This project aims to fabricate nanostructures (AgNPS) using the  electrical exploding wire (EEW) technique using Rhodamine 6G dye as the probe molecule, investigate the effect of AgNPS on the absorption spectra and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) activities, and advance  using porous silicon as an active substrate for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). X-Ray diffraction (XRD) was used to investigate the structural properties of the nanostructures (AgNPs). Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) was used to investigate surface morphology. A double beam UV-Vis Spectrophotometer was used to analyze the mixed R6G laser dye(of concentration 1x  M)  absorption spectra with the nanostructures AgNPS (of concentra

    The present work aims to evaluate the content of some toxic metals in chemical and organic fertilizers purchased from local markets in Baghdad, Iraq. The analysis was performed by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) system. The emission spectral lines of lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd) and cobalt (Co) have been recorded to determine the best peak representing each element according to the NIST database. The validity of the LIBS procedure was checked by cross-validating the obtained results using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) with a maximum relative error of 5.3%. Moreover, for qualitative analysis, Pb I 296.64 nm emission line was determined to be superior for the evaluation of lead content in terms of three

  Pseudomonas aeruginosa is considered as a developing opportunistic nosocomial pathogen and is well-known for its multidrug resistance that can be efficiently treated by a combination of antibiotics andefflux pump inhibitors (EPI). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of curcumin as an EPI for the enhancement of the effectiveness of antibiotics against multidrug resistant (MDR) isolates ofP. aeruginosa. Susceptibility patterns of suspected bacteria was determined using the disc diffusion method andresistant bacteria were identified using chromogenic agar and 16S rDNA. The effectsof curcuminon the enhancement of antibiotics’s activity was evaluated usingthe broth microd

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) represents a group of multifactorial autoinflammatory arthritis diseases. A dysregulated production of pro-inflammatory cytokines is proposed to have a role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is one of these pro-inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, this study aimed to define the role of IL-18 in the pathogenesis of JIA. Accordingly, the serum level of IL-18 was determined in 59 Iraqi JIA patients and 58 matched controls. The results revealed a significantly increased median of IL-18 in the patients as compared to the control. A similar increased level was observed in subgroups of patients characterized according to gender, seropositivity for C-reactive protein and rheumatoid facto

     A polypyrrole-based ammonia-detection gas sensor was studied in this work. Under a 1.6 V electrodeposition potential, polypyrrole (PPy) was electrochemically synthesized from an aqueous solution of 0.1 M pyrrole and 0.1 M oxalic acid. An extension to the polypyrrole films was applied through electrochemical deposition on indium tin oxide (ITO), using the metal oxide nanoparticles of MgO and WO₃. These films were investigated for their sensing behavior towards NH₃ at different working temperatures and different weight percentages of nanoparticles .The measurements of A.C conductivity were conducted over a frequency range of 10¹-10⁵ Hz and temperature range of 298-423 K .

      4-[(2-Amino-4-phenylazo)-methyl]-cyclo hexane carboxylic acid, a new Azo (LH2) ligand, was synthesized by reaction of the diazonium salt of trans-4-(amino-methyl) cyclo hexane carboxylic acid with 3-amino phenol. The azo ligand was characterized by micro elemental analysis (C.H.N.O.) and TGA as well as spectroscopic techniques (UV-Vis, FTIR, ¹H-NMR, and LC-Mass). Atomic absorption, elemental analysis, infrared, LC-Mass, TGA, and UV-Vis spectral methods, as well as conductivity and magnetic susceptibility, were used to characterize the complexes of Ni (II), Pd (II), and Pt (IV). The following general formula has been given for the produced compounds based on the results obtained, which are as followi

It is estimated that about 20% of all hospital-acquired infections can be attributed to environmental contamination. Acinetobacter baumannii has been identified as the primary pathogen, posing a significant hazard to human health. This work aims to evaluate the frequency, and pattern of antibiotic resistance, as well as the correlation between biofilm production and the distribution of biofilm-related genotypes in multidrug-resistant A. baumannii samples isolated from a tertiary hospital environment in Baghdad, Iraq. Conventional methods, biochemical analysis, the VITEK-2 compact system, and blaoxa-51 gene amplification were employed to identify suspected isolates. The biofilm-forming capability and antibiotic

