Brain and central nervous system cancer was the fourth most common cause of death in Iraq. Brain tumors can hijack immune checkpoint gene polymorphisms to evade immune surveillance and promote tumor progression. T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (TIM3) are type I membrane proteins that are associated with tumor and immune cells regulation. The cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) is an inhibitory cell surface receptor that can modulate T-cell proliferation. This study aimed to investigate the impact of TIM-3 and CTLA-4 genes polymorphism on brain tumor susceptibility in the Iraqi population. One hundred fifty tissue samples were taken from brains enrolled in current research, including 100 brain tum

Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) is an essential lipid involved in metabolic processes. It is integral to the cell membrane of all animal and plant cells and acts as a second messenger in various signaling pathways. Still, its hydrolysis can lead to increased calcium levels and kidney stones. The study aims to investigate the role of PIP2 enzyme levels in patients with renal failure and kidney stones. The enzyme-produced amount was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Peripheral whole-blood samples were collected in gel tubes from eighty patients (40 with kidney stones and 40 with renal failure), and 40 were healthy individuals. The results of urea, creatinine, and uric acid levels were significantly differe

The Tigris River is considered the largest river that crosses Baghdad City, the capital of Iraq. It is regarded as one of the main water suppliers to the city.

River sediments can be used to detect the pollution in rivers; thirty sediment samples were collected one to two meters away from the riverside to assess the level pollution in sediments. The area is situated not so far from an industrial area, the Dura oil refinery, factories, and other facilities.

A series of magnetic measurements has been performed, including magnetic susceptibility (χ), anhysteretic remanent magnetisation (ARM), saturation isothermal remanent magnetisation (SIRM) and thermomagnetic analyses (κ-T).

Very high values of χ, χ_ARM

The Tharthar Euphrates Canal adds considerable dissolved material to the Euphrates River near Fallujah. Hence, this study aims to examine the variations of solute concentration within the Tharthar-Euphrates canal and estimate the quantitative production of dissolved matter transported to the Euphrates River near Fallujah city. Ten water samples were taken in 2024 along the canal and the Euphrates River to examine the dissolved material in the Tharthar-Euphrates canal, evaluate the water's physicochemical characteristics, and determine the dissolved load carried through the channel. Historical salinity (TDS) and the chemical constituent ions, Cl‾, SO4^2-, HCO3^‾, Na⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, an

     With the rapid growth of video content, effective video summarization methods are essential. This paper introduces a new framework using deep learning for object detection. YOLOv8 first identifies objects in each frame from every 15-frame sequence. These objects are cropped and resized for feature extraction with Residual Neural Network (ResNet 50). A clustering process using Hierarchical Density-Based Spatial Clustering (HDBSCAN) classifies each object. Finally, keyframes are randomly selected from each object cluster to create a concise summary. This paper primarily contributes to the identification of video objects, such as people and vehicles, to retain the most informative content. Additionally, it generates a video summary

This study aims to estimate the runoff and recharge values in the Al-Karma area, located East of Anbar Governorate, western Iraq. Climate data were collected from 1981 to 2023 at Baghdad Airport and Ramadi stations. The data include six parameters. The monthly average of Temperature, Relative humidity, Wind speed, Sunshine, and Evaporation in both stations (Baghdad and Ramadi) were 23.50C-22.40C, 43.07 %-50.68 %, 3.18 m/s -2.29 m/s, 8.6 h/day -8.7 h/day, and 262.3 mm-223.5 mm with total of rainfall 124.7mm and110.6mm in both stations (Baghdad and Ramadi), respectively. There is a clear variation in climatic data between the two stations. The results show that the highest parameters of (Temperature, Rainfall, Wind speed, and Evaporation)

Suicide attempts are a severe global public health concern; suicide patterns might vary based on individual features, techniques, causes, geographical area, and socio-cultural milieu. Suicide rates in Iraq and throughout the world differ significantly by geography. ArcGIS Pro software was used for spatial analysis of the number of suicide cases. Data was collected from the Iraqi Supreme Judicial Council. This study intended to explore spatial patterning and governorate variations in suicide mortality by gender across 15 governorates of Iraq, except for the Kurdistan provinces, between  2017 and 2021, increasing the number of cases by an estimated percentage of 187%. The Suicide Index to 1.409 suicides per hundred thousand people, and th

