Abstract---The aim of the current research is to identify the level of logical reasoning skills in chemistry students at the Faculty of Education for Pure Sciences/ Ibn Al-Haytham for the academic year (2021-2022). The differences in their level of skills according to the gender variable (males and females) and the academic stages (first- second - third - fourth). The descriptive approach was adopted because it corresponds to the nature of the research objectives. The research sample consisted of (400 )students selected in a relatively random stratified way. The researcher constructed a logical reasoning test, which includes (6) sub-skills , which is (proportional - probabilistic- synthetic- deductive- logic- variable adjustment). The psychometric properties of the test were also verified from face validity, discriminatory power , item difficulty index , and the relationship between the items score and the total degree of the test. Statistical methods were used in the Cronbach equation, the Spearman-Brown equation, (SPSS+22) . Pearson correlation coefficient, one sample T-test, two independent samples T-test , mono-variance analysis- Chevy test). The results that were reached showed that the students of the Chemistry Department have an average level of reasoning skills (proportional- probabilistic- synthetic) more than other skills and that males are superior to females in all reasoning skills. The results also showed that fourth stage students are superior than students in other stages in all reasoning skills. In the placement of the results that have been reached, the current research recommended the need to develop the curricula in general for all stages of study and work to include various training in reasoning 7007 skills and the need for guidance by officials and supervisors on the use of modern teaching methods and to move away from methods of memorization and indoctrination that make the student a recipient of information without interest in stimulating thinking. Keywords---logical reasoning skills, piaget theory, cognitive development theory, chemistry students.
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To ensure that a software/hardware product is of sufficient quality and functionality, it is essential to conduct thorough testing and evaluations of the numerous individual software components that make up the application. Many different approaches exist for testing software, including combinatorial testing and covering arrays. Because of the difficulty of dealing with difficulties like a two-way combinatorial explosion, this brings up yet another problem: time. Using client-server architectures, this research introduces a parallel implementation of the TWGH algorithm. Many studies have been conducted to demonstrate the efficiency of this technique. The findings of this experiment were used to determine the increase in speed and co
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The recent emergence of sophisticated Large Language Models (LLMs) such as GPT-4, Bard, and Bing has revolutionized the domain of scientific inquiry, particularly in the realm of large pre-trained vision-language models. This pivotal transformation is driving new frontiers in various fields, including image processing and digital media verification. In the heart of this evolution, our research focuses on the rapidly growing area of image authenticity verification, a field gaining immense relevance in the digital era. The study is specifically geared towards addressing the emerging challenge of distinguishing between authentic images and deep fakes – a task that has become critically important in a world increasingly reliant on digital med
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MCM-48 zeolites have unique properties from the surfaces and structure point of view as it’s shown in the results ,and unique and very sensitive to be prepared, have been experimentally prepared and utilized as a second-generation/ acid - catalyst for esterification reactions of oleic acid as a model oil for a free fatty acid source with Ethanol. The characterization of the catalyst used in the reaction has been identified by various methods indicating the prepared MCM-48 is highly matching the profile of common commercial MCM-48 zeolite. The XRF results show domination of SiO2 on the chemical structure with 99.1% and agreeable with the expected from MCM-48 for it's of silica-based, and the SEM results show the cubic c
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Background: Unlike normal EEG patterns, the epileptiform abnormal pattern is characterized by different mor phologies such as the high-frequency oscillations (HFOs) of ripples on spikes, spikes and waves, continuous and sporadic spikes, and ploy2 spikes. Several studies have reported that HFOs can be novel biomarkers in human epilepsy study. S) Method: To regenerate and investigate these patterns, we have proposed three large scale brain network models (BNM by linking the neural mass model (NMM) of Stefanescu-Jirsa 2D (S-J 2D) with our own structural con nectivity derived from the realistic biological data, so called, large-scale connectivity connectome. These models include multiple network connectivity of brain regions at different
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The national anthem is one of the most eloquent communicative discourses that the language establishes due to its deep impact on the audience and forms a broad mass base that interacts with the chanting of the national anthem. Moreover, communication is the cornerstone in building social and educational relations. From this point of view, the communicative approach studies language in the communicative context and its six important functions identified by linguist Roman Jacobson. The official UAE national anthem is considered as a model for expressing the enthusiasm of the Emirati Arab public, who is proud of their Arabism, loyalty and love of the homeland, because of the expressions that this anthem carries, urging the public to
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The advertisement is important in maximizing the resources of journalistic institutions. It helps them to perform their duties and also establishes their independence. However, this type of communication has often overlapped with other types of communication, including media and publicity.
Those in charge of the press bear responsibility in this regard, as some of them harness the advertisement for personal purposes; or detrimental to media content. Many communication authorities have drawn attention to the danger of confusing the concepts and levels of the three activities and have moved towards establishing rules to reduce overlap between them.
The aim of this research is to try to disengage the concept of advertising,
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