Characterizing the reservoir accurately and understanding its rock’s composition is essential in predicting performance and determining reservoir designs. In this study, the carbonate Khasib formation from the late Cretaceous period for x oil field- southern Iraq has been examined characterizing. To achieve this, different characterization techniques were utilized. Firstly, using the flow zone indicator method revealed five hydraulic flow units (HFUs) of the Khasib formation. Every HFU represents a particular quality of reservoir rock. HFU1 is the one that refers to poor quality, while bad-quality reservoir rock is displayed as HFU2. HFU3 and HFU4 signify the intermediate and good reservoir rock quality respectively. The last hydraulic

A liquid-solid chromatography of Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) on (diethylaminoethyl-cellulose) DEAE-cellulose adsorbent is worked experimentally, to study the effect of changing the influent concentration of (0.125, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg/ml) at constant volumetric flow rate Q=1ml/min. And the effect of changing the volumetric flow rate (1, 3, 5, and 10 ml/min) at constant influent concentration of Co=0.125mg/ml. By using a glass column of (1.5cm) I.D and (50cm) length, packed with adsorbent of DEAE-cellulose of height (7cm). The influent is introduced in to the column using peristaltic pump and the effluent concentration is investigated using UV-spectrophotometer at 30oC and 280nm wavelength. A spread (steeper) break-through curve is gained

The Jeribe reservoir in the Jambour Oil Field is a complex and heterogeneous carbonate reservoir characterized by a wide range of permeability variations. Due to limited availability of core plugs in most wells, it becomes crucial to establish correlations between cored wells and apply them to uncored wells for predicting permeability. In recent years, the Flow Zone Indicator (FZI) approach has gained significant applicability for predicting hydraulic flow units (HFUs) and identifying rock types within the reservoir units.

   This paper aims to develop a permeability model based on the principles of the Flow Zone Indicator. Analysis of core permeability versus core porosity plot and Reservoir Quality Index (RQI) - Normalized por

Isobaric Vapor-Liquid-Liquid equilibrium data for the binary systems ethyl acetate + water, toluene + water and the ternary system toluene + ethyl acetate + water were determined by a modified equilibrium still, the still consisted of a boiling and a condensation sections supplied with mixers that helped to correct the composition of the recycled condensed liquid and the boiling temperature readings in the condensation and boiling sections respectively. The VLLE data where predicted and correlated using the Peng-Robinson Equation of State in the vapor phase and one of the activity coefficient models Wilson, NRTL, UNIQUAC and the UNIFAC in the liquid phase and also were correlated using the Peng-Robinson Equation of State in both the vapo

   Typically, sandstone oil reserves comprise various clay minerals, such as illite, chlorite, and kaolinite. The existence of these clay minerals drastically affected the quality of these reservoirs. This paper attempts to detect clay minerals and environmental deposition of the upper shaly-sand unit (USSU) of the Nahr Umar formation, as it is the main reservoir. It is a portion of an anticline composed of a lower Cretaceous clastic sandstone formation. The kind of environment, clay minerals, and depositional correlation between total organic matter and uranium content were determined using a spectral log of gamma-ray (SGR). According to the SGR log, the primary constituents of USSU are mixed-layer clays, which are

In this paper, nanofluid of TiO₂/water of concentrations of 0.002% and 0.004% volume was used. This nanofluid was flowing through heat exchanger of shell and concentric double tubes with counter current flow to the hot oil. The thermal conductivity of nanofluid is enhanced with increasing concentrations of the TiO₂, this increment was by 19% and 16.5% for 0.004% and 0.002% volume respectively relative to the base fluid (water). Also the heat transfer coefficient of the nanofluid is increased as Reynold's number and nanofluid concentrations increased too. The heat transfer coefficient is increased by 66% and 49% for 0.004% and 0.002% volume respectively relative to the base fluid. This study showed that the friction

   The assessment of petroleum characteristics through well log analysis has always been essential for identifying and evaluating hydrocarbon-bearing zones. This study presents a comprehensive re-evaluation and correction of five well log data sets from Khasib formation which is the primary reservoir in the East Baghdad oil field (10 kilometers east of Baghdad City). The corrected data sets were utilized to calculate key parameters, including water saturation, porosity, lithology, and shale volume. Lithology was determined using M-N cross-plots and neutron-density analysis, which showed that the Khasib formation mainly consists of limestone, with calcite as main mineral components and minor amounts of dolomite. Shale volume was assesse

   Development of a mature oil reservoir blocks strategy in optimizing hydrocarbon production from mature oil fields. Using dynamic modeling techniques together with subsurface interpretations that were based on sharply adjacent well data, the study has presented new development well placements. Production data studies, pressure surveys, and detailed subsurface studies will be integrated to improve the understanding of the reservoir behavior to predict reservoir performance. The key findings indicate high increments in oil production on account of the implementation of new development wells. The current research provides not only empirical evidence supporting the efficacy of strategic drilling but also lends a structured workflow appli

The corrosion of low carbon steel boiler tubes in demi water had been investigated. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the change produced in corrosion behavior of the carbon steel as a result of the specific presence of chloride and copper ions in the water under different temperatures. For low carbon steel experiments, the temperature was taken in three levels (125, 175, and 215°C) under about 27 bar pressure and 1500 rpm in autoclave. Using weight loss technique, the corrosion rate ranges from (85 to 789 gmd) for low carbon steel boiler tubes.

