In real world, almost all networks evolve over time. For example, in networks of friendships and acquaintances, people continually create and delete friendship relationship connections over time, thereby add and draw friends, and some people become part of new social networks or leave their networks, changing the nodes in the network. Recently, tracking communities encountering topological shifting drawn significant attentions and many successive algorithms have been proposed to model the problem. In general, evolutionary clustering can be defined as clustering data over time wherein two concepts: snapshot quality and temporal smoothness should be considered. Snapshot quality means that the clusters should be as precise as possible durin

Elastic magnetic electron scattering form factors have been calculated for the ground state J T-3/2 % of. Li in the framework of the many-particle shell model. The calculations are based on the model space wave functions of Cohen-Kurath interaction. The results are compared with the available experimental data. The data are reasonably explained up to q-3.0fim when the size parameter of the harmonic oscillator potential is reduced from that used to fit the root mean square charge radius. 

CdTe nanorods were prepared by using aqueous chemical synthesis. The influences of reaction time (1-3 hours) on the optical and structural properties were studied. The UV-visible absorption spectrum reflects a wide absorption range in the visible spectrum. The energy gap calculations show decrease in the energy gap with increasing reaction time. The SEM images show that the CdTe appears as flower of nanorods-like.

     Insects have a vital role in solid waste composting process. Insects are detritus feeders that enhance changing the physical and chemical properties of decomposed materials during composting processes. This behavior makes insects excellent organisms in recycling of organic matter. The present study assesses the success of insects’ population in relation with the degradation of solid waste.  The study was carried out in the glass house facility of the College of Science, Salahaddin University in Erbil City, Kurdistan region of Iraq, using household organic waste. During composting process, three stages of lifecycle of insects were observed and recorded. The total number of insects reached to 1268 indiv

     Lenticular galaxy NGC3 has been chosen to study the surface photometry using griz filter. The data where obtained from the seventh Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Data Release seven (DR7), and main the image reduction was done by the pipeline of SDSS. The work was achieved by the ELLIPS task from the STSDAS ISOPHOTE package in the Image Reduction and Analysis Facility (IRAF).The overall structure of the galaxy (a bulge, a bar, isophotal contour maps, together with a bulge to disk decomposition of the galaxy images where achieved, Also, the photometric properties (the disk position angle, ellipticity, B4 and inclination of the galaxy) where estimated.

In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are synthesized using different chemical routes to obtain different sizes and shapes of nanoparticles by colloid chemistry with using stabilizing and reducing agent, which make them interesting for variety of physical applications. The morphology and structure of the synthesized AgNPs were characterized by UV-VIS spectra, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Zeta potential to demonstrate that different sizes and shapes can by synthesized by different reductants in the presence of various stabilizing agents.

In this study the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometry (FTIR) provides a quick, efficient and relatively inexpensive method for identifying and quantifying gypsum concentrations in the samples taken from different sites from different localities from Alexandria district southwest Baghdad. A comprehensive spectroscopic study of gypsum-calcite system was reported to give good results for the first time by using IR for analytical grades of gypsum (CaSO4.2H2O) and calcite (CaCO3) pure crystals. The spectral results were used to create a calibration curve relates the two minerals concentrations to the intensity (peaks) of FTIR absorbance and applies this calibration to specify gypsum and calcite concentrations in Iraqi gypsife

This research, involved a series of some new compounds containing different hetero cyclic new pentagonal and hexagonal rings, through the reaction of 2-mercapto-3-phenyl-4(3H)quinazolinone (1) with chloroacetylchloride in the presence of potassium hydroxide, and dry dimethylformamide (DMF) as a solvent to obtain the intermediate compound (2). This compound is reacted with different reagents to give four routes, the first route include direct reaction with substituted-2-aminobenzothiazole under certain conditions to give new compounds (3-9). The second route involved condensation compound (2) with 5-substituted-2-amino-1,3,4-oxadiazole in the presence of potassium carbonate anhydrous to give new compounds (10-13).while the third route inv

