For projects such as airports and road paving, an appropriate foundation must be developed in Sabkha soil, which requires a trustworthy assessment of soil-bearing capacity. When heavy traffic is expected to result in substantial wheel loads throughout pavement construction and maintenance, the plate load test helps solve these issues with subgrade and sub-base layer design. This work aims to investigate and assess the geotechnical behavior regarding soil strata from one area in southern Iraq: Sabkha. Conversely, a comparison is made between subgrade response modulus and soil-bearing capacity determined by field plate load tests and traditional laboratory investigations. The data demonstrated that the values rela

Conventional RPC does not contain coarse content aggregate, but some researchers incorporate coarse aggregate. Those researchers used coarse aggregate to produce RPC, the new RPC known as modified reactive powder concrete (MRPC). This paper shows the findings of a study that looked into using crushed concrete as aggregates. The crushed concrete was taken from examined cube spacemen of a road project in the city of Baghdad and then crushed until they were no bigger than 10 mm. Micro steel fibres (1% by volume of the concrete) and crushed concrete (25% and 100%) of the original reactive powder concrete were added to the mix instead of fine sand and micro steel fibres before the casting. Look into several properties of the

Jet grouting is one of the most widely applied soil improvement techniques. It is suitable for most geotechnical problems, including improving bearing capacity, decreasing settlement, forming seals, and stabilizing slopes. One of the difficulties faced by designers is determining the strength and geometry of elements created using this method. Jet grouted soil-cement columns in soil are a complicated issue because they are dependent on a number of parameters such as soil type, grout and water flow rate, rotation and lifting speed of monitor, nozzle jetting force, and water to cement ratio of slurry. This paper discusses the effect of the water-cement ratio on the physical and mechanical characteristics of soilcrete. In t

This paper aims to validate a proposed finite element model to be adopted in predicting displacement and soil stresses of a piled-raft foundation. The proposed model adopts the solid element to simulate the raft, piles, and soil mass. An explicit integration scheme has been used to simulate nonlinear static aspects of the piled-raft foundation and to avoid the computational difficulties associated with the implicit finite element analysis.

The validation process is based on comparing the results of the proposed finite element model with those of a scaled-down experimental work achieved by other researchers. Centrifuge apparatus has been used in the experimental work to generate the required stresses to simulate t

A numerical method (F.E.)was derived for incompressible viscoelastic materials, the aging and
environmental phenomena especially the temperature effect was considered in this method. A
treatment of incompressibility was made for all permissible values of poisons ratio. A
mechanical model represents the incompressible viscoelastic materials and so the properties can
be derived using the Laplace transformations technique .A comparison was made with the other
methods interested with viscoelastic materials by applying the method on a cylinder of viscoelastic material surrounding by a steel casing and subjected to a constant internal pressure, as well as a comparison with another viscoelastic method and for Asphalt Concrete pro

Estimation of runoff volume and peak runoff is necessary for designing and operating the dams. One of the accepted models for estimating the runoff is HEC-1 model. Two methods were used in this study to estimate the runoff in Goizha-Dabashan watershed, 2.02 km2, Rational method and Soil Conservation Service curve number method (SCS-CN). Satellite image from Landsat-7 (ETM+) was used to develop land use and soil type maps. Watershed was delineated from DEM (http: //www.emrl.byu. edu/gsdu) with resolution 10 m with aid of WMS 7.1 software. Runoff coefficient was calculated by inverse the Rational equation. Manual calibration was performed until the Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient gives the best results. Results showed that the runoff coefficien

Flutter is a phenomenon resulting from the interaction between aerodynamic and structural dynamic forces and may lead to a destructive instability. The aerodynamic forces on an oscillating airfoil combination of two independent degrees of freedom have been determined. The problem resolves itself into the solution of certain definite integrals, which have been identified as Theodorsen functions. The theory, being based on potential flow and the Kutta condition, is fundamentally equivalent to the conventional wing-ection theory relating to the steady case. The mechanism of aerodynamic instability has been analyzed in detail. An exact solution, involving potential flow and the adoption of the Kutta condition, has been analyzed in detail. Th

