

The use of Right dihedral method, Lisle graph, and Mohr diagram allows the analysis of the paleostress. Fault slip data were measured for eighteen data of two stations located within Chia Gara structure in Dohuk area in the High Folded Zone, Northern Iraq. Depending on Mohr diagram, Bott equation, and vertical thickness, the magnitudes of the paleostress at the time of the tectonic activity were determined. Firstly, Georient Software was used to estimate the orientation of the paleostresses (σ1, σ2 and σ3). Secondly, using the rupture –friction law, taking into account the depth of the overburden, the vertical stress (σv) was calculated to determine the magnitude of the paleostresses in the study area. The values in st

     Epilepsy is a central nervous system disease which is characterized by a recurrent seizure that distinguishes it from other similar diseases. Epilepsy may occur due to defects in genes that encode some receptors in the brain. For this reason, this study aimed to understand the association between Synapsin-2 (SYN2) gene and susceptibility to epilepsy. Blood samples were collected from 40 volunteers, including 30 patients suffering epilepsy with an age range of 26-49 years old and 10 healthy individuals with an age range of 25-53 years old. The study sample involved 16 males and 14 females with epilepsy along with 6 males and 4 females healthy subjects.  DNA was isolated from the volunteers for PCR-RF

Apple vinegar has many uses that include burn and wound healing and as an antimicrobial agent against different microorganisms, but not as a solvent. Therefore, this study aimed to use commercial apple vinegar as solvent to the plants of  roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa), green tea (Camellia sinensis), and clove (Syzygium aromaticum). The effects of apple-vinegar extracts of these plants were compared with those of aqueous and ethanolic extracts against biofilm formation by Candida genus. Clove vinegar extract demonstrated antibiofilm activity against C. albicans, alone (2.4907± 0.382) or in combination with the antifungal agents fluconazole (1.689±0.33), nystati

The main goal of this work, is to study new classes of bornological semi group with respect to S-bounded maps, S*-bounded maps and S**-bounded maps. This manuscript would be useful to give the theoritical solution for problems in bounded and limatation by restrict the condition of boundedness. So, the motivation of this work is to require less restrictive condition on the semigroup operations neither of the operation is required to be bounded. The main important results, we prove that every bornological semigroup is an S-bornological semigroup, S*-bornological semigroup and S**-bornological semigroup. Furthermore, the certain condition for any codomain of S*-bornological semigroup to be S*-bornological semigroup was given. In addition, e

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a hematologic malignancy characterized by
progressive accumulation of lymphocytes. This study aimed to evaluate humoral
immunity in patients with CLL via estimation of serum levels of immunoglobulins IgG,
IgA, and IgM and two cytokines: interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-10 (IL-10). Blood
samples were collected from 48 patients with CLL (28 treated and 20 untreated). Other
20 blood samples were collected from healthy individuals as control group. Single radial
immune-diffusion assay was used to estimate the serum levels of immunoglobulins.
Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to estimate serum concentration
of IL-4 and IL-10. The study showed un

The main objectives of the present research are of two goals; first, to define and
locale the main cover types (components) of AL-Hawizeh Marshes, and second, to
track and detect the changes encountered in these cover types (components) during
the last three decades time episodes To fulfill these goals, LANDSAT and MODIS
images were applied. The LANDSAT images (MSS-1973, TM-1990 and ETM+
2002) were used to determine the Marshlands cover types before, during and after
the Marsh destruction (marshes dehydrations). One MODIS image was selected to
cover the main changes that have been happened in 2010. Programming; Supervised
classifications (minimum distance classification) were applied for monitoring

Digital tampering identification, which detects picture modification, is a significant area of image analysis studies. This area has grown with time with exceptional precision employing machine learning and deep learning-based strategies during the last five years. Synthesis and reinforcement-based learning techniques must now evolve to keep with the research. However, before doing any experimentation, a scientist must first comprehend the current state of the art in that domain. Diverse paths, associated outcomes, and analysis lay the groundwork for successful experimentation and superior results. Before starting with experiments, universal image forensics approaches must be thoroughly researched. As a result, this review of various met