A series of batch demulsification runs were carried out to evaluate the final emulsified water content of emulsion samples after the exposure to microwave. An experimental study was conducted to evaluate the effects of a set of operating variables on the demulsification performance. Several microwave irradiation demulsification runs were carried out at different irradiation powers (700, 800, and 900 watt), using water-in-oil emulsion samples containing different water contents (20-80%, 30-70%, and 50-50%) and salt contents (10000, 20000, and 30000 ppm). It was found that the best separation efficiency was obtained at 900watt, 50% water content and 160 s of irradiation time. Experimental results showed that microwave radiation method can

In this study  the isomerization of desulfuerized light Iraqi petroleum naphtha (Al-Dura Refinery) with boiling point range of 37 to 124 °C , 80.5 API specific gravity and 68.2 octane number has been investigated. Two types of catalysts were prepared (Pt/HX and Pt/SrX) by impregnation of 0.8 wt% Pt on l 3X-zeolite. The catalyst activity and selectivity toward isomerization, and catalyst deactivation were investigated.

The isomerization unit consisted of a vertical tubular stainless steel reactor of 2 cm internal diameter, 3 cm external diameter and 68 cm height. The operating pressure was atmospheric for all experimental runs.  The liquid flow of light­naphtha was 0.4 Uh, and the catalyst weight was 50 gm, H/

Drilling well design optimization reduces total Authorization for Expenditures (AFE) by decreasing well constructing time and expense. Well design is not a constant pattern during the life cycle of the field. It should be optimized by continuous improvements for all aspects of redesigning the well depending on the actual field conditions and problems. The core objective of this study is to deliver a general review of the well design optimization processes and the available studies and applications to employ the well design optimization to solve problems encountered with well design so that cost effectiveness and perfect drilling well performance are achievable. Well design optimization processes include unconventional design(slimhole) co

   The modified Hummers method was applied to prepare graphene oxide (GO) from the graphite powder. Tin oxide nanoparticles with different loading (10-20 wt.%) supported on reduced graphene oxide were synthesized to evaluate the oxidative desulfurization efficiency. The catalyst was synthesized by the incipient wetness impregnation (IWI) technique. Different analysis methods like FT-IR, XRD, FESEM, AFM, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) were utilized to characterize graphene oxide and catalysts. The XRD analysis showed that the average crystal size of graphene oxide was 6.05 nm. In addition, the FESEM results showed high metal oxide dispersions on the rGO. The EDX analysis shows the weight ratio of Sn is close to its theoretical weight.

Mass transfer was studied using a rotating cylinder electrode with different lengths of legs acting as turbulence promoters. Two types of rotating cylinder ,made of brass, were examined : an enhanced cylinder one, with four rectangular extensions 10 mm long, 10 mm wide, and 1mm thick, and an enhanced cylinder two with four longitudes 30 mm long,10 mm wide, and 1mm thick. The best performance was obtained for enhanced cylinder two at low rotation speeds while enhanced cylinder one was realized at high rotation speeds. The mass transfer enhancement as compared with a normal rotating cylinder electrode, devoid of promoters, is 53% or 58% higher. The enhancement percentage decreased as rotation speeds increased further, since, seemingly, ful

Two types of adsorbents were used to treat oily wastewater, activated carbon and zeolite. The removal efficiencies of these materials were compared to each other. The results showed that activated carbon performed some better properties in removal of oil. The experimental methods which were employed in this investigation included batch and column studies. The former was used to evaluate the rate and equilibrium of carbon and zeolie adsorption, while the latter was used to determine treatment efficiencies and performance characteristics. Expanded bed adsorber was constructed in the column studies. In this study, the adsorption behavior of vegetable oil (corn oil) onto activated carbon and zeolite was examined as a function of the concentr

Phosphorus and dye (direct black) removal for small – scale wastewater applications were investigated using oven dried alum sludge (ODS).The use of alum sludge not only provides a low cost technique but also reduces the hazard and the cost related to the disposal of large amount of alum sludge. Phosphorus and dye removal exceeds 90% for all operating conditions applied in the research.
The residuals generated during the treatment of wastewater were further tested to study the possibility of aluminum leaching from oven dried alum sludge during the adsorption of phosphorus and dye. These tests observed a reduction in aluminum leaching indicating a lower risk imposed on land and surface water based on disposal options rather than on al