In this contribution new oxazepine compounds containing azo group were preppared. In the firststep,4-(dimethylamino)-3-((4-methoxy phenyl) diazenyl) benzaldehyde [Z] was synthesised by using 4-methoxyaniline. The second step was the condensation reaction between aldehyde group of the azo compound [Z] and
different primary aromatic amines [4-hydroxyaniline, 4-chloroaniline and 4-amino- N-(pyrimidin-2-yl) benzenesulfonamide] to yield new azo Schiff bases compounds [A1-A3] respectively. In the final step, oxazepine compounds [B1-B3] and [B4-B6] were prepared from reaction imines compounds [A1-A3] with maleic anhydride and phathalic anhydride in dry benzene respectively. All these derivatives were c

A new method is characterized by simplicity, accuracy and speed for determination of Oxonuim ion in ionisable inorganic acid such as hydrochloric (0.1 - 10) ,Sulphuric ( 0.1 - 6 ),nitric ( 0.1 - 10 ), perchloric ( 0.1 - 7 ), acetic (0.1 - 100 ) and phosphoric ( 0.1 - 30 ) ( mMol.L-1 )acids. By continuous flow injection analysis. The proposed method was based on generation of bromine from the Bro-3-Br-- H3O+. Bromine reacts with fluorescein to quenches the fluorescence . A sample volume no.1 (31μl) and no.2 (35μl) were used with flow rate of 0.95 mL.min-1 using H2O line no.1as carrier stream and 1.3 mL.min-1 using fluorescein sodium salt line no.2. Linear regression of the concentration ( mMol.L-1 ) Vs quenched fluorescence gives a corr

A gleevec drug a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that targets the so-called Philadelphia chromosome that characteristic of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) which has been widely used in treatment of several hematological malignancies, and there is concern about the long-term immune effects of its use. Autoimmune disorders in patients treated with gleevec drug may be related to the direct immune modulating properties or may be linked to a possible toxic effect in target organs, triggering autoimmunity diseases. The study described the development of symptomatic autoimmune thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPO) in 51 patients with CML compared with 10 subjects as healthy control. The samples collected from Iraqi National Center for Research and Treat

Thirty one isolates of P. aeruginosa were collected from 100 clinical samples include (pus, burn and wound swabs). All the isolates were identified as P. aeruginosa by conventional methods, PCR and DNA sequencing. Antibiotic sensitivity tests were undertaken for 8 groups of antibiotics (Cephalosporins, Rifamycin, fluoroquinolones, Penicillins, Carbapenems, Aminoglycosides, Chloramphenicol and Beta-lactamase inhibitor+ Penicillin). The highest resistance rate was recorded to Rifampin, and Pipracillin with 31(100%), followed by Chloramphenicol ,Cefotaxime and Cefixime with 28 (90.3%), and the lowest resistance rate to Imipenem with 8 (25.8%). Cefpodoxime resistance value was less than values reported in other study. Six strains did not car

Biofilm formation represents one of the biggest problems facing scientists because of this phenomenon linkage with virulence of bacteria and other clinical environmental problems. In the present study, two clinical isolates,
Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus were exposed to the non thermal plasma for different intervals of time (1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 min). The biofilm was measured post exposing. It was found that 2 min. exposing to non-thermal plasma reduced the biofilm formation by both clinical isolates significantly. It can be concluded that the ability of S. aureus to form biofilm higher than E. coli and exposing for 2 min to non-thermal plasma sufficient to reduce the biofilm formati

This study aimed to stand on genetic effects important of cabergoline drug. This toxic effect was evaluated for three different doses (0.05, 0.1, 0.5 mg/ml) in comparison with control (PBS/ phosphate buffer saline) both in vivo and in vitro. In vivo study involved the cytogenetic evaluation of cabergoline in mice by examination of mitotic index percentage (MI), micronucleus formation (MN) and chromosomal aberrations. Result indicated that all the tested doses cause significant reduction in MI percentage, while significant rise was seen with both MN formation and all studied chromosomal aberrations. While in vitro study involved measuring the effect of cabergoline on normal cell line (REF/ Rat embryonic

Thirty patients with gallstone [aged 25-55 years]and thirty age-and sex-matched
healthy subjects as control group were involved. Those patients were intended to
undergo surgical removal of gallbladder in the surgical ward- Al Sadder Teaching
Hospital and AL-Hakeem Hospital in Najaf city during the period from July/2009 to
December /2009. The proportion of female was [86%] compared to the male t
[14%]. The ratio of female: male was 5:1. Blood samples were obtained from all
patients prior to surgery. Serum was obtained by usual methods and analyzed for
lipid profile test [total cholesterol [TC], triglyceride [TG], high density lipoprotein-
cholesterol [HDL-C], low density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL

