In this study, a series of compounds (B1-B10) containing the (OR-) bond were prepared from nucleophilic substitution reaction of the Schiff base compound containing the (OH) group with different halides (alkyl halides, benzyl halides, benzoyl halides, sulfonyl halides) using the Williamson method. The prepared compounds were identified by FTIR, ¹HNMR, and ¹³CNMR, then their effectiveness was evaluated against positive and negative gram bacterial and fungal and compared with two standard references (Ciprofloxacin ,Clotrimazole ). Overall , some of prepared compounds showed inhibition zone against Gram-positive and negative bacteria, and some compounds did not show

Bacterial infections are ongoing challenging due to resistance developed by infectious bacteria. So that many researches targeting designing new antibacterials are published annually. Heterocycles are important field in organic synthesis due to their biological activities. Because of their important and considerable pharmacological activities; 1,3-benzothiazole derivatives had received special attention. The purines nucleus are present in several compounds that possess a wide  range of  biological activities such as antiviral, antifungal, antitumor and antibacterial activities. Hybridization-combing two pharmacophores to form one molecule-is usual method in designing new drugs. The new derivatives of 6-mercaptopurine with 1,3-b

Abstract

      A thin film refers to a pliable polymer layer, with or without a plasticizer, that has been observed to enhance the onset of medicine action, reduce dosing frequency, and enhance the efficacy of drugs. One such technique involves the utilization of polyelectrolyte complexes (PEC) in the preparation of films. This work concerned with studying variables affecting the preparation of topical film for penciclovir using PEC of chitosan and acacia. In this study, Skin bioadhesive polymeric films were fabricated using a solvent casting approach, using acacia gum and chitosan as the main components. The resulting films were further examined to evaluate their features and drug relea

Despite decades of advanced medical study, extracts from coniferous plants have recently been found to be effective against tumor disorders. One of the most prevalent cancers in the world is lung cancer in which every two and a half minutes, lung cancer is discovered in the world. Portulacaria afra Jacq. (spekboom or pork bush) is a medicinal plant belonging to the family of Didieraceae, that contains (7) genera and (20) species .The plant's historical advantages and mythical significance include the usage as a diuretic, for sores, for persistent rash, for heartburn, and for rheumatism. Additionally, it has been claimed that P. afra exhibits antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant anti-inflammatory and cancer-pr

The aim of this research is to prepare a set of complexes with the general formula [M(HMB)n] , where M=VO (II) , Cr(III) and Cu(II) while  n=2,3,2 respectively resulting from the reaction of anew ligand [N'-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)-4-methylbenzohydrazide] (HMB) derived from the reaction of the tow substances (4-methylbenzohydrazide  and 2-hydroxy-3-methoxy benzaldehyde) with metal ions. The prepared compounds were identified by several spectroscopic methods such as Infrared, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Electronic Spectra. From the results of the measurements, it was suggested that the prepared complexes have different geometries such as square planar (Cu), square pyramidal (VO) and octahedral (Cr). DFT simulations backed

         Doxorubicin is a chemotherapeutic agent belonging to the anthracyclines that are used for the treatment of a wide variety of malignancies, however, it is correlated with serious cardiotoxicity, Hidrosmin is a synthetic flavonoid derived from hesperidin, diosmin which has pleiotropic effects including anti-ischemic, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. Vitamin C is a water-soluble may reduce the risks of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and stroke. Forty-five mature male rats their prime weight from 250-280 gm were divided into five groups; Group 1:  control group, where rats were injected intraperitoneally with (1ml/kg) of normal saline ever

Lornoxicam (LOX) is (NSAID); it is a crystalline powder that ranges in color from orange to yellow and is practically insoluble in water. The aim of this study is to increase the solubility and dissolution of LOX using the surface solid dispersions SSD approach by employing hydrophilic-water insoluble carriers, such as Aerosil 200, Croscarmellose Sodium (CCS), Sodium Starch Glycolate (SSG), Crospovidone and Avicel® PH101. To determine the best drug-carrier intera