     Globular clusters (GC) are important objects for tracing a galaxy's early evolution. The origin of the scaling parameters of the globular clusters as a function of galaxy mass, i.e., specific frequency, (S_N), specific mass (S_M), and specific number (T) of globular clusters is investigated to understand the origin of the relations between these parameters and the V-band magnitude (M_V) of their host galaxies. A wide sample of data from literature, covering different galaxy masses, types, and environments, including a study of the number of globular clusters (N_GC) has been used as the basis for our analysis. The sample covers the entire range o

     Celiac disease (CeD) and non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) are disease conditions associated with exposure to a protein called gluten. That displays overlapping symptoms but distinct immune mechanisms. The study aimed to evaluate serum levels of Interleukin-8 (IL-8) and Tumour Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF- α)  in Iraqi patients with CeD and NCGS compared to healthy controls. This case-control study enrolled 80 patients diagnosed with coeliac disease, 20 gluten-sensitive patients, and 80 healthy individuals aged between 18-50 years; this study was conducted in Al-Najaf, Iraq, between August and December 2024. CeD patients exhibited significantly elevated IL-8 and TNF-α levels compared to NCGS and controls, wi

     This study outlines the synthesis of the ligand [(4-((2,6-dioxo-3-propyl-2,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-purin-8-yl) BAE] through a diazo coupling reaction between enprofylline and 4-amino-2-chlorobenzaldehyde. This ligand was then complexed with Co(II), Cu(II), Pd(II), Ag(I) and Pt(IV). The molecular structures of the resulting complexes were characterized using spectral including thermal and physicochemical techniques. The complexes exhibit a (1:2)(M:L) stoichiometry .The FTIR study corroborated that BAE ligand acts as neutral N,N-bidentate and chelated with selected metal ions  via(N-9) atom of imine group in imidazole and nitrogen atom of  azo group and they yield tetrahedral geometry for Ag-BAE, square planar fo

     Obesity is a medical condition that occurs when the body mass index (BMI) is ≥ 30 kg/m². Many factors cause obesity, such as unhealthy lifestyle, socioeconomic status, and genetic factors. Chronic low-grade inflammation is one of the hallmarks of obesity, and genetic factors also cause it. Obesity affects many different organ systems. This study aimed to investigate the impact of obesity on metabolic hormones and interleukins in obese individuals with and without metabolic syndrome (MetS). The study includes 140 Iraqi participants’ (60 males and 80 females), who were divided into 65 obese individuals with MetS, 50 obese individuals without MetS, and 25 healthy controls during their attendance at the Endocrinology

     Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age, characterized by anovulatory, infertility and metabolic disturbances. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of Leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein-1 (LRG1) and xanthine oxidase (XO) activity as novel biomarkers for PCOS, as well as to explore the relationship between LRG1 and XO activity across different groups. A total of 150 married women, aged 18-46 years were enrolled and divided into three groups: 50 with PCOS under treatment, 50 PCOS without treatment conditions shared by women with polycystic ovary conditions, and 50 healthy women. Serum samples were analysed to measure LRG1, xanthine oxidase (XO) activity, and

Accurate and contextually appropriate answer generation is increasingly important for applications in virtual assistants, educational tools, search engines, and so on, for answering any question about information found across electronic libraries. This research, “Answers Generation based on English Textual Analyzer (AGETA),” hopes to generate the correct answer as a complete comprehension sentence. It receives a passage with a related list of questions in English as unstructured typed texts. It performs the English textual analysis process using a series of natural language processing (NLP) techniques, followed by a hybrid method that combines extractive techniques with linguistic analysis to build an effective answer generator, as a

The relation of bacteriocin production with the habitat of Lactobacillus spp. and the presence of target genes was investigated by isolating Lactobacillus spp. from stool samples of 163 diarrheal and 90 healthy children. Ninety-seven of 111 Lactobacillus spp. isolates exhibited antibacterial activity (against Salmonella typhi, Shigella spp., and Aeromonas hydrophilia pathogens) in primary screening, whereas only 18 of them demonstrated bacteriocin production effectiveness in secondary screening (showed an inhibition zone against the three indicators), with a higher frequency in healthy (21.6%) than patient isolates (16.3%). Molecular identification using the 16S rRNA gene rev