Molecular epidemiology techniques played a crucial role during the COVID-19 pandemic, as the genotyping of emerging variants was essential for effective surveillance, predicting transmission rates, and understanding the evolutionary dynamics of the virus. In Iraq, the epidemiological status before and after the 4th wave of Omicron emerging variant is unknown as it was preceded by a mass gathering event of Arbaeen pilgrimage. In this study, TaqPath RT-PCR assay was exploited along with epidemiological approaches to monitor and track dominant mutation and to identify hot spot region in Iraq through analyzing 3,748 SARS-CoV-2 positive specimens collected from different Iraqi governorates from September 5th, 2021, to March 28th, 2022. Curren

Quantitative analysis of morphometric drainage systems is crucial for understanding hydrological and environmental interactions of watersheds. This study uses geospatial techniques to analyze the morphometric characteristics of watersheds, relying on ALOS World 3D DEM and topographic maps of Iraq. Key features identified include main basins, sub-basins, slopes, drainage networks, topographical patterns, flow sequences, and flow lengths. ArcGIS Pro V.3.0.2 was used to determine these characteristics. The analysis includes hydrological processes like runoff frequency, bifurcation ratio, circularity ratio, and surface runoff length. The study aims to understand how these parameters affect the regional morphological landscape and the role of

This research examined the presence of the rs10759931 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the TLR4 gene among COVID-19 patients. Additionally, it evaluated how this genetic variation influenced cognitive difficulties in individuals recovering from the disease. This Case–control study (60 patients, 30 recovered, and 50 controls) investigates the G/A genotype of rs10759931 in all studied groups, using a conventional polymerase chain reaction with an allele-specific primer method. Results showed a median of ages was significant raising in age accompanied by severe cases (p =0.003) and more than 50% of the moderate infections in the youth category. Regarding the recovered individual’s occurrence six cases along with ages med

Leech saliva contains numerous compounds, primarily consisting of proteins and peptides. This research focused on two leech species, Hirudo verbana and Hirudo orientalis, which were obtained from various alternative medicine clinics and scientific centers located in Baghdad, Iraq. Saliva samples were collected from the leehches after 5 and 6 weeks of food deprivation. Bradford proteins assay, UV absorption technique, Gel electrophoresis and RP-HPLC were used to analyze their saliva chemically. Anticoagulant activity of their saliva was also assessed using prothrombin time assay. Results showed that the concentration of saliva proteins were higher in the 5 weeks of starvation than the concentration of proteins in the 6 w

Throughout this paper we depend on the concept of μ- small submodule to generalized the Jacobson radical called μ-Radical that lead us to present a generalization of (GP*) property.

White skin has long been considered the standard of beauty; however, women who use skin-whitening creams may be unaware that these products contain toxic metals, posing significant health risks to consumers. Therefore, this research aimed to detect the concentration of some toxic metals in thirty whitening creams by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy and to evaluate the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks for all tested samples. The results showed that the average concentrations for all samples were in the order Cd < Co < Cr < Ni < Hg < Pb. All samples exhibited elevated concentrations of Hg, reaching levels up to ten times higher than the permissible limits set by the World Health Organization (WHO) and three times

The present study covers a sedimentological study of the gravel deposited in      Al-Rahaliyah quarries for building materials in Al-Rahaliyah city within  Al-Anbar Governorate. Ten samples of sediments were collected from ten sites, Dry sieving was done to separate the gravel fraction. A sedimentological analysis was performed  on the gravel samples, covering the grain size fractions and morphology of gravel samples. The morphology included determining the form, roundness, and spherisity of these samples.The main size fraction of the studied gravel was pebbles (4-64mm), while the main form types were bladed and plated formTexturally the studied gravel sample of Al-Rahalyiah quarries is classified as Muddy Sandy Gravel and Sandy G

In this work, we obtain some differential subordination and superordination results defined by Hadamard product for multivalent analytic functions with Borel distribution and Ruscheweyh derivative in the open unit disk. We applied these results and obtain sandwich results.