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global concern, especially in low- and middle-income countries, threatening food production, healthcare, and life expectancy. Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programs can optimize antibiotic use, improve patient outcomes, lower AMR, and save healthcare costs. This observational-retrospective study in Dhi Qar Governorate aimed to assess antimicrobial prescribing patterns in Al-Nasiriya public hospitals. Dhi Qar Health Directorate comprises ten hospitals, and only one hospital was excluded from the study. The study used data from antibiotic stewardship committees, including antibiogram, antibiotic, and meropenem surveys, hospital pharmacies’ medical files, and the directorate statistics from 1/1/2023 t

Potentially inappropriate prescribing is the prescribing of a medication that may cause more harm than benefit, the elderly population aged 65 years or older is more prone to potentially inappropriate prescribing because of alterations in their physiology, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics as well as polypharmacy and comorbidities, Beers list is a screening tool that help doctors to detect potentially inappropriate prescribing in geriatric patients and is designed to solve this problem, the aim of this study is to measure the prevalence of potentially inappropriate prescribing among psychiatric patients using the Beers criteria as an assessment tool and find the relationship between duration of hospitalization, comorbidities and pol

Scrophularia. striata from Scrophulariacea family has been used in Iranian folk medicine for the treatment of infectious diseases. In this study we evaluated the synergistic effect of S. striata   hydroalcoholic extract (SSE) and commercially available antibiotics against P. aeroginosa and Methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The resazurin-based microdilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of plan extract and standard antibiotics. The interaction between standard antibiotics and SSE was evaluated by using checkerboard method. The results of this study revealed that SSE enhance the antibacterial activity of antibiotics. The combin

Multiple myeloma is hematological disease produces many complications in the bone, kidney, neural and other complications. The study aims to measure serum biomolecules like fetuin-A and resistin and determined the possibility to use these biomarkers as disease predictor. blood samples were isolated from 58 patients and 24 sex and age-matched control, serum then isolated, and proper ELISA kit then used to a determined level of B2 microglobulin, resistin, and fetuin-A. The result demonstrated significant increase in   B2 microglobulin, fetuin-A and resistin in patients compare to control (1.3470.714 vs. 0.9130.253), p = 0.000, (14.00310.352 vs. 9.2594.264), p= 0.005, (1.9673.595 vs. 0.6040.622), p = 0.009, respectively. &

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin with antioxidant and DNA protecting properties , Levofloxacin is a member of the fluoroquinolone drug class, Its broad-spectrum bactericidal effect affects both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

The goal of the study is to analyze the haematology analysis in rats received levofloxacin and show the preventive impact of vitamin D3 by analyzing the haematology parameters: packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration(MCHC),haemoglobin (HB), red blood cell (RBC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV),meancorpuscular haemoglobin(MCH), WBC ,differential WBC, and Platelets.

The study included 42 rats divided into 6 groups each group 7 rats. group I negative control

      A simple and highly sensitive cloud point extraction process was suggested for preconcentration of micrograms amount of isoxsuprine hydrochloride (ISX) in pure and pharmaceutical samples. After diazotization coupling of ISX with diazotized sulfadimidine in alkaline medium, the azo-dye product quantitatively extracted into the Triton X-114 rich phase, dissolved in ethanol and determined spectrophotometrically at 490 nm. The suggested reaction was studied with and without extraction and simple comparison between the batch and CPE methods was achieved. Analytical variables including concentrations of reagent, Triton X-114 and base, incubated temperature, and time were carefully studied. Under the selected opti

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) referring to a syndrome that is recognized as a life-course disease and has both metabolic and reproductive signs; main pathophysiological cause includes insulin resistance, hyperandrogenism, and oxidative stress state. The study aimed to assess the impact of combining Myoinositol and Metformin, the main insulin-sensitizing drugs, on improving clinical, metabolic, and hormonal parameters in females with PCOS. A clinical trial that was prospective, randomized, and comparative on 54 patients (aged 18-40 y) are divided into three groups: group1 patients allocated to receive Myo-inositol(4g), group2 patients assigned to receive Metformin(1g) and group3 patients assigned to receive Myo-inositol(4g) + Metformin

Ammi species belong to the family Umbellifereae that provide a host of bioactive compounds (mainly coumarins and flavonoids) of important biological activities, like prevention and treatment of heart and vascular disease and some types of cancer. Literature survey revealed that there was no study concerning Ammi flavonoids in Iraq. Ammi majus and Ammi visnaga, which are wildly grown in Iraq, were chosen for this study. This study concerned with extraction, identification, isolation, and purification of some biologically important flavonols quercetin and kaempferol from the fruits of Ammi majus and Ammi visnaga. Extraction of these flavonols was carried out using 85% methanol and 90% e

Anastrozole (ANZ) is considered constitute of the fourth –generation of Non–steroidal aromatase blockage, ANZ has use for hormone receptor positive breast cancer in postmenopausal women. The serious side effects of ANZ including, vaginal dryness, hot flashes, irritability, breast tenderness and un–stability in circulation.

Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) have recently emerged as a multifunctional platform for drug delivery in cancer therapy.

Five formula were composed of (200 mg of glyceryl monostearate, 40 mg of oleic acid , 1% (w/w) Tween 80, 1% (w/w) Poloxamer 407, 1% (w/w) soy lecithin and Vitamin E Polyethylene Glycol Succinate.

The mean particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, entrapme

Hypertrophic scars are fibroproliferative illnesses caused by improper wound healing, during that, excessive inflammation, angiogenesis, and differentiated human dermal fibroblast (HDF ) function contribute to scarring, whereas hyperpigmentation negatively affects scar quality. Over 100 million patients heal with a scar every year. To investigate the role of the beta 2 adrenergic receptor (β2AR); Ritodrine, in wound scarring, the ability of beta 2 adrenergic receptor agonist (β2ARag) to alter HDF differentiation and function, wound inflammation, angiogenesis, and wound scarring was explored in HDFs, zebrafish, chick chorioallantoic membrane assay (CAM), and a porcine skin wound model, respectively. A study identify a β2AR-mediated m

Dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis (SD) are common skin disorders affecting the scalp and extending to other body sites in the case of SD. They are associated with pruritus and scaling, causing an esthetical disturbance in the population affected.   Treatment of such conditions involves using a variety of drugs for long terms, thus optimizing drug formulation is essential to improve therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance. Conventional topical formulations like shampoos and creams have been widely used but their use is associated with disadvantages. To overcome such effects, novel topical nanotechnology-based formulations are currently under investigation. In the following article, we highlight recently published formulatio

Abstract

The purpose of our study was to develop Dabigatran Etexilate loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (DE-NLCs) using Glyceryl monostearate and Oleic acid as lipid matrix, and to estimate the potential of the developed delivery system to improve oral absorption of low bioavailability drug, different Oleic acid ratios effect on particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency and loading capacity were studied, the optimized DE-NLCs shows a particle size within the nanorange, the zeta potential (ZP) was 33.81±0.73mV with drug entrapment efficiency (EE%) of  92.42±2.31% and a loading capacity (DL%) of 7.69±0.17%. about 92% of drug was released in 24hr in a controlled manner, the ex-vivo intestinal p

Asthma is a chronic respiratory disorder in which immunological and structural cells play a role. The limits of conventional medicines necessitate the development of innovative therapeutic techniques for asthma. In the present study, we investigated the possible protective effect of cinnamic acid (CA) on ovalbumin-induced asthma in a mouse model. Sixty albino male mice BALB/c type weighing (20-30) grams were chosen at random and divided into five groups each one contains 12 animal: Group I: PBS/liquid paraffin control. Group II: asthma model group. Group III: cinnamic acid control group; mice received cinnamic acid (50 mg/kg) in liquid paraffin orally by gavage. Group IV: asthma model / group of (25 mg / kg) cinnamic acid; mice received

         Darifenacin hydrobromide (DH) is the more recent uroselective M3 receptor antagonist for treating uncomplicated overactive bladder (OAB). This study was aimed to formulate DH as fast dissolving buccal films (FDBFs) using a solvent casting method to enhance patient’s compliance.

         Films were prepared by using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a film forming polymer. Different types and concentrations of superdisintegrants (croscarmellose sodium, sodium starch glycolate, indion 414) were used to select the best formula by studying the physicochemical properties of the films, disintegration time (DT) and percent drug release.