This paper studies the adaptive coded modulation for coded OFDM system using punctured convolutional code, channel estimation, equalization and SNR estimation. The channel estimation based on block type pilot arrangement is performed by sending pilots at every sub carrier and using this estimation for a specific number of following symbols. Signal to noise ratio is estimated at receiver and then transmitted to the transmitter through feedback channel ,the transmitter according to the estimated SNR select appropriate modulation scheme and coding rate which maintain constant bit error rate
lower than the requested BER. Simulation results show that better performance is confirmed for target bit error rate (BER) of (10-3) as compared to c

The problem of internal sulfate attack in concrete is widespread in Iraq and neighboring countries.This is because of the high sulfate content usually present in sand and gravel used in it. In the present study the total effective sulfate in concrete was used to calculate the optimum SO3 content. Regression models were developed based on linear regression analysis to predict the optimum SO3 content usually referred as (O.G.C) in concrete. The data is separated to 155 for the development of the models and 37 for checking the models. Eight models were built for 28-days age. Then a late age (greater than 28-days) model was developed based on the predicted optimum SO3 content of 28-days and late age. Eight developed models were built for all

Porous asphalt paving is a modern design method that differs from the usual asphalt pavements' traditional designs. The difference is that the design structure of porous pavements allows the free passage of fluids through their layers, which controls or reduces the amount of runoff or water accumulated in the area by allowing the flow of rain and surface runoff.  The cross-structure of this type of paving works as a suitable method for managing rainwater and representing groundwater recharge. The overall benefits of porous asphalt pavements include environmental services and safety features, including controlling the build-up of contaminated metals on the road surface, rainwater management, resistance to slipping ac

An experimental study on a KIA pride (SAIPA 131) car model with scale of 1:14 in the wind tunnel was made beside the real car tests. Some of the modifications to passive flow control which are (vortex generator, spoiler and slice diffuser) were added to the car to reduce the drag force which its undesirable characteristic that increase fuel consumption and exhaust toxic gases. Two types of calculations were used to determine the drag force acting on the car body. Firstly, is by the integrating the values of pressure recorded along the pressure taps (for the wind tunnel and the real car testing), secondly, is by using one component balance device (wind tunnel testing) to measure the force. The results show that, the avera

Many Network applications used as remote login have some ways for detecting the intruders which are classical ways applied by comparison of operations between login user interface and system stored information. The proposed system tried to detect the intrusions happened by the network intruders using new technique called Adaptive Fuzzy Neural Network which have the ability to detect the intrusions at the same time even if the number of users is large. The proposed system consists of two stages, the first stage is for monitoring all events that happen and analyzing them, and the second stage is to detect intrusions. The detection operation combines anomaly intrusion detection and misuse intrusion detection using the Adaptive Fuzzy Neural

The inhibition of copper corrosion by Naphthylamine (NA), Ethylenediamine (EDA), Tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA), Diethylenetriamine (DETA), and Phenylenediamine (PDA) in 5% HCl have been investigated by weight loss technique at different temperatures. The results were compared with Benzotriazole (BTA), the common inhibitor used for inhibition of copper corrosion in different environments. The BTA film formed on the copper surface obeys Langmuir Adsorption Isotherm. While NA, EDA, TEPA, and DETA appear to obey the Freundlich Adsorption Isotherm. In the other hand, the two-adsorption isotherms were unsuitable to represent the data of PDA. Results also showed that the Kinetic-Thermodynamic Model was suitable to fit the experimental data of t

This research intents to design and laboratory implementation of a power electronic converter, which is useful for home applications, industrial, communications, street light and water pumping using solar cell source. The design is based on a step up boost DC/DC converter followed by a full wave SPWM inverter. The nominal power rating is 1.25kW and can operate from any DC source such as DC battery besides fuel cells. The system which consists of the following stages (PV, converter, inverter, DC link, filter and snubber circuit), is designed primarily with a general module depending on Orcad PSPICE program to produce power output nearly 1.25kVA at 50Hz with a pure sinewave output for both voltage and current. After designing and simulatin

تمثل عممية البناء الشكمي لمعمارة الشمسية عممية منيجية تعتمد عمى ما وجود من اساليب تطور ت عمى اساسيا نظم وتفاصيل جديدة تحدد بنية الشكل المثالي الكفوء لحفظ الطاقة ، وتقترب من النظرية الوظيفية في البناء الشكمي كما تتاثر بالنظريات االخرى ،وتتغير من مصمم الى أخر لتحقيق االبداع الشخصي في قضايا الشكل المتعمقة عادة بالحدس الذاتي والتركيز عمى استراتجية دون أخرى واالستفادة من المناورة التصميمية ضمن ماىو ممكن لموصو