Applying the finite difference method for the time discretization . We present a numerical method to approximate the inverse system of Burgers equations (ISBE) with the time-fractional . By using the finite difference formula and extended cubic B-splines collocation method (EXCBSM) , we determine the approximated solution of this inverse system problem . The convergence analysis is investigated and the order of convergence is obtained . The advantage of this study is comparing it with the other method such as the cubic B-spline collocation method . Also , to clarify the presented method , figures and comparisons of the approximate solutions with the exact value have been presented . Finally , the diagrams of errors for our methods are sh

We introduce a mode l to describe the evolution of bacterial meningitis epidemics in a non constant population. We derive the value of the basic reproduction number of our model. We analy z e the local and global stability of the disease free and endemic equilibria. We confirm the results by a numerical analysis of the model.

Several heterocyclic compounds bearing an imidazo(1,2a)pyridine moiety have been synthesized in this work, including triazole, thiazol, and thiazolone. This was done by condensation of 2-aminopyridine with 2-aminopyridine with 4-bromophencyl bromide or 4-phenylphencyl bromide to produce 2-substituted phenyl imidazo(1,2a)pyridine compounds 1 and 2. The Vilsmeier-Haak reaction was used to create the aldehyde group at position 3 of the 2-substituted phenyl imidazo(1,2a)pyridine ring (3 and 4). The reaction of compounds 3 and 4 with thiosemicarbazide afforded thiosemicarbazone derivatives 5 and 6 in 66 and 70% yields, respectively. These derivatives (5 and 6) were then subjected to three different cyclization reactions to obtain 1,3-thiazolo

In this paper, we introduce new concepts of pseudo- -closed -injective module, and quasi- pseudo- -closed- injective module. This work which is generalization of pseudo-injective modules and y-closed-injective modules. We have provided some characteristics and descriptions of those concepts. CLS-modules have been characterized in terms of pseudo- - closed-injective modules. We have shown the relationships of quasi-pseudo- -closed-injective with other concepts, including a Co-Hopfian, directly finite modules.

Dysregulation of matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitors of
matrix metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) may contribute to the development of
cardiovascular diseases in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. The aim of this
study was to determine the effects of chronic hyperglycemia on serum
concentrations of MMP-9 and TIMP-1of T2DM patients without dyslipidemia (one
of atherosclerosis risk factors) and with duration less than 5 years in comparison
with T2DM patients with dyslipidemia and with duration more than 10 years and
controls. Also to investigate if serum levels of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 could be
potential markers for early detection of the development of cardiovascular
complications in T2DM pati

Two hundred and ten specimens include urine, blood and ear swab were collected from different hospitals in Baghdad city; 85 (40%) isolates were diagnosed as Proteus spp. with (82%), (11.7%) and (5.8%) represented in urine, blood and ear swab specimens respectively. PCR technique was shown 30 (35.3%) isolates were positive for specific Urease C gene that used in rapid detection of Proteus vulgaris. The ability for chondritinase production was checked invetro and invevo, 24 (80%) isolates of P. vulgaris were showed ablity to chondritinase production and the isolate (p17) has higher enzyme activity value to (175.2U/ml). The Chondroitinase was purified by three short steps only included precipitate with 60% saturated of ammonium sulfate, dia

Interleukin 37 (IL37) is an anti-inflammatory cytokine, secreted by monocytes, macrophages, and epithelial cells, which suppress the immune system through binding to one of the receptors and co-receptors of the IL-1R family. Different allergic disease phenotypes may be related to different biomarkers, and many mechanisms involve in the pathogenesis of allergic inflammations, so it is wealthy to study different cytokines to understand their effect on allergic diseases. Blood specimens were obtained from patients attending the Allergic Specialized Center/Baghdad-Resafa 74 patients with allergic diseases (rhinitis patients 24, asthma patients 26, urticaria patients 24 (37 men and 37 women) and 14 healthy control subjects (7 men and 7 women)