   Diagnosing cardiovascular disease is an essential medical process to guarantee accurate classification, which aids cardiologists in treating patients appropriately. By employing machine learning for the cardiovascular illness classification, it is possible to decrease the occurrence of misdiagnosis and save patients' lives. This study has developed an effective Amazon Web Services (AWS) machine learning architecture model to predict cardiovascular diseases. It integrates a number of AWS services, including SageMaker, Lambda, API Gateway, and S3, which provide significant automation and real-time prediction. The cardiovascular dataset from Kaggle is classified using the ensemble algorithms, including CatBoost, XGBoost, and LightGBM.

     Dislocated metrics play an important role in logical programming. Moreover, they are pivotal in fields such as topology and electronic engineering. These spaces are significant because they have the property of modifying self-distance property. This feature made many authors undertake extensive investigations of this metric, where they examined the fixed points of maps that exist in this space that meet specific requirements and studied the characteristics that set it apart. Additionally, they looked into whether -contractions have the best proximity in the framework of dislocated metric spaces, and specific requirements be established to ensure that a best proximity point for these contractions is unique. Researchers worked on

     The softness of the image Hilbert domain has a momentous role in the analytical characterizations of operators. Therefore, the elaborate study of these classes of soft operators (S-operators) and the comprehensive investigation of the algebraic and analytical traits of their softness Hilbert domains is of great importance. In Soft set Theory (SST), research in this specialty is of great importance. The prime effort of this article is application of novel kinds of general normal S-operator in SST, named as soft quasi normal operator. The crucial characteristic of the proposed operator is explained, including its major merits. Furthermore, the necessary stipulations are also discussed to verify the various merits of the proposed o

In this paper, a generalization of (Beta-Psi)-Jaggi type contractive mapping is presented by adding some factors while retaining the control functions. The existence and uniqueness of a fixed point for this type of mappings are studied and discussed.  It is very useful in extending the current findings of the corresponding literature.

Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), a member of the TLR family, plays a key role in innate immunity. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic condition characterized by impaired insulin sensitivity and abnormal immune responses. This study aimed to examine the association of the TLR4 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1927911 with T2DM susceptibility and to evaluate the SNP's effect on TLR4 levels. The study included 60 T2DM patients and 40 healthy controls. Blood samples were collected for serum analysis and DNA extraction. TLR4 levels were significantly elevated in T2DM patients carrying the AG genotype compared to controls (0.48 ± 0.10 vs. 0.30 ± 0.02 ng/ml, p = 0.03). Conversely, the controls with AA and GG genotypes had significa

     Drought is a natural hazard that occurs as a result of decreased rainfall and water storage. It has a significant impact on the agriculture sector. In this paper,  monitoring the drought in the Al-Hamdaiya district located east of Mosul city in the Nineveh Governorate, Northern Iraq, was performed for years 2017, 2018, 2019, 2022, and 2024 by integrating remotely sensed data and geographic information systems (GIS). Spatial and temporal distribution changes of the drought phenomenon for the study area were verified by Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) using Landsat 8 (Operational Land Imager: OLI) images during April month. The results indicated that the study area experienced re

     The rising use of antibiotics, particularly in developing nations, has made bacteria more skilled at creating resistance mechanisms, which has led to high infection and mortality rates.  The World Health Organization states that one of the biggest risks to human health is antibiotic resistance, which ranks third in terms of causes of mortality after cardiovascular disease.  The investigation and application of plant chemicals as natural antibiotics have continued in recent decades. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles was carried out using volatile oils extracted from Citrus aurantium peels as a reducing agent. The particles were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, AFM, and colorimetric analysis. Results revealed th

The placenta is the main controller of nutrient resources to the growing embryo during gestation. As such, adequate placental function is instrumental for developmental progression throughout intrauterine development. This study aimed to assess the role of placental growth factors: Placental growth hormone (PGH), placental lactogen (PL), Insulin-like growth factor1  (IGF1), and IGF2) in fetal development during mid and late gestation in albino mice. A total of 80 pregnant mice were divided into two groups based on gestational stages. The first group, second week, represents the mid-gestation period in embryonic day (ED), ED (8–14) day, and the second group, third week, represents late-gestation at (15–21) day. Some fetal metrics wer