Extraction of curcumin pigment as dyestuff and Antibacterial agent from
Tumeric (Curcuma xanthorrhizia) tubers was studied .also, the Qualitative chemical
tests was done for determine active materials in crud turmeric extract.
The curcumin pigment was isolated and partially scrubbed by using organic
solvents. Detection by HPLC and TLC proved the isolated pigment is Curcumin
with partial purity compared to the standard curcumin.
The curcumin showed ahigh efficiency of dyeing for scoured cotton fabric at
concentration 25% of curcumin and active biological effect against Gram – positive
pathogenic bacteria with large inhibition zones from 12mm to 33mm by using Agar
wells diffusion method.
The results proved a

Dielectric constant (ε ′ ) over the frequency range 1KHz-1MHz and thermal
conductivity (k) have been measured for high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and
polystyrene (PS) (with thicknesses 1.6 and 1.1 mm respectively and all with
diameter 3.2 cm), in the temperature range 30-110°С, It has been found that the
dielectric constant is almost frequency independent and slightly temperature
dependent, this reveals the fact that these polymers are non-polar. However, there
was a significant effect of temperature on the thermal conductivity of the samples,
especially at Tg of PS and Tm of HDPE.

The reduction to pole of the aeromagnetic map of the western desert of Iraq has been used to outline the main basement structural features. Three selected magnetic anomalies are used to determine the depths of their magnetic sources. The estimated depths are obtained by using slope half slope method and have been corrected through the application of a published nomogram. These depths are compared with previous published depth values which provide a new look at the basement of the western desert in addition to the thickness map of the Paleozoic formations. The results shed light on the important of the great depths of the basement structures and in turn the sedimentary cover to be considered for future hydrocarbon exploration

The autocorrelation function calculations have been carried out on photon-limited computer-simulated images of binary stars that recorded through kolmogorov atmospheric turbulence. The effect of the parameters of photon limited binary star on the variation of signal to noise, signal to background ratios, number of images that processed and the magnitude of binary stars are studied and mathematic equations are given to investigate this effect. The result indicates that signal to background ratio of photon limited images of a binary star is independent of the total number of recorded photons.

The present study was aimed to screen the ability of local isolates of Bacillus spp. (56 isolates) for nattokinase production using solid state fermentation, then optimize the nutritional conditions for enzyme production. The isolates were subjected to the primary and secondary screening process to select the Bacillus isolate which give the highest production of enzyme. It was found that Bacillus sp. B24 had the highest productivity of the enzyme (25.58U/mg protein). The optimum conditions for nattokinase production were performed by the solid state fermentation and found that the wheat bran was the best medium at initial moisture ratio 1.0:1.0 (w/v) using distilled water as moisturizing solution with initial pH of 7.0 after inoculation

In this study, concentrations of Radon were measured for fifty two samples of Fly Ash taken from five thermal power plants in the middle and south of Iraq [Al-Rashed, Al-Dura, Al-Musaeb, Al-Naserya, Al-Basrah (AlHaretha)].
The radon concentrations in samples measured by registrat alpha-emitting radon (222Rn) by using (CR-39) track detector, The concentrations values were calculated by a comparison with standard samples The results shows that the radon concentrations is between (91.931-30.645 Bq/m3)

In this paper, the combined source coding with Multi Carrier Code Division Multiple Access (MC-CDMA) system is proposed, where the transmission of the compressed image produced from source coding through Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel for a single user and multi users. In which the (MC-CDMA) system removes Inter Symbol Interference (ISI) and Inter Carrier Interference (ICI). The hybrid compression system of Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) and predictive coding (PC) technique are integrated as a source coding. The simulation results indicates that the transmission system of a single user was much better than the transmission system of multi users. When the number of users increased, the Bit Error Rate (BER) increased. For a