This study includes collection of 70 swabs samples of burns from patients were
admitted in three hospitals (Baghdad, Al- Numaan and burns injuries Hospital). All
swabs samples were cultured on blood and MacConkey agar media to isolate and
identify pathogenic bacteria according to their morphological , biochemical and
growth characters. Growth of bacteria on selective media showed the following
results: Pseudomonas aeroginosa 44.28% , Klebsiella pneumonia 30% ,
Staphylococcu saureus 8.57% , Escherichia coli 4.28% , Proteus vulgaris 4.28 % ,
Enterobacter spp. 5.71% , Acinetobacter baumanni 2.89 %. Different concentrations
were prepared from leaves ethanolic crude extract of Catharanthus roseus , then the
anti-bac

Tensile strength study of UPE/PVC composites reinforced with one and two layers of
random glass fibers has been investigated. Hand lay up method was used to prepare
sheets of UPE/PVC blends with different weight percentage of PVC(10%,20% and30%)
Results show increasing in the values of maximum stresses, yield stresses and modulus
of elasticity for UPE/PVC blends with increasing the weight percentage of the polyvinyl
chloride (PVC) . UPE/PVC blends reinforced with one layer of glass fiber results show
good mechanical properties for the composite which contain 20% PVC. Also the results
show that composites reinforced with two layers of glass fiber randomly increasing in
values of maximum stresses wit

Buddy system algorithm is dynamic memory control which is usually embedded in
the memory management unit, which is a part of the most widely use modern operating
systems. Dynamic memory management is an important and essential part of computer
systems design. Efficient memory allocation, garbage collection and compaction are
becoming increasingly more critical in parallel, distributed and real-time applications
using object-oriented languages like C++ and Java. In this paper we present a technique
that uses a Binary tree for the list of available memory blocks and show how this method
can manage memory more efficiently and facilitate easy implementation of well known
garbage collection techniques.<

This study is concerned with channel banks slopes in the middle sector of Al-Massab Al-Aam channel in the middle and south of Iraq. The geotechnical properties of soil in the channel banks including physical ,engineering, chemical and mineralogical characters in over (25) station have been studied.
The grain size distribution of the bank soils of channel showed that the clay percentage is higher than those of the silt and sand percentages.
The bank soils are classified according to the USCS standards. They are composed of clay with low plasticity (CL) that represents 88% of the soil and ,clay with high plasticity (CH)represents 12% of the soil. The saturated density values ranges between 1.679 and 1.953 g/cm3 with average value of

The reduction to pole of the aeromagnetic map of the western desert of Iraq has been used to outline the main basement structural features. Three selected magnetic anomalies are used to determine the depths of their magnetic sources. The estimated depths are obtained by using slope half slope method and have been corrected through the application of a published nomogram. These depths are compared with previous published depth values which provide a new look at the basement of the western desert in addition to the thickness map of the Paleozoic formations. The results shed light on the important of the great depths of the basement structures and in turn the sedimentary cover to be considered for future hydrocarbon exploration

     The study area is encompassed by the 33.59-34.93°N latitudes and 45.44-46.39°E longitudes and divided into four groups with respect to earthquake event locations. We determined fault plane solutions, moment magnitudes, focal depths, and trend of slip with the direction of the moment stress axes (P, N, and T) for 102 earthquakes. These earthquakes had a local magnitude in the range between 4.0 and 6.4 for the time period from January 2018 to the end of August 2019, with focal depths ranged between 6 and 17 km. Waveform moment tensor inversion technique was used to analyze the database constructed from seismic stations on local and neighboring country networks (Iraq, Iran, and Turkey). We separated the studie

The present study aimed to determine the impacts of Aspirin drug on the stomach of albino Swiss mice. The study sample included 10 male mice divided into 2 groups. The first group was orally administered with 0.1 mL of 0.75 mg/kg aspirin once daily, whereas the second group, the control, was treated with similar doses of distilled water. Following 60 days of successive treatment, a number of parameters was studied including difference in body weight and histopathological changes in the  stomach as diagnosed after histological preparation. The results showed a significant decrease (p<0.05) in body weight average of the treated mice compared with the control group. The results also revealed the occurrence of several histopathologic

     Steganography involves concealing information by embedding data within cover media and it can be categorized into two main domains: spatial and frequency. This paper presents two distinct methods. The first is operating in the spatial domain which utilizes the least significant bits (LSBs) to conceal a secret message. The second method is the functioning in the frequency domain which hides the secret message within the LSBs of the middle-frequency band of the discrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficients. These methods enhance obfuscation by utilizing two layers of randomness: random pixel embedding and random bit embedding within each pixel. Unlike other available methods that embed data in sequential order with a fixed amount.

Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) have been developed to improve the efficiency and safety of road transport by using new technologies for communication. Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) are a subset of ITS widely used to solve different issues associated with transportation in cities. Road traffic congestion is still the most significant problem that causes important economic and productivity damages, as well as increasing environmental effects. This paper introduces an early traffic congestion alert system in a vehicular network, using the internet of things (IoT) and fuzzy logic, for optimizing the traffic and increasing the flow. The proposed system detects critical driving conditions, or any emerge

This paper investigated the treatment of textile wastewater polluted with aniline blue (AB) by electrocoagulation process using stainless steel mesh electrodes with a horizontal arrangement. The experimental design involved the application of the response surface methodology (RSM) to find the mathematical model, by adjusting the current density (4-20 mA/cm2), distance between electrodes (0.5-3 cm), salt concentration (50-600 mg/l), initial dye concentration (50-250 mg/l), pH value (2-12 ) and experimental time (5-20 min). The results showed that time is the most important parameter affecting the performance of the electrocoagulation system. Maximum removal efficiency (96 %) was obtained at a current density of 20 mA/cm2, distance between

The present study aims to isolate and identify ectoparasites, specifically hard ticks, that infest both domestic and wild rabbits. This research is motivated by the heightened sensitivity of rabbits to infestations by hard ticks, which are recognized as the primary vectors of certain blood-borne diseases, particularly Viral Hemorrhagic Fever (VHF). The study areas were spread across five provinces in Iraq: Baghdad, Karbala, Wasit, Mosul, and Al-Anbar. A total of 85 hard ticks (42 male and 43 female) were infested by 57 rabbits (Leporidae Family), including 19 wild rabbits (hare) with an infestation rate of 100% and 38 domestic rabbits with an infestation rate of 18.42%. Total of infestation was 45.61%. The current results are the occurre

The study involved seven Iraqi date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivars propagated through tissue culture (TC) and two cultivars propagated by offshoots (Offs). The internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) region of nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) was used as the marker for investigation. In an effort to institute genetic relations between various date palm cultivars and uncover their molecular evolution, trees were constructed using the ''neighbor-joining''  (NJ) and ''maximum parsimony'' (MP) approaches. The variation in GC content in the ITS1 region was recorded at 52–53%. The data suggests that transitions have a lower frequency compared to transversions in this region, where the overall bias R for transition/transversion h

In this work, nine new cyclic imides 10-18 were synthesized starting with 4-aminoacetophenone and heterocyclic amines (2-aminothiazole, 4-aminopyridine, and 4-aminoantipyrine). The first step included a condensation between 4-aminoacetophenone and heterocyclic amines to afford the corresponding imines 1-3 in 82-90% yields. These imines (1-3) were then treated with phthalic and maleic anhydrides to give heterocyclic iminophthalamic and maleamic acids 4-9, which were dehydrated using fusion conditions to provide the desired phthalimides and maleimides (10-15) in yields ran

Colorectal cancer is a malignant condition that can arise from multiple causative factors. It ranks second, behind lung cancer, as a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Extensive research has been conducted to unravel the genetic underpinnings and molecular mechanisms underlying the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, epigenetic modifications of histones at the DNA level have become significantly involved in several malignant diseases such as CRC. Hence, this research sought to assess, for the first time locally, the immunoexpression of HDAC-1 and 3 in a group of colorectal patients. Additionally, we explored potential correlations between the expression of HDAC-1, 3 and VEGF. This retrospective study encompass

Trogoderma granarium Everts 1898, commonly known as the khapra beetle, is a widespread pest species affecting stored grains. Samples of this pest were collected from different geographical regions across four governorates in Iraq, namely Mosul, Salahdin, Dhi Qar, and two regions within Baghdad (Latifiya and Jamila). The current study provides a detailed description of T. granarium about the morphological characteristics of the three body regions and their appendages that studied and supported by illustrations. Due to the morphological similarity between this species and many closely related species, accurate identification is challenging, particularly when the stored materials are contaminated with insect remains. There