This paper addresses the use of adaptive sliding mode control for the servo actuator system with friction. The adaptive sliding mode control has several advantages over traditional sliding mode control method. Firstly, the magnitude of control effort is reduced to the minimal admissible level defined by the conditions for the sliding mode to exist. Secondly, the upper bounds of uncertainties are not required to be known in advance. Therefore, adaptive sliding mode control method can be effectively implemented. The numerical simulation via MATLAB 2014a for servo actuator system with friction is investigated to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed robust adaptive sliding mode control scheme. The results clarify, after

This work involves the calculation of the cooling load in Iraqi building constructions taking in account the effect of the convective heat transfer inside the buildings. ASHRAE assumptions are compared with the Fisher and Pedersen model of estimation of internal convective heat transfer coefficient when the high rate of ventilation from ceiling inlet configuration is used. Theoretical calculation of cooling load using the Radiant Time Series Method (RTSM) is implemented on the actual tested spaces. Also the theoretical calculated cooling loads are experimentally compared by measuring the cooling load in these tested spaces. The comparison appears that using the modified Fisher and Pedersen model when large ventilation ra

An analytical approach, adopted to find the settlement of foundations resting on reinforced soil based on the test results on a model surface circular footing resting on reinforced soil, is summarized. The soil was reinforced using biaxial geomesh. The settlement was determined by considering the compatibility of strain (settlement) between soil and reinforcement element underneath the foundation. Theoretical
equations were used to estimate the settlement either from the superstructure loads or from in-situ plate load tests on the reinforced soil system. The type of geomesh used in this study has been determined based on the grain size distribution of the soil. The
investigation in this study used two different types of geomesh

The aircraft landing phase, marking the finishing of a flight plane, is a critical yet dangerous aerial maneuver. Even though it might seem simple, predicting the complexities of performance during landing presents a big challenge due to the dynamic characteristics of the phase, interaction with piloting methods, as well as inherent uncertainties in aerodynamics. Landing is executed in close proximity to the ground at reduced airspeed, the landing phase entails an escalated safety risk. Notably, incidents and accidents, particularly overruns where aircraft fail to slow sufficiently on the runway before landing, underscore the imperative for advanced landing technologies. This paper presents a comprehensive review of rese

This paper aims to develop a framework for differentiating the selection of welding processes using specialized knowledge-based expert systems, which are particularly useful in dealing with issues that require complex decision-making. A program was created and programmed using the process information maps (PRIMAs) matrix in Visual Basic Access for selecting welding processes in a study. The program is in two stages. In the first stage, it excludes non-candidate operations according to several criteria, the most important of which is the type of metal and its thickness. The second stage is arranging operations using multi-criteria methods for decision-making through research to resolve complicated problems involving multi

In this research an experimental study has done for testing the thermal performance of selective surfaces used in solar collectors for substrate of iron, galvanized iron and aluminum which are commercially available. The coating process for the samples has done in two ways, the electroplating and the chemical spray pyrolysis. The results of the thermal performance test of these samples are comparing with the thermal performance of a sample without paint and other paint with black paint without shines commercially available. For the electroplated samples, the performance study has done for different immersion time in plating bath, the
distance between electrical poles, the current density, and area ratio of the sample plated area to

Biosorption of cadmium ions from simulated wastewater using rice husk was studied with initial concentration of 25 mg/l. Equilibrium isotherm was studied using Langmuir, Freundlich, BET and Timken models. The results show that the Freundlich isotherm is the best fit model to describe this process with high determination coefficient equals to 0.983. There was a good compliance between the experimental and theoretical results. Highest removal efficiency 97% was obtained at 2.5g of adsorbent, pH 6 and contact time 100 min.