Alcohol addiction is a public health concern that affects communities all over the world, especially those with distinct genetic traits, such as the Iraqi community. This study investigates the genetic factors that contribute to alcohol dependence, focusing on the expression levels of Alcohol Dehydrogenase 1B (ADH1B) and Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) genes in individuals from diverse regions of Iraq. A total of 250 blood samples were collected from males, ranging in age from 18 to 55, including 200 alcohol-dependent individuals and 50 samples as controls in the Iraqi population. The data showed a considerable increase in the expression level of the ADH1B (P-value < 0.0001; t= 6.447) among alcohol

Lymphomas are broad tumors originating in the lymphatic system, causing lymph node enlargement. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a group of blood cancers that includes all types of lymphomas except Hodgkin lymphomas. The Interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene is associated with various malignancies and can influence tumor growth and immune responses. This paper aims to study the role of IL-6 gene expression and polymorphisms in association with increased incidence of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The study included 100 participants (50 NHL patients and 50 con

     Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide, with a growing incidence in developing countries such as Iraq. Chronic inflammation and exposure to environmental toxins like aflatoxin-B1 may influence disease development and progression. This study investigates the role of aflatoxin-B1, caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 9 (CARD-9), and Dectin-1 in CRC among Iraqi male patients, including newly diagnosed cases and those under chemotherapy. A total of 88 participants (60 CRC patients aged 25-70 and 28 healthy controls) were enrolled. Peripheral blood samples were withdrawn from each participant from four hospitals in Baghdad between October 2023 and January 2024

This study involves examining the antenna array factor using the MATLAB environment for three types of antenna arrays. These types are carried out to operate at the neutral hydrogen line emission of the wavelength of 0.21 m (this wavelength is very important in radio astronomy observations) with three configurations of antenna arrays. These configurations are a linear array, a planar array, and a circular array. The array factor is computed to include the linear array factor (LAF), planar array factor (PAF), and circular array factor (CAF), respectively. The array configuration is considered a crucial parameter that controls an array factor pattern, and it depends on the number of antenna elements with the dist

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are vital bioactive factors that are important in almost every kind of cellular events. It plays a crucial role in regulating gene expression and is implicated in various diseases. This study aims to identify and characterize the differential expression of miRNAs in ulcerative colitis tissues compared to normal tissues and investigate their potential as biomarkers for early diagnosis. Real-time PCR was used to profile miRNA expression in 20 ulcerative colitis samples and 20 matched normal tissues. Bioinformatics tools were used to analyze expression patterns and identify significantly deregulated miRNAs. The analysis revealed miRNAs with significantly altered expression levels in ulcerative colitis tissue

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most prevalent endocrinopathy affecting reproductive-aged females, in which prolactin (PRL) hormone seems to significantly affect the disease’s course. Considering the scarcity of local studies investigating the potential association of MIR4760 expression in the context of POCS and hyperprolactinemia, the present study aims to assess the potential differential value of PRL and MIR4760 gene expression in hyperprolactinemia and POCS patients. A total of 75 females (age range 14-40 years) were involved in this study (including 25 patients diagnosed with POCS, 25 patients with hyperprolactinemia, and 25 apparently healthy controls). Peripheral blood samples were collected f

     The levels of Matrix Metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2) and Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2), as well as zinc, iron, and calcium, in patients with β-thalassemia major who undergo repeated blood transfusions, with and without Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection, remain unexplored. Many studies have focused on iron overload in β-thalassemia major; however, there is a gap in information regarding the role of MMP-2, both in the presence and absence of HCV infection. The present study focused on the role of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 in β-thalassemia major patients infected with HCV. This cross-sectional observational study included 80 patients suffering from β-thalassemia major; 50 cases had previously been diagnosed as positive f

     The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) is rising globally, accompanied by a high mortality rate. Systemic inflammation is believed to significantly contribute to CRC development, highlighting the need for accessible, reliable, and cost-effective tools to assess patients' inflammatory status. This study aimed to evaluate liver and renal functions and the changes in blood cell-based inflammatory markers related to CRC. This cross-sectional case-control study included 60 colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and 30 healthy controls.  Complete blood counts were performed using an automated analyzer. The blood cell-based inflammatory markers include the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), systemic