Breast cancer is a complex and multifaceted disease, comprising diverse subtypes that can be characterized by distinct histopathological, molecular, and clinical features. The dysregulation of β-catenin, a key transcription factor in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, plays a critical role in the early stages of tumorigenesis, ultimately influencing clinical outcomes. This study aimed to determine the correlation between sera and urine β-catenin levels in Iraqi patients with breast cancer comparing with control and first relative groups and to assess whether urine can be utilized as a substitute to sera to measure this status. The levels of β-catenin in fasting sera and urine were measured

The increasing number of untruths on social media has become a critical concern, affecting public sentiment and confidence. The broad spread of misleading information on the Internet and other social platforms presents a substantial barrier, exerting an impact on public sentiment, influencing political discussions, and eroding the reliability of information sources. Identifying false information on the X platform, previously known as Twitter, is an intricate task because of the network's attributes, such as conciseness, swift spread, and varied user engagements. Extracting crucial information from brief texts, such as tweets, is challenging, even with precise labeling. This study focuses on recognizing misinformation on social media plat

The late Turonian to early Campanian Kometan Formation is widespread in northern and central Iraq. The study section is located in Northern Iraq, northwest Kirkuk. This formation is composed primarily of limestone, dolomitic limestone, and black shale, with nodules of chert distributed throughout the formation. The lower contact of the formation with the Gulneri with the Mushorah Formations is unconformable. The current study used 80 thin sections that showed the presence of planktonic foraminifera and 55 samples. The black shale beds in the middle formation were determined through the Gamma log. And also five nannobiozones identified, they are Eiffellithus eximius Interval Zone (CC12) Marthasterites furcatu

In recent years, drinking water in bottles or sachets has become increasingly accepted in major towns and cities in Ekiti and Ondo states, southwestern Nigeria. Selected sachet and bottled water based on a wide range of consumer samples were collected from various manufacturers and distributors in both states. Activity concentrations of natural radioactivity, including ⁴⁰K, ²²⁶Ra and ²³²Th, were measured using a gamma ray spectrometer with a high-purity germanium detector (HPGe). The activity concentration of⁴⁰K, ²²⁶Ra and ²³²Th ranged from 0.46  0.02 to 4.74  0.44 Bq L^-1, 0.14  0.01 to 1.62  0.30 Bq L^-1, and 0.16  0.11 to 1.42  0.21 Bq L^-1

The first goal in this paper is using the definition of convex fuzzy normed space to present the definition of convex fuzzy compact space. After that an example is introduced to improve the existence of such space. The second aim is to introduce important concepts and prove properties of convex fuzzy compact space. Moreover, we proved if  is convex fuzzy compact then  is totally convex fuzzy bounded, as well as we prove if  is convex fuzzy compact then   is convex fuzzy complete.

Age-stage prediction models based on facial images are essential for various applications, including forensic investigations, medical imaging, social media advertising, and compliance with age-related regulations. These models provide valuable insights and predictions, helping inform decision-making and improve outcomes. The proposed model estimates the human age stage by analyzing a face image, extracting various facial features and wrinkles, and then connecting these extracted feature patterns to determine the age stage. To address potential limitations in facial images, such as variations in lighting, pose, expression, and image quality, which can impact prediction performance, the proposed model utilizes a neural network architecture

In today's data-driven business environment, organizations' dependence on cutting-edge technologies is constantly increasing in order to gain meaningful information from big data. Raw data's size and complexity make it unusable for decision-making. To address this, BI systems transform raw data into clear, insightful information by leveraging the Hadoop framework to process big data. This study is concentrated on the creation of a business intelligence (BI) system depending upon deep learning (DL) approaches, especially one-dimensional convolutional neural networks (1-D CNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM). The proposed approach takes advantage of the DL algorithms for examining and picking up intricate patterns in sequential data, whi

Honey and hibiscus flower nanoparticles have numerous unique characteristics, such as biocompatibility; they are excellent agents for biological applications. The aim of this study is to investigate honey and hibiscus flower nanoparticles for 2, 2- diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity and their ability to offer protection against ionizing radiation (gamma ray). In this research, natural nanoparticles prepared from honey and plants (hibiscus flower) were used for the purpose of studying their effectiveness as antioxidants in water by scavenging free radicals resulting from radiation. In vitro antioxidant activity study of honey and hibiscus flower nanoparticles has shown good free radical scavenging a