The Pb²⁺ ions biosorption removal onto dead biomass of Chlorophyta algae is optimized by employing response surface methodology (RSM). Central composite design (CCD)-based experiments were carried out, and RSM was used to evaluate the results. The effects of contact time (15-120min), with pH solution (2-7), initial lead concentration (25-100 mg/L), biomass dose (0.01-1 g/100 mL), agitation speed (100-300 rpm) on the biosorption process were investigated. The optimal conditions of the experimental, data were pH (5), metal concentration (50mg/L), dosage (0.2g/100mL), agitation speed (200 rpm), and contact time of 120 min with constant particle size (63 mm), which gave 98.88% removal efficiency. All the

The current study investigated the stability and the extraction efficiency of emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) for Abamectin pesticide removal from aqueous solution. The stability was investigated in terms of droplet emulsion size distribution and emulsion breakage percent. The proposed ELM included a mixture of corn oil and kerosene (1:1) as a diluent, Span 80 (sorbitan monooleate) as a surfactant and hydrochloric acid (HCl) as a stripping agent without utilizing a carrier agent. Parameters such as homogenizer speed, surfactant concentration, emulsification time and internal to organic volume ratio (I/O) were evaluated. Results show that the lower droplet size of 0.9 µm and higher stable emulsion in terms of breakage percent of 1.12 % we

Insulin like growth factor-1 has metabolic and growth-related roles all over the body and is strongly associated and regulated by growth hormone. It is produced by almost any type of tissue, especially the liver. The study aimed to measure insulin like growth factor in growth hormone deficient patients and find its relation with other studied parameters. The Subjects in the study were 180 studied in the National Diabetic Center for Treatment and Research/Al-Mustansiriya University in Baghdad/Iraq for the period from November 2021 to April 2022. Blood was drawn and investigated for the levels of IGF-1, IGFBP-3, LH, and FSH. Also testosterone and statistical analysis was carried out to find the potential correlations. The results relived t

Coffee is the most essential drink today, aside from water, the high consumption of coffee and the byproducts of its soluble industries such as spent coffee grounds can have a negative effect on the environment as a source of toxic organic compounds. Therefore, caffeine removal from the spent coffee ground can be applied as a method to limit the effect of its production on the environment. The aim of this study is to determine the kinetics and thermodynamics parameters and develop models for both processes based on the process parameters by using traditional solid-liquid extraction and Ultrasound-assisted extraction methods. The processes were performed at a temperature range of 25 to 55 °C for traditional and ultrasound baths, and expe

   This study presented Intelligent Network's proposed methodology for forecasting the effectiveness of cadmium removal from wastewater using emulsion liquid membrane (ELM). The research examined the removal of cadmium from an aqueous solution in the internal phase of water-in-oil emulsions. ELM was composed of kerosene as the membrane phase, Span 80 as the surfactant, di-2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid (D₂EHPA) as the extracting agent, and hydrochloric acid (HCl) as the stripping solution. Experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of five parameters: surfactant concentration, feed-phase agitation speed, internal-to-membrane phase volume ratio, emulsion-to-feed volume ratio, and stripping-phase concentration in the

Empirical equations for estimating thickening time and compressive strength of bentonitic - class "G" cement slurries were derived as a function of water to cement ratio and apparent viscosity (for any ratios). How the presence of such an equations easily extract the thickening time and compressive strength values of the oil field saves time without reference to the untreated control laboratory tests such as pressurized consistometer for thickening time test and Hydraulic Cement Mortars including water bath ( 24 hours ) for compressive strength test those may have more than one day.

The finishing operation of the electrochemical finishing technology (ECF) for tube of steel was investigated In this study. Experimental procedures included qualitative
and quantitative analyses for surface roughness and material removal. Qualitative analyses utilized finishing optimization of a specific specimen in various design and operating conditions; value of gap from 0.2 to 10mm, flow rate of electrolytes from 5 to 15liter/min, finishing time from 1 to 4min and the applied voltage from 6 to 12v, to find out the value of surface roughness and material removal at each electrochemical state. From the measured material removal for each process state was used to verify the relationship with finishing time of work piece. Electrochemi

The Material Balance Equation is a crucial tool utilized in reservoir studies to evaluate fluids and rock properties at static pressures. The Flowing and Dynamic Material Balance methods offer a significant advantage by avoiding the requirement to shut down wells, as they use flowing pressure instead of static pressure under constant or variable flow rates. The concept of "Dynamic Material Balance" involves converting the bottom hole flowing pressure at any point at any given time to the average reservoir pressure at that point. This allows for the use of classical material balance calculations and the development of classical material balance plots. In this study, the Dynamic Material Balance and Agrawal Type Curve techniques were used

One of the major elements faced in downhole drilling operations of oil and gas wells is the limited reach of coiled tubing (CT) in horizontal wellbores. To address this issue, this work creates an extended reach limit simulation of CT with starting bending curvature in a horizontal wellbore for an Iraqi well in the Ahdeb oil field. Using Drillbench software, a calculation approach is provided based on contact force and buckling models to determine the extended reach limit of CT. The findings of this study have significant implications for improving downhole drilling engineering design parameters and predicting the extended reach limit of CT. By considering factors such as friction resistance and contact force between the wellbore, a more