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The intestinal mucositis define as inflammation and ulceration in the gastrointestinal tract wall and in some case in the oral cavity these cause by treatment with antineoplastic drug like 5-fluorouracil and Irinotecan and other types of chemotherapeutics drugs , 5-Fluorouracil-induced intestinal mucositis (IM) is consider as one of the more common tumor issue .it cause series of undesirables symptoms like severe diarrhea ,abdominal pain , stomach uncomfortable and other. The aim of this current study to see how ellagic acid act to  Attenuates 5-FU-Induced Intestinal Mucositis and  Diarrhea in Mice . we induced the intestinal mucositis by injected the mice intraperitoneally in 5-fluorouracil about 50mg per kg daily for

The protective effect of benfotiamine against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity was evaluated in rabbits. Pretreatment of rabbits with 70mg/kg benfotiamine orally 7 days before induction of cardiotoxicity with I.V 15mg/kg doxorubicin. injection resulted in significant reduction of the activities of lactate dehydrogenase and creatine phosphokinase enzyme in the serum compared to doxorubicin treated animals; benfotiamine also improves the histological changes produced by doxorubicin in the cardiac muscle compared to control. In conclusion, benfotiamine when used concomitantly with doxorubicin protects the myocardium against the cardiotoxicity induced by this cytotoxic drug.

Prochloperazine maleate (PCM) is one of the most prescribed phenothiazine. The purpose of the present research was to develop fast dissolving tablets of PCM with β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex. Tablets prepared  by wet granulation with sublimation and by using  different superdisintegrants type [ low-hydroxypropylcellulose LH21 (L-HPC LH21), carboxymethylcellulose calcium (ECG505), crospovidone (CP)], and different type of subliming agents (urea and ammonium bicarbonate (AB)). Tablets evaluated for its % friability, disintegration time, wetting time, hardness, content uniformity, weight variation, in vitro dissolution studies. For further enhancement of disintegration and dissolution, PCM orodispersible tablet were formula

Pre-eclampsia is the most common medical complication of pregnancy associated with increased maternal and infant mortality and morbidity. Its exact etiology is not known, although several evidences indicate that various elements might play an important role in pre-eclampsia. This study was carried out to analyze and to compare the concentration of calcium, in mild pre-eclampsia and in normal pregnant women , and to determine the effect of oral supplementation with calcium on mild pre-eclampsia  , and whether this effect is related to the change in the level of serum calcium. Forty- five women  in the third trimester of pregnancy were selected to participate in this study and divided  into: fifteen apparently healthy, normo

Triazole antifungal drug voriconazole inhibits the fungal ergosterol synthesis and reacts very well against a wide range of fungal species. Organogel is a semisolid preparation in which the polar phase becomes immobilized within the three-dimensional structure. It would be ideal to have a topically applied form of voriconazole organogel to avoid undesirable systemic side effects and to reduce the dosage by coming into direct contact with the pathological site. This study aimed to formulate topical voriconazole organogel, consisting of a low molecular weight gelator (palmitic acid) at different concentrations with oleic acid, grape seed, and sesame oil. A solubility study revealed that voriconazole was highly soluble in the chosen oils. S

Patients who have implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD) are challenged with multiple physical, psychological, and social complications. It is important to understand ICD patients’ knowledge about safe measures post-implementation. The study aims to assess patient’s knowledge of the safe measures after implantable cardioverter defibrillator. A descriptive-analytical study was carried out from October 19th, 2022 to January 16th, 2024 to determine the patient’s knowledge about safe measures after ICD. Non-probability (purposive) sample of 70 Patients with an ICD during routine checking and programming the device in outpatient at Ibn – Al-Bitar specialized center in Baghdad city. The study instrument was composed of three par

Metal-organic frameworks-5 (MOF-5) were explored for enhancement of the solubility and dissolution of the drug niclosamide (NIC). MOF-5 was synthesized by solvothermal method and NIC was loaded into it (NIC@MOF-5). Characterization was done using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area (BET-SA), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The effect of loading time on the percentages of entrapment efficiency (%EE) and loading capacity (%LC) were studied. The effect of incorporation into MOF-5 on saturated solubility and dissolution profiles of NIC was investigated in three different media: acidic buffer solution

   The new Iraqi health insurance plan was approved by the Iraqi parliament in 2021 and became a law that should be implemented in the next couple of years. This study is collaboration between the University of Baghdad/ College of Pharmacy and the Health Insurance Authority which is the responsible body for the new health insurance program implementation. The study aimed to measure the general population's awareness and acceptance of the new national health insurance program in order to get over any obstacles that might arise during the implementation process. This study was a cross-sectional study using an electronic survey for the general population. A Google Form was used to distribute the survey via social media platforms. The surv