Four new phenol-formaldehyde resins containing tetrachlorophthalimides in their repeating units were synthesized via condensation of formaldehyde with N-(hydroxy phenyl)tetrachlorophthalimides under conditions similar to those used in novolac preparation. In this work structural modifications were performed first via design and synthesis of new phenolic component represented by phenolic ring linked to thermally stable tetrachlorophthalimide moiety which condense with formaldehyde and second via introducing of phenolic hydroxyl groups present in the new synthesized resins by esterification reaction with acetyl chloride producing the corresponding acetoxy substituted resins. Both the prepared and the cured resins have new properties which

In this study we prepare Cu2O films by using plasma sputtering method on
substrate from glass type Pyrex; we used system of dipole sputtering with magnetic
field. We studied the optical and structural properties to Cu2O and we studied
thermal annealing with 150◦C on optical and structural properties for prepared thin
films with thickness 2000Ǻ for one hour. It showed that the thermal annealing leads
to increase of optical energy gap. We used x-rays diffraction for diagnostic structure
and nature thin film material. the results appear that the thin film is poly crystalline
structure, the thermal annealing leads to drop of diffraction peaks and increase it
edges that's means it become more uniform

In this research the uranium concentrations in (13) different types of natural herb
samples had been measured, and to limit the level of contamination with radio
nuclides. The determination of uranium concentration in these samples has been
done by using CR-39 track detector, the nuclear reaction used a source of nuclear
fission fragments is 235U (n,f) obtained by the bombardment of 235U with thermal
neutrons from (Am-Be) neutron source which has a flux of (5000 n cm-2 s-1). The
results obtained show that the concentration of Uranium were calculated by
comparison with standard samples, and varies from 0.235 ppm in (calum) type to
0.552 ppm in (Lazmender) type, all the results obtained are within th

A design and implementation of images' cryptography system is evaluated in this
paper. This system depends on the idea of allocating a part of a digital image
(possibly the first block of the image) so as to produce the cipher keys for the other
parts. Circles generating algorithm is used to produce keys from the chosen block,
then corresponding circles in other blocks will be encrypted using the located keys.
So in this method encryption keys are brought from the plain-image (source image)
it self using graphics shapes pixels.

In this paper a simulation for a mathematical two dimensional model was conducted
to assess the presence of defocusing due to telescope aperture quality. The point
spread function (psf), Modulation transfer function (MTF), and Fourier frequencies
of binary star are computed in the absence and presence of defocusing. The results
show that the total frequency components of MTF decreases very sharply as
defocusing values goes to 6 and after this value the total frequency changes very
slightly afterward. The relative heights of the second to third peaks decrease rapidly
as defocusing values goes to 3 and slightly changes after that.

The effect of pressure, applied to PMMA sample, on Mach -Zender interference
pattern has been studied.
The effects of length, depth and height of the PMMA samples on the resulting
number of fringes are investigated. The results of the experiments show almost a
linear behavior between the numbers of displaced fringes and the displacement of
the PMMA molecules with the applied pressure in all cases.
Finally, comparing the experimental with the theoretical results, it is found that,
there is a good agreement, in most cases, between them provided introducing a
correction factor which is found to be equal approximately 3.This effect can be used
as a pressure sensor.

The present study has been conducted to evaluate the inhibitory effects of the
aerial plant part (leaves and bark) extracts of D. viscosa before and during flowering
against some pathogenic bacteria for human, plants, and against yeast (Candida
albicans) by using different polarity organic solvents: Ethanol and Diethyl ether.
The agar well diffusion method was used to evaluate the inhibitory actions of these
extracts with eight concentrations: 0, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 or 50 mg/ml. The
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration
(MBC) values were also determined, in addition to compare the results of the plant
extracts with the results of the susceptibility of path

هدفت هذه الد ا رسة لاختبار تاثير بعض ظروف النمو على الفاعلية التثبيطية لبكتيريا Lactobacillus delbrueckii و L.fermentum على نمو بكتيريا E.coli وقد دلت نتائج د ا رسة اختبار الفاعلية التثبيطية
للعزلتان البكتيريتان Lactobacillus delbrueckii L.fermentum , ضد العزلة البكترية E.coli المستخدمة في هذه الد ا رسة عند الت ا ركيز المختلفة 100,90,70,50) ( % بان عالق العزلتان البكتيريتان
Lactobacillus delbrueckii و L.fermentum عند التركيز % 100 اعطى اعلى فاعلية تثبيطية ضد
بكتريا E.coli