A novel Schiff base ligand (DBC) synthesized from 4-chlorobenzoic acid, along with its Cu (II) and Co (II) complexes, was prepared and characterized using FT-IR, 1H and 13C-NMR, UV-Vis spectroscopy, as well as magnetic and conductivity measurements. Based on this, a tetrahedral structure of [M(DBC)Cl2] was proposed for the complexes. Antioxidant activity of the compounds was assessed and compared to ascorbic acid, revealing that the copper complex exhibited superior antioxidant properties compared to the cobalt complex and the ligand. Furthermore, the antibiofilm potential of the copper and cobalt complexes was assessed against five clinically relevant bacterial species (P.aeruginosa, E.coli, K.pneumoniae, S.aureus and S.typhi) using var

The current study uses mesoporous silica magnetic Fe₃O₄@mSiO₂ nanoparticles as core-shell materials to deliver the drug diphenhydramine (DPH). To investigate the DPH drug's adsorption behavior in aqueous solutions, the batch approach has been employed. The adsorption evaluations that were obtained were fitted with the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherms models. According to the results, the Freundlich model was the best fit for the data, and the type of adsorption process used was physical. After kinetic analysis, it was discovered that the data agreed quite well with the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation. The Fe₃O₄@mSiO₂ carrier's DPH drug

Today, the recognition of brain tumors is considered an essential topic in medicine. Brain neoplasm is an acute form of cancer caused by abnormal and uncontrollable cell division. Recent advancements in medical imaging-based deep learning have greatly assisted the healthcare industry in diagnosing a variety of diseases. To achieve image recognition and visual learning, a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) has been selected for implementing brain neoplasm recognition. CNN is a widely used and typical machine learning algorithm. This paper introduces a CNN-based approach along with data augmentation for categorizing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain scan images into natural and unnatural categories. The proposed model achieves cl

A Schiff base ligand was synthesized through the reflux reaction between 2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzaldehyde and o-aminobenzenethiol in a 1:1 molar ratio, resulting in the formation of a novel compound. New copper (II) and silver (I) complexes from this ligand were synthesized also by the reflux reaction between the synthesized ligand and Cu(II) and Ag(I) salts in 1:1 molar ratio (metal: ligand). The coloured synthesised complexes were characterized by ¹HNMR, ¹³CNMR, mass spectra, FTIR, UV-Visible and molar conductivity techniques. In this work the synthesized ligand acts as a tridentate ligand coordinate with the metal ions through its imine, hydroxyl and the thione groups. The structure of both complexes is estimated fr

This study analyzes thunderstorm activity based on archived data from daily meteorological observations over 10 years at three meteorological stations in Iraq (Khanaqin, Baghdad Airport, and Basra Airport) and at two meteorological stations in Russia (Rostov-on-Don and Taganrog). The analysis showed that the greatest frequency of thunderstorms occurred in March and April, 55% of them were in the northern mountainous part of Iraq. Analysis of the fronts for six months per year and for a 10-year period showed 75 baroclinic and 77 barotropic cases for Khanaqin station, 45 baroclinic and 36 barotropic cases for Baghdad Airport station, and 33 baroclinic and 22 barotropic cases for Basra Airport station. But in Russia (Rostov-on-Don and Tagan

In the present study, new metal complexes were synthesized using the reactive chemicals 2-amino anthraquinone and 3-acetyl furan to produce novel Schiff base ligands in molar ratios of 1:1 and 1:2 (metal to ligand) with the resultant complexes having the formulas [MLCl] and [ML₂Cl₂]. Several physicochemical techniques (Elemental analysis, molar conductivity, IR, UV-Vis spectroscopy and magnetic measurements) were used to characterize the complexes. Measurements of conductivity showed that none of the compounds were electrolytes. According to magnetic moment and electronic spectra, certain complexes have a tetrahedral geometry, while others have an octahedral geometry. In both circumstances, the ligand functions as a

Eye iris classification and recognition are important in pattern recognition applications. Traditional image segmentation techniques and classification using machine learning techniques still have not achieved the best results. Different image-capturing methods, low-resolution photos, images with a high noise ratio, and other factors contribute to the extraction of low-quality features. This study proposed the Alex net model with absolute rectified linear unit (absRelu) and rectified linear unit (Relu) activation functions. First, the images are read and resized, then passed to convolutional neural networks (CNN) and absRelu or Relu layers to extract the best features. The next step is size reduction using Maxpooling techniques. The outp