Determination of the concentrations of some inorganic elements (Fe, Co, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, Cd) by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy, Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy, and Inductively Coupled Plasma. and two dangerous organic pollutants (PAH and phenols) by GC and UV in the wastewater of Z.LTF Zafaraniya Leather tanning factory, W.BF Al-Waziriya Battery factory, Ba.WLS Al-Bayaa Wastewater Lifting Station, and some points of Tigris River in Baghdad city taking into consideration the sampling time Varying (two months) and setting the temperature during the drawing of the model. The results of the analysis revealed that the wastewater was contaminated with phenols, PAHs, and metals (Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu) at high rates that exceeded the permissible limits globally and locally. The same was true for Ni in W, BF & Ba, WLS water, while it was in Z, LTF Within the MOH.IQ, Fe element maintained at the natural ratio in the wastewater if the results were compared with the local permissible limits, the Co element also exceeded the permissible limits of the global and local determinants in W, BF & Z, LTF, while in the water Ba, WLPS it maintained its concentration within the MOH.IQ limits, While (Fe) was within the WHO and MOH.IQ limits, the percentage of Ni element exceeded the WHO limits in the wastewater of the LTF, while in the rest of the sites its concentrations exceeded the limits of WHO, MOH.IQ. As for the waters of the Tigris River, phenols were present at high rates that exceeded the permissible limits globally and locally. As for the PAH compounds, the results showed their presence in only two locations (Al-Dora area and under the Diyala bridge) and their percentage was exceeded the WHO, MOH.IQ permissible limits. While element Cr maintained its percentage within the WHO, MOH.IQ permissible limits, while the concentration of the rest elements ranged between allowed /not allowed within the parameters of WHO, MOH.IQ
Mass transfer has been studied at rotating cylinder electrodes fabricated with spiral-wound woven-wire meshes using reduction of copper as a test reaction. The experimental data were correlated by an empirical expression between the Sherwood number and the Reynolds number, both regarding the hydraulic diameter as a characteristic length. It was found that the Sherwood number was dependent upon the Reynolds number to the power of 0.521. An enhancement factor was adopted to compare the efficiency of the new rotating cylinder electrode with previous three-dimensional rotating cylinder electrodes. The results showed that the new type has a mass-transfer enhancement factor 2.3 times higher than those obtained with smooth rotating cylinder electr
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In this study, a theoretical scenario has been used to calculate the electronic current in sensitizer N3 molecule contact to TiO2 semiconductor for electrons in functional solar cells. It is known to play an important role on the compute the eficiency of solar cell. Some parameters of electronic current such as the transition energy, driving force energy, barrier height coupling overlapping values are determined. Transition energy is a necessary parameter to calculate the electronic current in solar cell with using wide polarity solvents Acetic acid, 2-Methoxyethanol, 1-Butanol, Methyl alcohol, chloroform, N,N-Dimethylacetamide and Ethyl alcohol via the quantum donor-acceptor system. Here, we show the results of transition energy can be var
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This systematic review aimed to investigate the relation between orthodontic treatment (OT) and the incidence of the gingival black triangle (GBT) after completing treatment with a fixed orthodontic appliance, as well as the associated risk factors and the level of alveolar bone. Electronic and hand searches were conducted in three electronic databases for relevant articles published up to March 2022. Retrieved articles went through a two-step screening procedure, and the risk of bias (RoB) was assessed by the Joanna Briggs Institute checklists. The incidence of GBT after OT was set as the primary outcome, while the secondary outcomes were the risk factors associated with GBT and alveolar bone loss following OT. Out of 421 papers, 5
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