Heat transfer around a flat plate fin integrated with piezoelectric actuator used as oscillated fin in laminar flow has been studied experimentally utilizing thermal image camera. This study is performed
for fixed and oscillated single and triple fins. Different substrate-fin models have been tested, using fins of (35mm and 50mm) height, two sets of triple fins of (3mm and 6mm) spacing and three frequencies
applied to piezoelectric actuator (5, 30 and 50HZ). All tests are carried out for (0.5 m/s and 3m/s) in subsonic open type wind tunnel to evaluate temperature distribution, local and average Nusselt number (Nu) along the fin. It is observed, that the heat transfer enhancement with oscillation is significant compared to without o

Traditional methods of dealing with finding the relationship between the inputs data of simulation models and the outputs data fail or takes a long time to find this relationship. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have the ability to learn complex relationships between inputs and outputs. Their use can greatly enhance simulation models and allow for more accurate representations of real life scenarios.This paper is concerned with the application of the mechanism of integrating simulation models with artificial neural network (ANN) model. This mechanism was tested by integrating simulation models of re-tubing heat exchangers line (RTHEL) with ANN model to schedule entering exchangers to inside retubing workshop. The result of applying thi

conventional FCM algorithm does not fully utilize the spatial information in the image. In this research, we use a FCM algorithm that incorporates spatial information into the membership function for clustering. The spatial function is the summation of the membership functions in the neighborhood of each pixel under consideration. The advantages of the method are that it is less
sensitive to noise than other techniques, and it yields regions more homogeneous than those of other methods. This technique is a powerful method for noisy image segmentation. 

The study presents the test results of stabilizing gypseous soil embankment obtained from
Al- Faluja university Campus at Al-Ramady province. The laboratory investigation was divided
into three phases, The physical and chemical properties, the optimum liquid asphalt (emulsion)
requirements (which are manufactured in Iraq) were determined by using one dimensional
unconfined compression strength test.in the first phase , The optimum fluid content was 11%
(6% of emulsion with 5% water content).. At phase two, the effect of Aeration technique was
investigated using both direct shear and permeability test. At phase three for the case of static
load , the pure soil embankment model under dry test condition was investigated

Experience with Bishop's method, using the shear strength parameters c and obtained fron triaxial compression tests seems to indicate that the values of the safety factor obtained in this way are relatively large. This is sometimes compensated by using shear strength parameters obtained from direct shear tests, simple shear tests, or classical cell tests, which usually lead to smaller values of c and . A solution for the difficulty mentioned above may be the notion that the simple Coulomb formula does not take into account that failure may occur on a plane perpendicular to the global slip surface, with an additional rotation to result in global slip parallel to the slip surface, i.e. double sliding failure model.The essential step in dev

A new concrete rheometer is introduced including its innovation, actual design, working rules,
calibration, and reliability. A modified design of Tattersall two-point device is created. Some of
components are purchased from local and foreign markets, while other components and the
manufacturing process are locally fabricated. The matching viscosity method of determining the mixer
viscometer constants is demonstrated and followed to relate torque and rotational speed to yield stress
and viscosity (Bingham parameters). The calibration procedures and its calculation are explained.
Water is used as a Newtonian fluid, while; cement paste (cement + water) with w/c ratio equal to
(0.442) is used as a non-Newtonian fluid. Th

       The effects of the permeation cement grout with fly ash on the sandy soil skeleton were studied in the present work in two phase; first phase the shear strength parameters, and the second phase effect of these grouted materials on volume grouted zone by injection (51) cm³ of slurry in sandy soil placed in steel cylinder model with dimension 15 cm in diameter and 30 cm in height. The soil sample was obtained from Karbala city and it is classified as poorly graded sand (SP) according to USCS. The soil samples were improved by cement grout with three percentages weight of water cement ratio (w:c); (0.1w:0.9c, 0.8w:0.2c, and 0.7w:0.3c), while the soil samples were dehydrated for one day

This paper provides the result of an investigation to use of crushed clay brick as
aggregates in producing concrete. Eight different crushed clay brick aggregate concretes were
used in this investigation. Compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and pulse velocity of
crushed clay brick aggregates concrete were determined and compare to natural aggregate
concrete. The compressive strength of crushed clay brick aggregates concretes were always
lower than the compressive strength of natural aggregates concrete regardless the age of
concrete, but the crushed clay brick aggregates concrete showed better performance as the age of
concrete increases and average reduction in compressive strength were 33.5% at the age